• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.108-118
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• 2013

This study has analyzed the process of space information perceived and recognized through the estimation of observation frequency and number according to the time range of observation data acquired from observation experiment with the object of hospital lobby. The followings are the results analyzed at this study. First, the continual observation of 3 and 6 times was attentive and conscious for probing to find an object rather than for acquiring exact information and that of 9 times could be regarded as the time for acquiring visual appreciation. However, the repetitive occurrence of high and low frequencies can be thought of repetitive acts for visual appreciation. Second, the continual observation of 3 and 6 times had the highest observation frequency of II, while that of 9 times had the highest observation frequency of III. In case of 3 and 6 times, the observation frequency had the tendency to become a little higher after being low since V, and in case of 9 times it had the repetition of becoming low and high and from IX it characteristically got higher. This feature can be thought to be the process that the subject repeats the fixation and movement of observation at a visual activity for perception and recognition. In the process of first observation, the observation frequency was the highest after 20 seconds or so, but since then, it gets lower and repeatedly gets higher and lower as time passes. After 90 seconds, the frequency showed the tendency of getting higher continuously. Third, the examination of changing features of frequency may show the characteristics of exploration for and attention to space but if the observation frequency is not associated with observation times for analysis there will a limitation that the features of observation frequency cannot be clarified. Accordingly, the simultaneous analysis of both is very effective for estimating the observation characteristics seen at the processes of perception and recognition. Fourth, the general analysis of the both revealed: with the progress of observation time the discontinuous space exploration decreased, and as the observation time got longer the fixed attention to a specific spot increased. Fifth, in order to estimate the observation characteristics by the change of time range the observation frequency and times by trend line was analyzed, which approach seems to be an appropriate technique that can comprehensively show the overall flow of time series data.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.115-124
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• 2014

This study has carried out scanning tests in order to figure out the features of scanning search by sex of space users, with the result of which the validity of data has been estimated. In this research, the scanning patterns were set up for verifying the typology of scanning paths and then the reason for determining scanning paths and the validity of estimation method were reviewed. Since the observation features depends on sex, the analysis of visual activities for acquiring any information in a space will reveal the intention and purpose of space users. The findings by analyzing the features of scanning pattern by sex which were found at the determination of scanning patterns can be defined as the followings. First, for estimating the process of space-information search, the movement distance at each point of continuative-observation data from the angle of eye-movement has been extracted, on the ground of which the fixation and movement of eye have been defined for the establishment of scanning-cut characteristics. Second, the scanning times were estimated for the extraction of effective observation data that would be used for comparative analysis, which showed that men had more data (3,398.2/64.4%) than women (2,998.2/55.6%). This enables the acknowledgment that the scanning cut of men was relatively less, which indicates that men will acquire more information on space than women in the process of observing any space. Third, men's scanning times (58.0 times/2.02 seconds) were less than those of women (71.9 times/1.39 seconds) while the scanning time of the former was longer than that of the latter, which shows the feature that it takes longer for men than women in scanning while the scanning times of the former is less than those of the latter. Fourth, the observation features can be determined that the combination of this result with the predominance character by sex for a general viewpoint to be employed indicates that while men employ mixed-scanning for observation activities to acquire space-information spending for longer time, women, by concentrated-scanning, focus on a single point for shorter time or stay at one location for a considerably long time for space-information acquirement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.654-659
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• 2016

Recently, the passenger ship 'Sewol' capsized with an abrupt inclination while she was making a small angle alteration. It is very important to fully understand the concepts, causes and relevant corrections for a ship's transverse inclination, which is classified into heel, list and loll. In this study, the concept, development and calculation of loll were well considered and the actual magnitude of the angle of loll was simulated in a box-shaped model-ship experiment. The experimental values and its development according to different values of negative stability were compared with calculated values. In the results, experimental values for the angle of loll coincided closely with calculated values and the model inclined symmetrically on both port and starboard sides indicating an outstanding feature of loll. This study is expected to expand the concept of loll and help in the analysis of capsize incidents with unknown causes. Further experimental research or case studies concerning the risk of inappropriate correction for loll arising from misunderstandings will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.497-503
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• 2018

Passenger ships and training ships have a common feature in that they serve many passengers. Thus, safe navigation is very important. During normal sailing, a ship may turn using various types of steering, including maneuvers to avoid collisions with dangerous target. When a ship turns, a heeling angle occurs. If trouble arises during sailing, a dangerous heeling angle may result or a capsizing accident. In this study, the heeling angle during turning was measured through experimentation with two training ships similar to passenger ships. These findings were compared with theoretical formulas for heeling angle when turning. We confirmed that the limit of the maximum heeling angle estimation using heeling angle formula when turning presented in IMO stability criteria. In addition, it was confirmed that the maximum estimated heeling angle can be reached by applying the result calculated in the theoretical formula 1.4 times when turning right and 1.1 times when turning left to reflect sailing speed when of rudder hard over. It is expected that this study will provide basis data for establishing safe operation standards for the prevention of dangerous heeling angles when turning.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.200-209
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• 2018

This study proposed a method to select existing facilities as a landmark in order to reset accumulated errors of dead reckoning in a tunnel difficult to receive GNSS signals in automated driving. First, related standards and regulations were reviewed in order to survey 'variety' on shapes and installation locations as a feature of facilities. Second, 'recognition' on facilities was examined using image and Lidar sensors. Last, 'regularity' in terms of installation locations and intervals was surveyed through related references. The results of this study selected a fire fighting box / lamp (50m), an evacuation corridor lamp (300m), a lane control system (500m), a maximum / minimum speed limit sign and a jet fan as a candidate landmark to reset positioning errors. Based on those facilities, it was determined that error correction was possible. The results of this study are expected to be used in repositioning of automated driving vehicles in a tunnel.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.3 s.106
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• pp.383-390
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• 2006

Product-line engineering is a dreaming goal in software engineering research. Unfortunately, the current underlying technologies do not seem to be still not much matured enough to make it viable in the industry. Based on our experiences in working on mobile telephony systems over 3 years, now we are in the course of developing an approach to product-line engineering for mobile telephony system software. In this paper, the experiences are shared together with our research motivation and idea. Consequently, we propose an approach to building and maintaining telephony application logics from the perspective of scenes. As a Domain-Specific Language(DSL), Menu Navigation Viewpoint(MNV) DSL is designed to deal with the problem domain of telephony applications. The functional requirements on how a set of telephony application logics are configured can be so various depending on manufacturer, product concept, service carrier, and so on. However, there is a commonality that all of the currently used telephony application logics can be generally described from the point of user's view, with a set of functional features that can be combinatorially synthesized from typical telephony services(i.e. voice/video telephony, CBS/SMS/MMS, address book, data connection, camera/multimedia, web browsing, etc.), and their possible connectivity. MNV DSL description acts as a backbone software architecture based on which the other types of telephony application logics are placed and aligned to work together globally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2024

Despite the rapid advancement in image recognition technology, achieving perfect digitization of tabular documents and handwritten documents still challenges. The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of digitizing the logbook by correcting errors by utilizing associated rules considered during logbook entries. Through this, it is expected to enhance the accuracy and reliability of data extracted from logbook through OCR programs. This model is to improve the accuracy of digitizing the logbook of the training ship "Saenuri" at the Mokpo Maritime University by correcting errors identified after Optical Character Recognition (OCR) program recognition. The model identified and corrected errors by utilizing associated rules considered during logbook entries. To evaluate the effect of model, the data before and after correction were divided by features, and comparisons were made between the same sailing number and the same feature. Using this model, approximately 10.6% of errors out of the total estimated error rate of about 11.8% were identified, and 56 out of 123 errors were corrected. A limitation of this study is that it only focuses on information from Dist.Run to Stand Course sections of the logbook, which contain navigational information. Future research will aim to correct more information from the logbook, including weather information, to overcome this limitation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_1
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• pp.1135-1147
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• 2021

In order to geometrically correct high-resolution satellite imagery, the sensor modeling process that restores the geometric relationship between the satellite sensor and the ground surface at the image acquisition time is required. In general, high-resolution satellites provide RPC (Rational Polynomial Coefficient) information, but the vendor-provided RPC includes geometric distortion caused by the position and orientation of the satellite sensor. GCP (Ground Control Point) is generally used to correct the RPC errors. The representative method of acquiring GCP is field survey to obtain accurate ground coordinates. However, it is difficult to find the GCP in the satellite image due to the quality of the image, land cover change, relief displacement, etc. By using image maps acquired from various sensors as reference data, it is possible to automate the collection of GCP through the image matching algorithm. In this study, the RPC of KOMPSAT-3A satellite image was corrected through the extracted matching point using the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehichle) imagery. We propose a pre-porocessing method for the extraction of matching points between the UAV imagery and KOMPSAT-3A satellite image. To this end, the characteristics of matching points extracted by independently applying the SURF (Speeded-Up Robust Features) and the phase correlation, which are representative feature-based matching method and area-based matching method, respectively, were compared. The RPC adjustment parameters were calculated using the matching points extracted through each algorithm. In order to verify the performance and usability of the proposed method, it was compared with the GCP-based RPC correction result. The GCP-based method showed an improvement of correction accuracy by 2.14 pixels for the sample and 5.43 pixelsfor the line compared to the vendor-provided RPC. In the proposed method using SURF and phase correlation methods, the accuracy of sample was improved by 0.83 pixels and 1.49 pixels, and that of line wasimproved by 4.81 pixels and 5.19 pixels, respectively, compared to the vendor-provided RPC. Through the experimental results, the proposed method using the UAV imagery presented the possibility as an alternative to the GCP-based method for the RPC correction.