• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.727-738
• /
• 1999

Total 76 aerosol samples were collected at Sungsan in Cheju Inland by high volume air sample for 1 year, from May 1995 to April 1996, and were analyzed for major elements(Na, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe) and trace elements(Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, U) by ICP/AES and ICP/MS. This study aims to determine the concentrations of trace metals and their seasonal variations in the atmosphere of Cheju Island, where is the remote area from pollution sources and also is the midway of transport of Asian continental materials into the western North Pacific. The concentrations of Na and Mg contributed by sea-salt aerosols were similar to those in the western part of Cheju island(Kosan) and in the western coast of Korea(Mallipo). They showed the highest value in summer and the lowest in spring and winter. Crustal metals(Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Co, U) were 2~3 times lower than those of Mallipo. These metals showed the lowest values in summer and the highest in spring. Pollution-derived metals (Zn, Cd and Pb) were 2~4 times lower than those in Malipo. Some elemental ratios in aerosols grouped by three wind directions(north-northwest, east, and south-southwest) such as Fe/Al and Pb/Zn are presented as useful tracers indicating source areas, and their differentiation may be explained by geology and fuel types of source areas.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of demographics and general clothing buying behavior of college male students in China. A questionnaire was developed to measure clothing purchasing motives, fashion information sources, evaluation criteria of apparel product, stores selection criteria, and general clothing buying behavior. The questionnaire was administered to 300 college male students in Dandong of China. The data was analyzed using percentage, frequency, mean, factor analysis, and ANOVA, duncan test. The results of the study were as fellows: 1. The clothing purchasing motives of consumers were significantly different depending on demographics. 2. The fashion information sources of consumers were significantly different depending on subjects, pocket money, and level of life. 3. The evaluation criteria of apparel product of consumers were significantly different depending on parent's jobs. 4. The stores selection criteria of consumers were significantly different depending on parent's school career, mother's jobs, household income. 5. Apparel buying places of consumers were in order of ; department stores, speciality stores, natural market. The buying frequency of apparel showed the most three times a year. The consumers were influenced by friends for apparel purchasing, and the method of payment mainly cash. 6. About purchase experience of the imported clothing, the 67% consumers answered 'yes', and the country of origin of the imported clothing were in order of ; Japan, Italy, France, Korea. The imported clothing satisfaction level of consumers were significantly different depending on demographics.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.56-60
• /
• 2009

In view of physics, energy is defined as the ability to work. The use of natural gas and nuclear power have been increased since 1980s to replace fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. Recently, solar energy, wind power, tidal power, and geothermal energy have been considered as promising alternative energy sources to overcome environmental pollution. However, their energy efficiencies are much lower than those of chemical energies such as nuclear power, explosive, and petroleum gas. In this study, the present situation of the green energy was reviewed to seek out the way to overcome the limit of the environmental (alternative) energy. Also, purification, application and development trend of the highly efficient alternative energy sources were investigated.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 1992

Effects of various artificial light sources on the growth of Chinese white cabbage, Chinese flat cabbage, lettuce, garland chrysanthemum, and green perilla were investigated. Plants were grown under different treatments for three weeks. Generally, the growth of artificial light treatment were better than natural daylight(ND). The greatest growth and external quality occurred in high-pressure sodium lamp(HPS). In incandescent lamp(IL), fresh weight was heavy, but marketable quality was poor because of succulent(or spindly) growth. Overall, vitamin C content were no difference among treatments. But relative chlorophyll content was somewhat high in HPS.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2020

The foremost problem in the agricultural industry in Ukraine is the issue of improving its energy resources efficiency. The existence of this problem is related to the substantial technological inferiority of the industry to those present in the developed countries, especially in terms of creation of no-waste production technologies of agricultural products. The direct effect on the solving of this issue has the necessity to ensure minimal energy costs during treatment of plant objects. This article presents the research results on the effect of electromagnetic energy on activation of plants development. It was found that each such object has its own individual energy resource and that forceful increase of the latter has specific maximum values and gives rise to the plant development process. At the same time, the implementation of the research results is hindered by some factors, among the most major of which are the following: lack of reliable and complete data on the bioenergy resources of plants, its "natural" chart; unavailability of research on the energy sources interaction processes and its effect on the physiological potential of biological objects, at least at the level of low series, absence of the appropriate electrotechnical equipment, including electromagnetic energy sources.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to characterize background mass concentration of PM$_{10}$ and metallic composition from September 2001 to August 2002 in comparison with Asan and Seoul. Annual mean of PM$_{10}$ concentrations in Asan and Seoul were 47.98 and 75.33$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively. The concentrations of PM$_{10}$ were highest in spring season in both cities. The concentrations of measured metals except for As and Pb in Asan were higher than those in Seoul. Yellow dust could affect the mass and metals concentrations of measured PM$_{10}$ in Asan and Seoul. Relationship between measured metals concentrations showed that Si and Fe were associated with natural sources such as soil. Pb, Cu and Zn were closely related to urban anthropogenic sources such as fuel combustion. Especially, relationship between metals showed different association during yellow dust. Proper management for PM$_{10}$ will need in Asan, considered the concentrations of metallic elements in PM$_{10}$ in Asan were relatively higher than those in Seoul.se in Seoul.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 2012

Trihalomethanes, produced as a result of chlorination of drinking water, are considered a potential health hazard. The trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of a raw water source may indicate the maximum trihalomethanes (THMs) that are likely to be produced when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter (NOM) present in the water. A study was conducted to evaluate the THMFP in seven different drinking water sources in the vicinity of Kalpakkam, a rural township, on the east coast of India. Water from seven stations were analysed for THMFP. THMFP was compared with surrogate parameters such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet absorbance ($UV_{254}$) and bromide. The data showed that THMFP was high in water from open wells as compared to closed bore wells, possibly due to more photosynthetic activity. Proximity to sea, and consequently the levels of bromide, was an important factor that influenced THM formation. THM surrogate parameters showed good correlation with THMFP.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 1978

Color is an important factor in dental esthetics. Application of natural tooth color will not fail to produce pleasing results. But a standardized method of shade matching has not been adopted. If we are to overcome the color matching problem in dentistry, an understanding of the nature of color and light is essential. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different light sources and different background colors on the ability of observers to correctly match shades of artifical teeth. And observation was made to determine if the time spent in making a shade match was a factor in the correctness of the response. A test method was devised and 50 individuals made observations which were recorded and analyzed. $X^2$-test gave results indicating that the time factor had no effect on the response made. An analysis of variance showed the following effects significant at the five percent level; (1) light source (2) background color (3) subject. The following conclusions can be drawn from this study; (1) The time spent in making shade selection is not a factor in the correctness of the selections. (2) The light source used is an important factor in matching tooth shade; and there is no significant difference between the light sources in shade matching. (3) Under the conditions of this study, the greatest accuracy in shade matching was obtained on the brown background.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2009

The increasingly high prices for oil, the exhaustion of fossil fuels as well as concern about global warming are driving rapid growth of alternative sources of energy in the world. The active solution for global environment and exhaustion of energy sources is to develop and popularize the technologies to use natural energy such as sunlight, wind, and water. PV(Photovoltaic) modules are efficient devices that has been considered a logical material for use in buildings. Recent advanced BIPV(Building Integrated PV) technology have rapidly made PVs suitable for direct integration into construction in the world. Recently, building has been higher and higher. Tall buildings have many advantages for BIPV such as wide facade area and no shading effect by the surrounding buildings. However. BIPV has not been applied for tall building facade yet. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to develop suitable BIPV for tall buildings and to put these technologies to practical use. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate unification of BIPV to curtain wall to apply BIPV on tall building through research into advanced application of overseas BIPV cases.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.19-33
• /
• 1992

The high oxidants, which occur the daily maximum concentrations in the afternoon, are transported into the other region via long range transport mechanisms or trapped within the shallow mixing boundary layer and then removed physically (deposition, transport by mountain wind, etc.) and chemically (reaction with local sources). Therefore, modeling formation of photochemical oxidants requires a complex description of both chemical and meteorolog ital processecs . In this study, as a part of air quality studies, we reviewed various aspects of photochemical modeling on the basis of currently available literature. The result of the review shows that the model is based on a set of coupled continuity equations describing advection, diffusion, transport, deposition, chemistry, emission. Also photochemical oxidant models require a large amount of input data concerned with all aspects of the ozone life cycle. First, emission inventories of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, with appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. Second, chemical and photochemical data allowing the quantitative description of the formation of ozone and other photochemically-generated secondary pollutants. Third, dry deposition mechanisms particularly for ozone, PAN and hydrogen peroxide to account for their removal by absorption on the ground, crops, natural vegetation, man-made and water surfaces. Finally, meteorological data describing the transport of primary pollutants away from their sources and of secondary pollutants towards the sensitive receptors where environmental damage may occur. In order to improve our present study, shortcomings and limitation of existing models are pointed out and verification Process through observation is emphasized.