• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2006년도 PARALLEL CFD 2006
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• pp.311-314
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• 2006

The supersonic flow around tandem cavities was investigated by three- dimensional numerical simulations using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equation with the $\kappa-\omega$ thrbulence model. The flow around a cavity is characterized as unsteady flow because of the formation and dissipation of vortices due to the interaction between the freestream shear layer and cavity internal flow, the generation of shock and expansion waves, and the acoustic effect transmitted from wake flow to upstream. The upwind TVD scheme based on the flux vector split using van Leer's limiter was used as the numerical method. Numerical calculations were performed by the parallel processing with time discretizations carried out by the 4th-order Runge-Kutta method. The aspect ratio of cavities are 3 for the first cavity and 1 for the second cavity. The ratio of cavity interval to depth is 1. The ratio of cavity width to depth is 1 in the case of three dimensional flow. The Mach number and the Reynolds number were 1.5 and $4.5{\times}10^5$, respectively. The characteristics of the dominant frequency between two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows were compared, and the characteristics of the second cavity flow due to the fire cavity flow cavity flow was analyzed. Both two dimensional and three dimensional flow oscillations were in the 'shear layer mode', which is based on the feedback mechanism of Rossiter's formula. However, three dimensional flow was much less turbulent than two dimensional flow, depending on whether it could inflow and outflow laterally. The dominant frequencies of the two dimensional flow and three dimensional flows coincided with Rossiter's 2nd mode frequency. The another dominant frequency of the three dimensional flow corresponded to Rossiter's 1st mode frequency.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

To control the coating thickness of zinc in the process of continuous hot-dip galvanizing, it is known from early days that the gas wiping through an air knife system is the most effective because of the obtainable of uniformity of coating thickness, possibility of thin coating, working ability in high speed and simplicity of control. But, the gas wiping using in the galvanizing process brings about a problem of splashing from the strip edge for a certain high speed of coating. Also, it is known that the problem of splashing directly depends upon the galvanizing speed and nozzle stagnation pressure. In theses connections, in the present study, we proposed two kinds of air knife systems having the same expansion rate of nozzle, and the jet structures and coating thicknesses from a conventional and new proposed nozzles are compared. In numerical analysis, the governing equations consisted of two-dimensional time dependent Navier-Stokes equations, standard k-e turbulence model to solve turbulence stress and so on are employed. As a result, it is found that it had better to use the constant rate nozzle from the point view of the energy saving to obtain the same coating thickness. Also, to enhance the cutting ability at the strip, it is advisable to use an air knife with the constant expansion rate nozzle.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1738-1746
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• 2002

In the FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction) problems, two different governing equations are to be solved together. One is fur the fluid and the other for the structure. Furthermore, a kinematic constraint should be imposed along the boundary between the fluid and the structure. We use the combined formulation, which incorporates both the fluid and structure equations of motion into a single coupled variational equation so that it is not necessary to calculate the fluid force on the surface of structure explicitly when solving the equations of motion of the structure. A two-dimensional channel flow divided by a Bernoulli-Euler beam is considered and the dynamic response of the beam under the influence of channel flow is studied. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a P2P1 Galerkin finite element method with ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian) algorithm. The internal structural damping effect is not considered in this study and numerical results are compared with a previous work fer steady case. In addition to the Reynolds number, two non-dimensional parameters, which govern this fluid-structure system, are proposed. It is found that the larger the dynamic viscosity and density of the fluid are, the larger the damping of the beam is. Also, the added mass is found to be linearly proportional to the density of the fluid.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2010

This study investigates a design optimization of a rotating two-pass rectangular cooling channel with staggered arrays of pin-fins. The radial basis neural network method is used as an optimization technique with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer with shear stress transport turbulent model. The ratio of the diameter to height of the pin-fins and the ratio of the streamwise spacing between the pin-fins to height of the pin-fin are selected as design variables. The optimization problem has been defined as a minimization of the objective function, which is defined as a linear combination of heat transfer related term and friction loss related term with a weighting factor. Results are presented for streamlines, velocity vector fields, and contours of Nusselt numbers, friction coefficients, and turbulent kinetic energy. These results show how fluid flow in a two-pass square cooling channel evolves a converted secondary flows due to Coriolis force, staggered arrays of pin-fins, and a $180^{\circ}$ turn region. These results describe how the fluid flow affects surface heat transfer. The Coriolis force induces heat transfer discrepancy between leading and trailing surfaces, having higher Nusselt number on the leading surface in the second pass while having lower Nusselt number on the trailing surface. Dean vortices generated in $180^{\circ}$ turn region augment heat transfer in the turning region and in the upstream region of the second pass. As the result of optimization, in comparison with the reference geometry, thermal performance of the optimum geometry shows the improvement by 30.5%. Through the optimization, the diameter of pin-fin increased by 14.9% and the streamwise distance between pin-fins increased by 32.1%. And, the value of objective function decreased by 18.1%.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2007

이어도에 건설된 다목적 해양과학기지에서는 주위 대류 및 해류의 데이터 수집을 통해 기상, 어장예보 등의 기초 자료를 제공하는 것을 한 가지 목적으로 한다. 그런데 이어도 기지 구조물에 의한 해수 유동의 변화는 과학기지의 관측 데이터에 영향을 주어 정확한 자료 수집을 어렵게 하므로, 이어도 기지 구조물이 주위 유동에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 유동 정보 관측을 평가/보정하는 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위한 기초연구로, 해류와 구조물 사이의 상호 작용을 모사 할 수 있는 알고리즘을 연구, 적용방법을 논의한다. 그 결과, 3차원 전산유체역학을 이용한 수치해석을 통해 이어도 기지 구조물 및 수중암초가 주위 유동에 미치는 영향을 연구하고 정확한 데이터 측정방법을 제안한다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

2차원 비정상의 RANS 방정식을 이용하여 피치가 고정된 3개 혹은 4개의 날개(hydrofoil)를 가지는 조류발전용 수직축 터빈주위의 비정상 유동장 해석을 수행하였다. 상용수치해석코드인 Fluent를 이용하여, 균일류에 놓인 $NACA65_3$-018날개에 대하여 받음각(angle of attack)의 변화를 주며 계산되는 유체력을 실험값과 비교하였고, 이를 바탕으로 대표적인 수직축 조류발전 터빈의 특성을 2차원적으로 고찰하였다. 사용된 수치해법은 대상 유동을 효과적으로 모사할 수 있음을 확인 하였고, 터빈의 최적 효율은 날개수 및 유속 대비 회전수 등의 적절한 조합으로 실현 될 수 있음을 파악하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2017

In sliding bearings, viscous friction due to high shear acting on the bearing surface raises the oil temperature. One of the mechanisms responsible for generating the load-carrying capacity in parallel surfaces is known as the viscosity wedge effect. In this paper, we investigate the effect of film-temperature boundary conditions on the thermohydrodynamic (THD) lubrication of parallel slider bearings. For this purpose, the continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equation, and the energy equation with temperature-viscosity-density relations are numerically analyzed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT. Two different film-temperature boundary conditions are adopted to investigate the pressure generation mechanism. The temperature and viscosity distributions in the film thickness and flow directions were obtained, and the factors related to the pressure generation in the equation of motion were examined in detail. It was confirmed that the temperature gradients in the film and flow directions contribute heavily to the thermal wedge effect, due to which parallel slider bearing can not only support a considerable load but also reduce the frictional force, and its effect is significantly changed with the film-temperature boundary conditions. The present results can be used as basic data for THD analysis of surface-textured sliding bearings; however, further studies on various film-temperature boundary conditions are required.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2016

시간에 따라 질량이 감소하는 낙하산 시스템의 궤적 및 낙하 시간 분석은 정밀한 투하가 요구되는 임무에 중요하므로 그 필요성이 더 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 질량 변동 물체인 조명탄을 투하하기 위한 십자형 낙하산 시스템의 동적 거동을 분석하는 연구를 수행하였다. 낙하산 시스템의 궤적을 분석하기 위해 유도된 상미분 형태의 운동방정식 시스템을 Runge-Kutta 수치기법을 적용하여 해석하였다. 그리고 동역학 방정식의 핵심적 입력정보인 십자형 낙하산과 조명탄의 항력 계수를 예측하기 위해 전산유체역학 해석을 수행하였다. 마지막으로 단순화된 대기교란 모델을 적용하여 풍향, 풍속에 따라 달라지는 낙하산 시스템 거동의 차이를 분석하였다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2012

One of commonly physical phenomena encountered in pump sump systems in which its significant influence to the hydraulic performance of pump system plays an important role in the field of fluid engineering, is the appearance of free surface and submerged vortices. In this paper, a study of the vortices behavior and their formative mechanism of asymmetry is considered in this paper by using numerical approach. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and k-omega Shear Stress Transport turbulence model used to describe the properties of turbulent flows, in company with VOF multiphase model, are implemented by Fluent code with multi-block structured grid system. In the numerical simulation, the calculated elevation of air-water interface and vortex core contours are used to classify visually surface vortices as well as submerged vortices. It is shown that the free surface vortex is identified by the concavity of liquid region from the free surface and swirling flow at that own plane. To investigate the distinctive behavior of these vortices corresponding to each given flow rate at the same water level, some numerical testing of them are considered here in such a manner that the flow pattern of surface vortex are obtained similarly to the obtained results from experiment. Furthermore, the influence due to the change of grid refinement and the variation of depth of the concavity are also considered in this paper. From that, these influential factors will be implemented to design a good pump sump with higher performance in the future.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

A multi-objective optimization of a regenerative fan for enhancing the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance was carried out using an integrated fan design system, namely, Total FAN-Regen$^{(R)}$. The Total FAN-Regen$^{(R)}$ was developed for non-specialists to carry out a series of design process, viz., computational preliminary design, three-dimensional aerodynamic and aeroacoustic analyses, and design optimization, for a regenerative fan. An aerodynamic analysis of the regenerative fan was conducted by solving three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using the shear stress transport turbulence model. And, an aeroacoustic analysis of the regenerative fan was implemented in a finite/infinite element method by solving the variational formulation of Lighthill's analogy based on the results of the unsteady flow analysis. An optimum shape obtained by Total FAN-Regen$^{(R)}$ shows the enhanced efficiency and decreased sound pressure level as much as 1.5 % and 20.0 dB, respectively, compared to those of the reference design. The performance test was carried out for an optimized regenerative fan to validate the performance of the numerically predicted optimal design.