• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2011

Traditionally, the main strategy of treatment of the head and neck cancer was en bloc resection including adjacent normal tissues through wide incision. However, the procedures may leave severe functional deficit such as swallowing difficulty, aspiration, and wide neck scar. Therefore, many attempts have been made up to minimize these morbidities. Of them, the minimal invasive approach such as transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and transoral robot surgery (TORS) have been spolighted as a sensible strategy for organ preservation of the head and neck cancer patients. Results of TLM are equivalent to those obtained by conventional surgery, with considerably less morbidity, less hospital time and better postoperative function. Oncologic results of TLM are equivalent to conventional surgery. TORS are safe, feasible, and promising but oncologic safety is not yet verified. This article covers to current application of TLM and TORS, their advantages and limitations, and future direction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.105-111
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• 2003

ORVR filler neck check valve, which is one of the essential components of the vapor fuel control system, should diminish the evaporation by maintaining laminar fluid flow on refueling process. This study presents numerical. results of pressure and velocity distributions of the fluid flow in a ORVR filler neck check valve on refueling process. CFD-ACE+ has been employed for numerical analysis based on the information of experimental results of valve position as a function of inlet flow rate. No abrupt pressure change, which may causes vaporization of fuel, has been confirmed to take place on the concave surface of the valve spool. However, it is clear that some possibility exist at the mid-position of surface of valve spool and downstream according to the opening of valve.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

Objectives To evaluate the treatment effect of Bee-venom Acupuncture on Neck Pain by Traffic Accidents, which is well known for anti-inflammatory effect and function of activating immune system. Methods We investigated 33 cases of patients with Neck Pain by Traffic Accidents by soft tissue injury. One group was treated by Bee-venom Acupuncture therapy, the other group was treated by General Acupuncture therapy . We evaluated the treatment effect of each group by Treatment Days & Number of Times, Distribution of Clinical evaluation grade, Visual Analog Scale before and after Treatment.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.567-572
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• 2018

The sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is to provide tactile, proprioceptive, and nociceptive afference by chemical stimulation. Various physical responses of the trigeminal nerve to stimuli help to defend against harmful substances. Recently, many studies have been conducted on solitary chemoreceptor cells innervated by trigeminal nerve. Most volatile organic compounds stimulate both the olfactory and trigeminal nervous systems. In general, the trigeminal nervous system is less sensitive than the olfactory nervous system. Studies have shown that sensation of the trigeminal nerve by chemical stimulation results in inhibition of olfaction. This indicates that the olfactory and trigeminal nerves interact with each other in the central nervous system. It is important to study various noxious stimuli acting on the trigeminal nerve in modern society where environmental concerns are intensifying.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.67-69
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• 2021

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is commonly characterized by abnormal function and differentiation or proliferation of monocytes. In LCH, granulomatous lesions, including langerine-positive histocytes and inflammatory infiltrates, can occur to all tissues, particularly well in the bones, skin, lungs, and pituitary gland. In case of external auditory canal LCH, conductive hearing loss may occur, and the most common symptom is otorrhea. Here we present a case that 49-year-old male with external auditory canal mass. Since no invasive findings were seen in radiologic study, endoscopic transcanal excision was performed and LCH was proven by pathologic report. We present this case of external auditory canal LCH with the review of literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.69-80
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to apply joint mobilization in a sitting position and in a prone position to patients with acute mechanical neck pain and compare the immediate treatment effects in these two positions. METHODS: After the baseline was assessed, 46 patients were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental group I ($n_1=23$) for joint mobilization in the sitting position and experimental group II ($n_2=23$) for joint mobilization in the prone position at the symptomatic cervical level. The patients in both groups received treatment by unilateral posterior-anterior gliding for 30 seconds per trial, 10 trials per session, for a total of 5 minutes, and two trials of 10 active extending motions with distraction per trial. RESULTS: In the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, all the pain and physical function variables were significantly improved after intervention in both groups (p<.05). In the Mann-Whitney U test, which compared the differences before and after the intervention between the two groups, experimental group I showed significant improvement over experimental group II in resting pain (p<.01), satisfaction with the treatment (p=.01), left rotation (p<.01) and CCFE (p<.01). In the analysis of covariance results, experimental group I showed significant improvement over experimental group II in the most painful motion pain (p<.01) and the most painful quadrant motion pain (p<.01). CONCLUSION: These outcomes suggest that joint mobilization should be applied in sitting positions for patients with acute mechanical neck pain that feel pain during sustained positions, extension or rotation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-61
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• 1985

The surgical treatment of advanced carcinomas and some benign tumors having clinically malignant behaviors of the head and neck region often require extensive resection, necessitating large flaps for reconstruction. Since the original upper arm flap was described by Tagliacozzi in 1597, a variety of technique such as random pattern local flap, axial flap, distant flap, scalping flap, myocutaneous flap, free flap etc. have been proposed for reconstruction of head, face and neck defects. Reconstruction of the facial defects usually require the use of distant tissue. Traditionally, nasal reconstruction has been carried out with a variety of forehead flaps. In recent years, there has been more acceptance of immediate repairs following the removal of these tumors. As a result, patients are more willing to undergo these extensive resections to improve their chances of cure, with the reasonable expectation that an immediate reconstruction will provide an adequate cosmetic result. Authors experienced 13 cases of head and neck tumor during last three and half years that required wide excision and immediate reconstruction with various flaps, not with primary closure or simple skin graft. We present our experience with varied flaps for reconstruction after wide resection of head and neck tumors 3 cases of defect of dorsum of nose or medial canthus with island forehead flaps, lower eyelid defect with cheek flap, cheek defect with Limberg flap, orbital floor defect with Temporalis muscle flap, lateral neck defects with Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap or Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap, subtotal nose defect with scalping flap, wide forehead defect with Dorsalis pedis free flap and 3 cases of mandibular defect or mandibular defect combined with lower lip defect were reconstructed with free vascularized iliac bone graft or free vascularized iliac bone graft concomitantly combined with free groin flap pedicled on deep circumflex iliac vessels We obtained satisfactory results coincided wi th goal of treatment of head and neck tumors, MAXIMAL CURE RATE with MINIMAL MORBIDITY, OPTIMAL FUNCTION, and an APPEARANCE as close to normal as possible.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

There have been numerous modalities to recover blink function of orbicularis oculi muscle in patients with facial paralysis. However, there is still no optimal method for reanimation of eyelid. In this study, we tried to recover blink function of paralyzed rabbit's eyelid with the ion polymer metal composite (IPMC) which is one of the electroactive polymers that is spotlighted as artificial muscle. We manufactured IPMC by plating the platinum over perfluorosulphonic acid polymer ($Nafion^{(R)}$). IPMC was coated by Norland optical adhesive for the purpose of insulation and keeping it from dry. IPMC modifications by roughening the surface of Nafion, repetitive plating (maximum 4 times) with platinum, and lengthening the width of IPMC were done. The facial paralysis was induced in the rabbit by sectioning of facial nerve at the main trunk. After minimum period of 4 weeks, IPMC was inserted in the paralyzed rabbit's eyelid. By modification, the force generated by IPMC was enhanced. Restoration of blink function in paralyzed rabbit was achieved on electrical stimulation of the IPMC by 5 voltage direct current. IPMC can be promising option for facial reanimation, but further studies are needed to enhance the efficiency of IPMC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 1997

Purpose : Radiation therapy in combination with surgery has an important role in the therapy of the head and neck cancer We conducted a prospective study for patients with head and neck cancer treated with surgery and radiation to evaluate the effect of therapies on the thyroid gland, and to identify the factors that might influence the development of hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods : From September 1986 through December 1994, 71 patients with head and cancer treated with surgery and radiation were included in this prospective study. Patients' age ranged from 32 to 73 years with a median age of 58 years. There were 12 women and 59 men. The primary tumor sites were larynx in 34 patients, hypopharynx in 13 patients, oral cavity in 12 patients, unknown primary of the neck in 6 patients, salivary gland in 3 patients, maxillary sinus in 2 patients, and oropharynx in 1 patient. Total laryngectomy with neck dissection was carried out in 45 patients and neck dissection alone in 26 patients. All patients were serially monitored for thyroid function (T3, T4, free T4, TSH, antithyroglobulin antibody and antimicrosomal antibody) before and after radiation therapy. Radiation dose to the thyroid gland ranged from 40.6Gy to 60Gy with a median dose of 50Gy The follow-up duration was 3 to 80 months. Results :The overall incidence of hypothyroidism was 56.3\%$);7 out of 71 patients $(9.9\%)$ developed clinical hypothyroidism and 33 patients $(46.4\%)$ developed subclinical hypothyroidism. No thyroid nodules, thyroid cancers, or hyperthyroidism was detected. Hypothyroidism developed earlier in patients who underwent total laryngectomy with neck dissection than in patients with neck dissection alone (P<0.05). The risk factor that significantly influenced the incidence of hypothyroidism was a combination of surgery (total laryngectomy with neck dissection) and radiation therapy (P=0.0000), Four of 26 patients $(15.4\%)$ with neck dissection alone developed hypothyroidism while 36 of 45 patients $(80\%)$ with laryngectomy and neck dissection developed hypothyroidism. Conclusion : The hypothyroidism following surgery and radiation therapy was a relatively common complication. The factor that significantly influenced theincidence of hypothyroidism was combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Evaluation of thyroid function before and after radiation therapy with periodic thyroid function tests is recommended for an early detection of hypothyroidism and thyroid hormone replacement therapy is recommended whenever hypothyroidism develops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of pain and function according to the high and low manual passive coping strategies after whiplash injury. METHODS: The study was tested with 30 patients with neck pain. Coping was measured at after 10 days using the Pain Management Inventory. Group was divided into high passive(experimental) and low passive(control) group. All patients were equally treated with the ordinary therapy. Patients attended physical therapy for 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, Pain Disability Index (PDI), neck disability index (NDI), were recorded both before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Each coping strategy group were evaluated after 6 weeks. VAS has been significantly reduced in both groups (p <.05). PDI and NDI was significantly decreased after the experiment before. In the experimental group (p <.001), the control group showed no significant difference. In the comparison between groups VAS was significantly reduced compared with the control group (p <.05), PDI and NDI was significantly reduced compared with the control group (p <.001). CONCLUSION: Low passive coping strategy predicts neck pain and disability recovery. It may be beneficial to assess and improve coping strategy early in whiplash injury.