• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of environment-friendliness of waterproof materials based on comprehensive experiments on waterproofness in terms of coefficients of permeability, harmfulness of waterproof materials and fish toxicity of Oryzias latipes mortality to verify eco-toxicity of each method of construction and waterproof material, which are to be applied by taking eco-toxicity into account when building ecological flows in upper areas on natural and artificial grounds. As a result, the following conclusions have been reached in this study: 1. In regard of the harmfulness analyzed, each material showed a different result of analytical value in each lab tank. Compared to input water, pH, COD, SS, T-P, and T-N values increased a little, but DO value decreased. The value of turbidity analyzed independent of the water quality standard of aquatic ecosystem set forth by the Ministry of Environment increased a little compared to the value in input water. 2. In the experiment of fish toxicity, compacted quicklime, cement fluid waterproof material, cement mortar waterproof material and bentonite powder were found to have 100% of fish mortality, respectively, and membrane waterproof material showed 83.3% of mortality, indicating strong fish toxicity. Improved asphalt sheet (63.3%) and synthetic rubber sheet (53.3%) were analyzed to have medium fish toxicity, while bentonite sheet (6.7%), Hwang-toh (6.7%) and clay (3.3%) showed relatively lower mortality and fish toxicity. 3. Regarding the analysis on waterproofness in terms of the coefficient of permeability of each waterproof material, improved asphalt sheet, synthetic rubber sheet, membrane waterproof material, cement fluid and mortar waterproof material and bentonite sheet were found impervious in case no leakage takes place in construction. Bentonite powder was found practically impervious based on the analytical results from the experiment done in compliance with weight ratios. So were the clay and Hwang-toh from the experimental results. To sum up such results as found in the experiment mentioned so far, the values of harmfulness and waterproofness analyzed were different in each lab tank, but there was absolutely little correlation with the mortality gained from the experiment on fish toxicity. In the experiment of fish toxicity, environment-friendly waterproof materials were analyzed, and it was found that clay, Hwang-toh and bentonite sheet are highly environment-friendly. In contrast, synthetic rubber and improved asphalt sheets were found to have medium-level environment-friendliness. Also, membrane water-proof materials, compacted quicklime, cement fluid and mortar waterproof material and bentonite powder were analyzed to have low environment-friendliness.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.1169-1174
• /
• 2000

Human-compute interface (HCl) should be designed with ease and flexibility for users for providing convenience and friendliness to users. The natural language processing is one of the aspects of HCl. This paper presents the method of design and implementation of SENKOV( Semantic Networks for Korean Verbs) System, which deals with isa hierarchies of Korean verbs for the natural language processing. The system's architecture is based on the differential theory and Levin verb classes. This paper selects about 600 Korean verbs which are commonly used in the daily life, and implements the SENKOV System. The experiments show that SENKOV has 44 top nodes and depth of about 2.35. In addition this paper applied the SENKOV System to co-occurrence constraint relationship among a adverbs and verbs, and proves the validity of the system. This paper is important in that it has made the first trial to classify Korean verb concept for HCl.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.1280-1292
• /
• 2009

In the current fashion design, the 'environmental friendliness' affects the practically and conceptuality in all industry and culture sectors. This study seeks to examine specific design elements as the content of design factors in environment oriented fashion. The subjects of this paper are studied through scholarly journals that are confined to those from 1990 (when naturalism and ecology trends started to be in fashion) to February 2009. This study used 'Naturalism', 'Green', 'Environment-friendly', 'Eco', 'Sustainable', 'Well-being' and 'Lohas' as key words for the literature search. The analysis is performed through a content analysis and the unit of analysis is based upon the adjectives, nouns, and phrases related to the content of the design elements such as line, color, and textiles. In the results, more expression is natural, minimal, transformable, and sportive style in line, YR, white, soft, pale, and dull tone in color. The prominent textiles and texture were natural fabrics, environment-friendly fabrics, recycled fabrics, natural dyeing, functional finishes, rustic surfaces, flexibility, and extensibility. The results of this paper will help in future fashion design product development for environment-friendly fashion brands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.52-61
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the children's different responses on the playground and facilities by the materials. For the study, the overall satisfaction on the playgrounds, the visiting frequency, the staying time, and olfactory and tactile responses were collected and analyzed by the materials. The materials for the playing facilities were categorized into 3 different groups ; steel, regular form wood and natural wood. The each group was also estimated and analyzed through the SD (sematic differential) scale which consisted of landscape adjectives. According the results, children liked and most highly scored the playground and playing facilities with natural wood in every items; overall satisfaction, visiting frequency, the staying time, and olfactory and tactile. On the other hand, the steel facilities were most negatively assessed in almost every items. Especially children felt the steel facilities were not environmentally friendly and very boring, comparing to the others. However, only 6 cases were analyzed in this study, because there were few playgrounds with natural wood facilities, so it is necessary to research on more cases to generalize these results.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.75-89
• /
• 2013

In 2000s, the interest of ROHAS has been increased and the environmental problem has begun to be discussed as the environmental and global value, not the individual perspective. And the standard of value for eco-friendly awareness has been expanded to the economic category. The trend of eco-friendly fabric can be divided into 3 periods depending on the property. The period for natural fabric with visual effects(2002~2004) can be summarized as the creation of natural shape using the natural image, the interaction of cotton and the technology from the visual perspective. In the period of functional conjunction with eco-friendliness and technology(2005~2008), the eco-friendly awareness through the conjunction of technology and nature and the re-cycling, and the responsibility to the environment had been increased. In the period of sustainable development for nature and environment(2009~2011), it showed the conjunction with nature and the integration with technology and eco-friendly issues. Therefore, the characteristic of eco-friendly trend in fabric since 2000 can be said; firstly, the high-quality fabric has been developed with technological development for the functional progress. Secondly, the ethical creativity has been displayed with the development and utilization of eco-friendly recycling materials. Thirdly, the materials reflected with eco-friendly issues have emerged.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.34 no.12
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2018

The purpose of healthcare facility should be user healing and health promotion. However, healthcare facilities have a bigger impact on the natural environment than the general buildings, eventually effecting the health of people globally. 'Environmentally friendliness' is a more important concept in hospitals, not just in technical or mechanical performance but in therapeutic effects on users. Therapeutic environment is closely related to the natural environment. Depending on how the natural environment is drawn into the space, the healing effect of the patients is also increased. Most of the previous studies are statistical and comparative researches that cannot provide theoretical basis of architectural planning. Therefore, architectural research on the composition of architectural space and nature is needed. In this study, we categorize 16 types of relation between architectural space and nature, and based on this, analyze the present situation of 7 regional public hospitals' 33 spaces, and provide theoretical background and guideline for therapeutic space.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.77-94
• /
• 2011

It is not clear to assume the history of dyeing by persimmon juice without an early knowledge of an accurate record. However, the beginning of persimmon dyeing in Korea is estimated to be around the $13^th$-$14^th$ century, even though there are no supporting records. On the other hand, there are definite records of persimmon dyeing in Japan from around the 17th century. Persimmon juice was originally used for fishing tools in both Korea and Japan, but upon entering the Modern Era it eventually transfigured into a dye for fabric. In Korea, persimmon-dyed fabrics were used for traditional clothing until it also became a popular choice for modern clothes in the 1990s. In Japan, persimmon juice was originally used for varnishing surfaces of household items, but it recently became a material for arts, crafts, and even apparels. The main difference between persimmon dyeing of the two countries is the presence and absence of the fermentation process. In Korea, persimmons are picked and water is immediately added to its juice to produce the dye. In contrast, Japan produces a fermented persimmon dye. As a result, in Korea the dye can not be preserved for long periods, whilst in Japan it is matured in the storage for 2-3 years. Today's pursuit of eco-friendliness and wellness has prompted an inclination towards natural material clothes. Therefore, it is necessary for both countries to push scientific research into improving the storage methods and colorfastness of persimmon-dyed products for the increase of use consumption in other areas of persimmon and arrowroot dyed fabrics, and the development of environment friendly materials.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.18 no.3 s.28
• /
• pp.45-58
• /
• 2005

The Purpose of this study is to help children practice environmentally friendliness by promoting Personalized Environment. Therefore, implemented the project 'Environment' that included natural and social environment in the area that had high potential energy for environmental education, it was explored how the project affects the personalized environment of students. The project 'Environment' was implemented, usually focused on field trips. 35 study subjects were selected from 2 classes in D elementary school in D city The study was conducted from march 2004 to November 2004. Research material was collected from participant observation, in-depth interview, products from teaching-learning process, diary, and video record Ethnographic research was used. Study data were analyzed 3 times. 1st analysis was needed to collect data related to students' senses of and interests in environment, and to shape the framework related to the theme. End analysis was used to categorize the main factors such as knowledge understanding, function, value attitude, action, which all affect the personalized environment of students. In 3rd analysis, it was examined what affected the personalized environment of children and the related factors were logically, objectively inferred and analyzed. The results of the study were as follows: First, the project 'Environment' developed children's knowledge and understanding about environment. Second, the children formed proper values and attitudes towards environment. Third, the children came to develop their learning abilities on environment. Fourth, the children came to have environmentally friendliness in everyday lives. Consequently, the project 'Environment' helped children to have Personalized Environment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.70-82
• /
• 2016

The playgrounds installed in the city try a variety of changes in play equipment more than traditional playgrounds, these playgrounds with formal rides are still different from nature friendly playground. For this reason, when in 2014 the department of environment pushed forward 'Aitteulag' project constructing ecological playground, the department aimed to provide the natural ecological spaces that are insufficient in the city and act as play space for children, leisure and community space for residents. Therefore, after inspecting 10 ecological playgrounds in Europe and Japan, in this study we suggested the construction guidelines of ideal ecological playground by comparing and analyzing these cases. We checked the environment-friendliness of these playgrounds in the 2 fields (playground component, ecological program) based on the ecological playground guidelines presented by the ministry of environment. The playground components are classified as siting location, spatial configurations, natural elements, play area, amusement facilities, play materials, open spaces, additional facilities. The ecological programs are divided into habitat, species, natural material, five senses. The following is the summary of the results about the reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. In terms of "habitat": bush and shade wood were highest at 95%. In terms of "species": local indigene(100%) and habitat for insects(95%) were higher than others. In terms of "natural material": wood(61.1%) was the highest. In terms of "details of wood(61.1%)": wood fence (95%), exploring wood and using sticks(85%) were higher than others. In terms of "five senses": hearing (32.1%), tactile(26.4%), and visual(23.9%) were in order. Therefore, on the basis of these results, this study proposed the planning factors that should be considered and complemented more in the construction of domestic urban ecological playground in future.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.385-396
• /
• 2013

National park, as a natural park, has a dual purpose, to promote both protection and enjoyment. The educational activities of the national park can be partly understood as one of the appropriate means to balance its double purposes. This study provides a review of environmental education in the US National Parks according to social transition. Taking historical perspective and case studies, environmental education has played roles in helping the balance between preservation and enjoyment. Since the environmental movement, environmental education goals, particularly understanding the natural processes observable at national parks, has become more a part of the interpretation and education missions of the parks. Also non-governmental and non-profit partners have played important educational-based roles in support of both the National Parks Service and environmental education goals. The two different models also differ in the public's perception of them. Federal employees are resented in some rural areas in the U.S., but the general population automatically attributes authority, friendliness, and national-interestedness to NPS Rangers. This may in turn limit how strongly such staff could serve as strong advocates for the environment. On the other hand, the non-profit may be seen by some as strongly liberally biased and associated with urban wealth. It is also not as universally recognized as the NPS. It can, however, go far to develop new partnerships and undertake public relations. Non-profits vary greatly in quality, also affecting public perception.