• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Turkey is a transcontinental country located partly in Asia and partly in Europe, and hosted by diverse civilizations including Hittite, Urartu, Lydia, Phrygia, Pontius, Byzantine, Seljuk's and Ottomans. At various times, these built many historic monuments representing the most significant characteristics of their civilizations. Today, these monuments contribute enormously to the esthetic beauty of environment and important to many cities of Turkey in attracting tourism. The survival of these monuments depends on the investigation of structural behavior and implementation of needed repairing and/or strengthening applications. Hence, many countries have made deeper investigations and regulations to assess their monuments' structural behavior. This paper presents the dynamic behavior investigation of a monumental masonry mosque, the "İskenderpaşa Mosque" in Trabzon (Turkey), by performing an experimental examination with non-destructive testing. The dynamic behavior investigation was carried out by determining the dynamic characteristic called as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. The experimental dynamic characteristics were extracted by Operational Modal Analysis (OMA). In addition, Finite Element (FE) model of masonry mosque was constructed in ANSYS software and the numerical dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies and mode shapes were also obtained and compared to experimental ones. The paper aims at presenting the non-destructive testing procedure of a masonry mosque as well as the comparison of experimental and numerical dynamic characteristics obtained from the mosque.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.28-39
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• 2003

This study was carried out to elucidate effective restoration measures for natural forest with recycling native tree un site from November 2001 to October 2002 to obtain a basic information for revegetation measure, eight experimental treatment was done and the length of stump, root-ball size of stump, antisepsis treatment of trunk cut, Planting season and contents of organic matter in soil were effective on regrowth of root-stock. Thirteen tree species including Quercus acutissima among twenty tree species showed outstanding sprout and survival rate(over 90 percent), Planting in November and combinated planting with 5 trees and 9 shrubs of root-stock per 100$m^2$ plot showed a good growth. And 10 percent of organic matter plot showed a good crown coverage.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

Gamcheon village was a poor village in the past, but it recently has boomed as a representative tourists' attraction in the region. Its unique topography and history have played a significant role in the town's growth as a famous tourists' attraction. The factors contributed decisively to the formation of a special spatial structure there. In the process of the town's rapid development as a tourists' destination, however, the tourism overflowed. As such, the interests of the residents and the tourists conflicted, and the segregation between the two has augmented. These gaps seem to have enormously distorted the perception of the spaces as much as they have seriously distracted the existing traffic circulations in the village. The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in spatial perception of both residents and tourists in the Gamcheon village. For the purpose, it assumes the residents' natural movements and the tourists' purposeful movements, and they are analyzed by the space syntax. The major findings are that the circulations of the residents and the tourists in the village are clearly separated and that the two groups perceive the same space completely differently. This confirms the fact that even the same space could be recognized and used in a totally different way depending on the users' purposes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.127-132
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• 2007

Geomancy(風水, Fengshui in Chinese) is a geographic idea of the Orient that studies a piece of land(a site) to pursue the healthier and more comfortable life for people seeking a harmony with nature, and also, a practical science. Among the theoretical systems of the traditional geomancy handed down by the scriptures, the compass school(理氣論) makes researches into mountains, winds, the currents and amount of water circulation by using luo-pan(羅盤) for finding spot(穴), and it has been considered that it is the objective and logical analysis system of natural environment of selecting a good site by dividing the vitality of the ground into 12 levels of natural circulation principles and judging its direction by means of 88-direction method. In this context, researcher optimized the logic of 88-direction method by the 12-circulation system(胞胎法) of the compass school on the basis of directional theory, then after, using GIS analytical tool, researcher performed comparative analysis between the results from land suitability analysis of the subject site and the resulting value of the directional method in geomancy. The results therefrom indicated that more flexible directions and site could be chosen by applying 88-direction method. For the future research, it is required to apply wider variety of variables to the field study and more careful review of the case study with a focus on the 88-directiont method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.218-218
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• 2019

Jeju island has an area of $1,810km^2$ and is considered the largest island in South Korea. In Jeju Island the average annual precipitation is 1,957mm. About 54% of precipitation is estimated to be lost due to evapo-transpiration and direct runoff, and the remainder is recharged. Historically springs and puddles were the island's primary sources of water. However, after 1970 all sectors, including the urban and industrial sectors depended solely on groundwater as their water resource. As vast amount of water is being recharged the Island has many springs, especially near the coastlines. Historlcally, spring of Jeju Island formed village and make it possible to continue a life. Also it produces many values such as the spring related story, culture, tourism and ecosystems. Especially, the naturally rare phenomenon that about 900 springs appear over the whole area of Jeju Island makes it possible to call it as a natural heritage. As a result of this most springs have either been destroyed or been in the state of neglect. In some cases it has been observed that springs were preserved by nature, however majority of the cases saw springs losing their own nature as a result of abandonment. It was recorded that there were 911 springs in Jeju Island with most of them being distributed along the coast, which consequently increases their susceptibility to seawater intrusion. The objective of this study is therefore to analyze Eco-cultural and Engineering characteristics about springs in the island, highlighting its past utilization and reestablishing its potential as a source of spring.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 2021

This paper conducted a survey of residents and public officials for the projects to make smart-city plans of Geumsan-gun. In introduction, several domestic and foreign cases related to smart-city projects were Investigated. To initiate the smart-city project of Geumsan-gun, the local status of Geumsan-gun was investigated regarding various aspects of natural, social, urban environment and smart-city facilities. The results of this survey are as follows: Overall, more than half of survey respondents said they had satisfaction of their housing quality. Several problems in their residence areas, such as insufficient welfare systems, shortage of parking spaces, industrial infrastructure, were reported. Meanwhile, the survey result indicated that tourism and leisure facilities, health care support systems, industries promote the economy and job market of the area. An interview with public official is also important to select the relevant meaningful projects and regional issues. Three models for each spatial unit were proposed in Geumsan-gun based on the natural, agricultural, and geographical environment. In result, the three smart-city models are categorized as urban type(large area), complex city type(medium area), and smart village type(small area)

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.137-166
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• 2020

While South Koreans overseas travelling rate has been increased every year, domestic travelling rate has been at a standstill for several years. The purpose of this study is to analyze domestic traveling styles of Koreans according to their generations in order to provide generation-specific traveling services. For this purpose, we categorized the survey respondents into four different generations, which are Millennium (age 19~34), X generation (35~54), Baby Boomer (55~64) and senior by following the criterions of the Korea National Tourism Organization. After then, we analyze factors related to travel preparation process, the actual traveling activities and satisfaction after the travel. In this study, 16,713 data collected by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism are used. The results of this study show that Korean people tends to acquire domestic traveling information from their own or acquaintances past experiences. Also, they do not prefer the organized trip for domestic travels, thus do not buy package products a lot. In addition, natural scenery, rich in cultural heritage, and convenient accommodation are the most important determinant factors affecting the overall travel satisfaction of level for all generations. The traveling characteristics for each generation are as follows. Millennium get traveling information from the internet a lot, and more specifically, they refer portal sites and social network services (SNS) in many cases. Also, they tend to travel in summer peak season to popular destinations and pursues active traveling experiences. Generation X has similar traveling patterns with Millennium, however they major transportation method is using their own car. Also, transportation convenience and satisfactory leisure activity are important factors affecting the overall satisfaction level to Generation X. On the other hand, Baby boomer generation has a greater emphasis on appreciation of nature, visiting famous restaurants, and relaxation, rather than actively participating experiencing programs. They travel evenly in summer and spring/fall season to many different areas instead of focusing on popular tourist spots. In addition, shopping and eating delicious food are the important factors affecting the overall satisfaction level for them. Lastly, Senior generation has similar characteristics with Baby boomer in many ways, however, they travel a lot on the same day using public transportations or car rental service. They prefer spring and autumn trips rather than summer peak season, and tend to buy packaged travel products a lot compared with other generations. If these different traveling characteristics of each generation are considered for organizing and customizing tourism services, it is expected that domestic tourism satisfaction level will be ultimately increased.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.123-135
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• 1998

Cooperative scientific research in Antarctic has been successful since the International Geophysical Year 1957/1958. Presently, 43 nations have joined the Antarctic Treaty as consultative parties or acceding states, and other treaties and agreements have evolved to conserve the integrity and to manage the resources of the Antarctic ecosystem. Although yet to be designated, tourism areas in Antarctica are under consideration. Due to its remoteness and vast magnitude, Antarctica's science is slowly emerging. Satellite technology has enabled observation of the progression of the ozone hole above Antarctica. Mineral exploitation has yet to take place, as has the transport of Antarctic icebergs to some arid nations. On the other hand, both seal and whale exploitations have occurred, devastating these populations. The lessons learned from past human greed are used to design krill and squid fisheries, though the life histories of these organisms are yet to be adequately understood. An ecosystem approach to managing Antarctic resource exploitation is essential. Procuring the needed logistics to do so is daunting, requiring the highest degree of international cooperation and educational outreach to nurture the needed effective scientific and engineering talent, both natural and social.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop the national park visitor counting system using the ubiquitous sensor network. This system is composed of a sensor node, sink node, gateways, CDMA module, server, and clients. The results of the study were: 1) stable data transmission distance was possible within 100 meters between sensor nodes, 2) the developed counting sensor system showed a network communication stability level of 88.3 percent in 1.2m wide trails. When installed in concentrate use areas or forks of national parks, the visitor counting system will not only contribute to provide reliable visitor counting, but also to improve the quality of national park visitor service, to manage park facilities and natural resources more efficiently, to achieve an information oriented national park system.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.7
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• pp.289-313
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• 1997

The value of 21 century travel originnate from increasing hate about environment pollution and contirmation of quality of life. Therefore the role of travel industry will developo into travel industry that travel information and knowledge unite with service under computer Reservation system out of basic travel work(counsel, agency, mediation, service, sale) So, a view of the travel industry that it is as following. 1. Operrating CRS of travel industry. 2. Constantly development of travel product and service. 2. Constantly development of travel product and service. 3. Pursuide to humanity and nature 4. Travel for keeping natural environment. 5. Establishment of new travel law. In conclusion, we certity our lappiness through travel and create new travel culture.