• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.800-806
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of lumbar lordotic curve adjustment on head and neck posture in older adults. Methods Twenty healthy older participants (mean age 71.32) were photographed while watching monitor in sitting with or without lumbar roll support(length 28cm, diameter 10cm). The upper cervical angle and lower cervical angle were measured using the NIH ImageJ 1.32. Comparisons between upper and lower cervical angle with or without lumbar roll support were made using paired-t test analysis. Results Subjects demonstrated a significant difference in the mean upper and lower cervical angle. Mean difference of the upper cervical angle was about $2.83^{\circ}$ with and without lumbar roll support(p<0.005). Mean difference of the lower cervical angle was about $4.44^{\circ}$ with and without lumbar roll support(p<0.0001). Conclusions This study showed that healthy older adults demonstrated more ability to maintain an upright posture of cervical spine during lumbar lordotic curve maintenance with lumbar roll support than without lumbar roll support. When the clinicians consider improvement of the head and neck posture in older adults, they must incorporate adjustment in the lumbar region.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.159-164
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• 1993

Cystic hygroma is a special form of lymphangioma. It most often occurs in the neck of children. We observed a 14-year-old male whose chief complaint was a abnormal swelling of the right mandibular angle area. The computerized tomography showed the well-defined nonenhancing cystic mass on right submandibular gland area and anterior triangle of the neck. The histopathologic fidings exhibited the multiloculatedfluid-filled cysts, which are lined a flattened layer of endothelial cells with foci of lymphocytes found lying adjacent to the lining. After evaluation of above findings, the mass was diagnosed as a cystic hygroma in the neck.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2018

The parathyroid glands are usually located in the posterolateral area of the thyroid gland. Due to their embryologic origin, they are sometimes found in an ectopic position from the angle of the jaw to the mediastinum. However, their incidental detection in the hypopharyngeal wall is rare. Herein, we report a case of an ectopic parathyroid gland found in the hypopharyngeal wall of a 39-year old woman with no known endocrine abnormality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.123-124
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• 2017

This paper deals with the movement of the human neck bone. The neck bone is also called a cervical spine. Measure the angle of lateral flexion and rotation of the neck bone. If the measured value deviates from the normal value or is accompanied by pain, it is considered that there is an abnormality and the treatment method is suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cervical extension-traction exercise on cervical alignment, pain, and neck disability in patients with mild turtle syndrome. Methods: Thirty two outpatients with mild turtle neck syndrome were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Participants in the experimental group was applied cervical extension-traction exercise (CETE, n=16) and in the control group applied cervical stabilization exercise (CSE, n=16) for three times a week for 4 weeks. Results: Cobb angle and Jochumsen depth were CETE showed significant difference within the group post test (p<.05). And the CETE was significantly higher than the CSE. In the pressure pain threshold, both CETE and CSE showed significant differences within post test (p<.05). And the CETE was significantly higher than the CSE. Neck disability index were significant (p<.05) in the CETE post test. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results of this study showed that applying cervical extension-traction exercise to patients with mild turtle syndrome improved cervical alignment, pain and neck dysfunction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.54-57
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• 2018

Purpose: Most studies have reported pain in the head-neck and upper-limbs according to smartphone usage, which is related to the proprioception sense in the head and neck, but there have been few studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was identify the adverse effects of the proprioceptive sense in the head-neck according to smartphone usage. Methods: Twenty-seven young adults (male: 9, female: 18) were enrolled in this study. The proprioceptive sense was measured through the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck during smartphone usage for 0, 5, and 20 minutes. The Noraxon MyoMotion system was used to record the joint position angle and neutral positon in the head-neck. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to identify the differences between the three smartphone use durations and the least-squares difference was used as a post hoc test. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: The joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck were significantly different among the 0, 5, and 20 minutes of smartphone usage (p<0.05). In the post hoc test, the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error showed a significant difference between smartphone use for 0 minute and 5 minute, and between smartphone use for 0 minute and 20 minutes. Conclusion: This study suggests that smartphone use within 5 minutes can have adverse effects on the proprioceptive sense. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the appropriate use time and break time when using smart phones.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between neck pain and physical factors in female office workers. Methods : Neck pain group of 31 female subjects complained of neck and arm discomfort. Normal group of 20 female subjects had no complaints or minimal discomfort. Cervical curvature and muscle tone were assessed by whole spine x-ray, meridian-electromyography(MEMG), craniovertebral angle. Neck pain was evaluated by Neck Disability Index(NDI) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Results : The NDI score and contraction power of upper trapezius by MEMG had a relationship significantly. However, there was no relationship between NDI and cervical curvature. Conclusions : The results suggest that neck pain is related to muscle tone rather than physical stress and cervical curvature.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.337-342
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• 2021

Objective: Forward head posture can caused by deformation of structures and soft tissues around the neck, which has an uncomfortable effect on daily life as well as functional disorders of the neck. However, studies related to direct forward head posture, neck function, and quality of life have not yet been conducted. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of improving the forward head posture on the function of the neck and to examine the change in the quality of life. Design: A randomized controlled trial Methods: The participants were 41 adults (22.17±2.67 years) recruited and redivided randomly into two group (Biofeedback, BFG vs. Control). The Biofeedback group was proceeded according to the over load principle through 4 steps. (n=21). The control (n=20) was not applied after TENS padding was applied and 20 minute. This study was conducted three times a week for a total of four weeks. Results: Forward head posture for showed significant improvement in the results in the craneocervical angle (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.130, 2.858). In neck disability index more significant improvement in BFG than group (p<0.05, 95% CI: 14.346, 17.825), and BFG showed significant increased in the results in the Quality of life (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.392, 9.549) Conclusions: This study suggected that forward head posture treatment and effective for neck function and quality of life

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.209-216
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the association of the muscle activity around the neck of the operator(dental hygienists') according to the change in the patient's neck angle during a direct visual inspection on the maxillary right-side molar palatal surface. The operators were $4^{th}$ year dental hygiene students, who are future dentalhy gienists, having accurate understanding on and awareness of the location of the operation site, hand fixation, and how to use the tools. Data on the change in the muscle activity around the neck were collected by using surface electromyography and neck goniometer. SPSS statistics 20 was used for statistical analyses including Shapiro-wilk test and one-way ANOVA. As a result, the activities of the operator upper trapezius, cervical erector spinae, and levator scapulae muscles significantly decreased when the patient's head was angled compared to when it was not. For the angle of the operator head, the head bend significantly decreased when the patient's head was angled than when it was not. Based on the study results, it is expected that angling the patient's head when treating his or her teeth will decrease the excessive muscle activity around the neck of the operator, and will reduce muscle fatigue. Therefore, angling the head of the patient while treating his or her teeth is recommended. This suggests that muscle pain caused by repetitive actions in the wrong posture can be reduced.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2016

Since the head and neck region is densely located with organs at risk (OAR), OAR-sparing is an important issue in the treatment of head and neck cancers. This study-in which different treatment plans were performed varying the head tilt angle on brain tumor patients-investigates the optimal head elevation angle for sparing normal organs (e.g. the hippocampus) and further compares the dosimetric characteristics of different types of radiation equipment. we performed 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and tomotherapy on 10 patients with brain tumors in the frontal lobe while varying the head tilt angle of patients to analyze the dosimetric characteristics of different therapy methods. In each treatment plan, 95% of the tumor volume was irradiated with a dose of 40 Gy in 10 fractions. The step and shoot technique with nine beams was used for IMRT, and the same prescription dose was delivered to the tumor volume for the 3D-CRT and tomotherapy plans. The homogeneity index, conformity index, and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were calculated. At a head elevation angle of $30^{\circ}$, conformity of the isodose curve to the target increased on average by 53%, 8%, and 5.4%. In 3D-CRT, the maximum dose received by the brain stem decreased at $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, and $40^{\circ}$, compared to that observed at $0^{\circ}$. The NTCP value of the hippocampus observed in each modality was the highest at a head and neck angle of $0^{\circ}$ and the lowest at $30^{\circ}$. This study demonstrates that the elevation of the patients' head tilt angle in radiation therapy improves the target region's homogeneity of dose distribution by increasing the tumor control rate and conformity of the isodose curve to the target. Moreover, the study shows that the elevation of the head tilt angle lowers the NTCP by separating the tumor volume from the normal tissues, which helps spare OARs and reduce the delivered dose to the hippocampus.