• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2015

The occurrence of wild boars (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) and reports of wildlife-vehicle conflicts (i.e., road-kill) involving them have increased in natural forest regions of Korea. In the past few decades, many wildlife passages have been constructed to reduce vehicle collisions involving wildlife species. However, few studies have assessed the habitat suitability of target wildlife species when locating the construction sites of wildlife passages. Target species rarely use wildlife passages if built in an inappropriate location. Therefore, a quantitative habitat model is required to find suitable sites for wildlife passages that can connect the fragmented forest patches of wildlife habitats in Korea. In this study, the wild boar was selected as the target species, and six environmental variables (percentage of Quercus forest, slope aspect, distance to roads, water accessibility, forest stand age and density) were measured. The habitat model for wild boars was developed with a Delphi survey, and habitat suitability maps were delineated for the provinces of Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do. In this study, 298 and 64 boars were observed in Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do, respectively. Observations of wild boars derived from the second nationwide natural environmental survey were used to evaluate the habitat model. Habitat suitability maps that superimposed existing road networks suggested that wild boar habitats were severely fragmented in both provinces, particularly in Gangwon-do. To connect the fragmented habitats and prevent wildlife-vehicle collisions, this study proposes 11 and 5 wildlife passage sites in Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do, respectively.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.207-218
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• 2023

Real-time monitoring of the behavior of reinforced soil retaining wall (RSW) is required for safety checks. In this study, a targetless displacement measurement technology (TDMT) consisting of an image registration module and a displacement calculation module was proposed to monitor the behavior of RSW, in which facing displacement and settlement typically occur. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to compare the measuring performance of natural target (NT) with the performance of artificial target (AT). Feature count- and location-based performance metrics and displacement calculation performance were analyzed to determine their correlations. The results of laboratory and field experiments showed that the feature location-based performance metric was more relevant to the displacement calculation performance than the feature count-based performance metric. The mean relative errors of the TDMT were less than 1.69 % and 5.50 % for the laboratory and field experiments, respectively. The proposed TDMT can accurately monitor the behavior of RSW for real-time safety checks.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2018

Recurrence is a serious problem in patients with bladder cancer. The hypothesis for recurrence was that the proliferation of drug-resistant cells was reported, and this study focused on drug resistance due to drug efflux. Previous studies have identified FOXM1 as the key gene for recurrence. We found that FOXM1 inhibition decreased drug efflux activity and increased sensitivity to Doxorubicin. Therefore, we examined whether the expression of ABC transporter gene related to drug efflux is regulated by FOXM1. As a result, ABCG2, one of the genes involved in drug efflux, has been identified as a new target for FOXM1. We also demonstrated direct transcriptional regulation of ABCG2 by FOXM1 using ChIP assay. Consequently, in the presence of the drug, FOXM1 is proposed to directly activate ABCG2 to increase the drug efflux activation and drug resistance, thereby involving chemoresistance of bladder cancer cells. Therefore, we suggest that FOXM1 and ABCG2 may be useful targets and important parameters in the treatment of bladder cancer.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.325-329
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• 2016

Extracting natural dyes have been widely studied since the needs of eco-friendly and non-toxic natural dyes increased. In this paper, the natural dyes were extracted from sappan wood, gardenia, and mugwort containing brazilein, crocin, and chlorophyll process. After the extraction with variables of pH of solvent and reaction time, the chromaticity of extracted natural dyes was analyzed using quantitative values from brightness and color coordinate (L, a, b) based on the target colors of red, yellow and green. For the case of brazilein and crocin, the cadmium red and cadmium yellow, respectively were extracted. In the case of sappan wood and gardenia, the red pigment under pH 12 (${\Delta}$ = 18.2) and the yellow pigment at pH 9 (${\Delta}$ = 18.4) were extracted respectively. However, the color of extracted chlorophyll from mugwort was different from the target chrome green.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.585-591
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• 2014

The ${\beta}_2$ adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is a G protein-coupled transmembrane receptor expressed in the human respiratory tract and widely recognized as a pharmacological target for treatments of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Although a number of ADRB2 agonists have been developed for use in asthma therapy, indacaterol is the only ultra-long-acting inhaled ${\beta}_2$-agonist (LABA) approved by the FDA for relieving the symptoms in COPD patients. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacological effect of indacaterol, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that ${\beta}$-arrestin-2 mediates the internalization of ADRB2 following indacaterol treatment. Moreover, we demonstrate that indacaterol significantly inhibits tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activity by reducing levels of both phosphorylated-IKK and -$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, thereby decreasing NF-${\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation and the expression of MMP-9, an NF-${\kappa}B$ target gene. Subsequently, we show that indacaterol significantly inhibits TNF-${\alpha}$/NF-${\kappa}B$-induced cell invasiveness and migration in a human cancer cell line. In conclusion, we propose that indacaterol may inhibit NF-${\kappa}B$ activity in a ${\beta}$-arrestin2-dependent manner, preventing further lung damage and improving lung function in COPD patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2013

The aim of this research is clarify the relationship between concept understanding degree about the environment and environmental sensitivity and heighten understanding of environmental education target to pre-service elementary teacher. The subjects of this study are science education intensive course 65 students of B educational university. Concept understanding degree about the environment was separately investigated by 'the definition of environmental education', 'Write The positive concept of the natural environment education and briefly describe.''The negative concept of the natural environment education and briefly describe'. Next clarify the relationship between concept understanding degree about the environment and environmental sensitivity target to pre-service elementary teacher. Based on these results, propose an alternative to cultivate pre-service elementary teacher's knowledge about environmental education. Degree of understanding of the concept environmental education research results are as follows. First, Cognition degree about definition of environmental education of pre-service elementary teacher is correctly recognized generally. Second, They do not think deeply about natural environment when it comes to the positive concept of the natural environment of pre-service elementary teacher. Third, They have only a little interest in natural environment when it comes to the negative concept of the natural environment of pre-service elementary teacher. Correlation research results of degree of understanding of the concept of environmental and environmental sensitivity are as follows. High understanding degree of environmental education is high environmental sensitivity. Heighten environmental sensitivity of pre-service elementary teacher will be sustainable environmental education so education is necessary for environmental Sensitivity training.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.367-374
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• 2000

This study investigates the effect of hysteretic characteristics to the Inelastic Demand Spectrum (IDS) which was expressed by an acceleration(Sa) and a displacement response spectrum (Sd). Elasto Perfectly Plastic(EPP) model is used in this study and inelastic demand spectrum (Sa vs, Sd) are obtained from a given target ductility ratio. For a given target ductility ratio IDS can be obtained by using nonlinear time history analysis of single degree of system with forth five recorded earthquake ground motions for stiff soil site. The effect EPP model under demand spectrum is investigated by ductility factor and natural frequency. According to the results obtained in this study IDS has dependency on ductility factor and natural frequency.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6187-6191
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• 2015

In 1997 for the first time, survivin was described by Amborsini et al. as an anti-apoptotic protein. Subsequent studies revealed that survivin is a multifunctional protein that plays critical roles in several crucial cell processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle, chromosome movement, mitosis and cellular stress responses. Moreover, it's overexpression in cancer cells versus normal cells is associated with chemotherapy resistance, increased tumor recurrence, and shorter patient survival. All of these features make survivin a promising target for cancer therapy. Here, we review the potential characteristics of survivin as a tumor marker.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.411-414
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• 2002

Acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) are membrane-permeant signal molecules responsible for biofilm formation of gram-negative bacteria via a unique mechanism known as quorum sensing. A target specific bioassay employing the AHL-responsive Agrobacterium tumefaciens reporter strain has been developed to identify new AHL-like compounds from natural products, which could be developed into antifouling compounds. By varying the X-gal concentration, incubation time, solvent for sample preparation and the sample loading procedure, it was possible to detect low level AHLs up to $10^1nM$. The length of the acyl chain of the AHLs was found to affect the sensitivity of this bioassay.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.949-956
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• 1994

In this paper, we introduce a new speech synthesis method for Japanese and Korean arbitrary sentences using the natural speech data-base. Also, application of this method to a CAI system is discussed. In our synthesis method, a basic sentence and basic accent-phrases are selected from the data-base against a target sentence. Factors for those selections are phrase dependency structure (separation degree), number of morae, type of accent and phonemic labels. The target pitch pattern and phonemic parameter series are generated using those selected basic units. As the pitch pattern is generated using patterns which are directly extracted form real speech, it is expected to be more natural than any other pattern which is estimated by any model. Until now, we have examined this method on Japanese sentence speech and affirmed that the synthetic sound preserves human-like features fairly well. Now we extend this method to Korean sentence speech synthesis. Further more, we are trying to apply this synthesis unit to a CAI system.