• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2021

We conducted an analysis of agroforestry system efficiency to conserve biodiversity in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve (MFR) between March 2018 and June 2018. A synthesis of forest fragmentation data observed on multiple strata and scale satellite imageries over 31 years, between 1987 and 2018 as well as, the use of both a floristic and a faunal surveys, revealed that although 29.28% of natural forests was fragmented and converted to agroforests landscapes, banana and cocoa based agroforest appeared to perform the most relevant records in carbon storage and to attract wild terrestrial and avifauna. Analysis of NDVI, NDWI and Iron Oxyde helped monitor the vegetation cover of the reserve, and differentiate natural and fragmented classes, majority of conserved forest wetlands and agroforestry systems, and a minority of natural dryland forest. Further analysis also revealed significant correlations between NDVI and Shannon Index, and between NDVI and carbon stock. Based on the NDVI value and the equation Y=3.827×X-1.587 (where Y for the carbon stocks and X for NDVI value), we estimated the total carbon stock of the forest reserve at about 99557.6 tonnes, and its mean value at about 8.491 tons/ha. Nevertheless, environmental efforts to sustainably manage agroforestry landscape appear to be a relevant key to conserve wild biodiversity and mitigate climate change at the level of the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve. If anthropogenic activities have deeply changed the reserve's natural landscape, reduced its carbon sequestration performance, and wildlife conservation status, forest wetlands appear to remain its most conserved places and the best refuge for wild fauna still occurring in diverse strata of the MFR.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2001

The vegetation of the Khogno Khan Natural Reserve of the central Mongolia was studied in terms of the Zurich-Montpellier School's method. Twenty plant communities were identified from the three different landscape types such as mountain areas(63%), plains(32%), and wetlands(5%). Actual vegetation map using five vegetation domains was accomplished in order to understand the spatial distribution of regional vegetation. Steppe vegetation of 88% vegetation cover to the whole area is representative, which is composed of a matrix of landscape. The birch-aspen forests and the elm bush forests are relics as a patch distribution. It is recognized that the whole territory of protected area be under the effects of severe grazing from the phytosociological viewpoint.

• 에너지공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2012

The CANDU 9 shield cooling system was designed and layout with the objective of promoting natural circulation on loss of forced flow. In the present study, the shield cooling natural circulation was analyzed using verified the thermal-hydraulic code when the coolant pump or the heat exchanger was lost. This study showed that thermosyphoning cooled the end shields and prevented the end shields and the reserve water tank from boiling for at least 8 hours on loss of the shield cooling pumps but the heat exchangers still operational. With the loss of both pumps and heat exchangers, the end shields remain subcooled for up to 4 hours. To enhance thermosyphoning, the bypass connection to the line from the reserve water tank should be relocated to a point as low as possible.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1257-1269
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• 2007

This study was performed to get more knowledge on the flora and their life form spectrum in the Hallasan Natural Reserve. The vascular plants include 83 species 35 genera 12 families of pteridophytes, 5 varieties 5 species 3 families of gymnosperm, 100 taxa in 2 varieties 98 species 58 genera 8 families of monocotyledon and 362 taxa in 3 forma 10 varieties 349 species 186 genera 65 families of dicotyledon in Hallasan Natural Reserve. The total of vascular plants is 550 taxa in 3 forma 11 varieties 536 species 284 genera 88 families. Among these, 204 species in total including 19 species of pteridophytes, 2 species of conifers, 45 species of monocotyledon and 138 species of dicotyledon are found only in the Hallasan Natural Reserve. The pteridophyte-quotient is 4.52 and floristic richness is 1.94. In the analysis of life form spectrum, there are 190 species (34.5%) of hemicryptophytes and 122 species (22.2%) of geophytes so that two life forms take large portions, 312 species (56.7%) of the vegetation in Hallasan Natural Reserve. Megaphanerophytes and microphanerophytes take 14.5% including 80 species followed by 83 species (15.1%) of nanophanerophytes, 42 species (7.6%) of chamaephytes, 29 species (5.3%) of therophytes, 24 species (4.4%) of hydrophytes and 18 species (3.3%) of epiphytes. According to the life form spectrum hemicryptophytes dominated high portions, which suggests Hallasan Natural Reserve has hemicryptophytic climate and similar to middle parts in the Korean Peninsular. The differences, however, were noticed by that it has more chamaephytes and less therophytes than that of the Peninsular and partially shows the characteristics of artic or subalpine climate.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2021

이번 연구에서는 제주도 한라산 천연보호구역 내 소화산들에 대한 40Ar-39Ar 분석을 실시하고 그 결과를 보고한다. 한라산천연보호구역 내 어리목 상수원 부근에 위치하는 현무암질조면안산암 및 조면암이 192 ka 내외로 가장 오래된 연대를 보였으며, 동수악의 알칼리현무암 184 ka 내외, 만세동산의 조면현무암 153 ka 내외, 장구목오름의 현무암질조면안산암 135 ka 내외, 어승생악의 현무암질조면안산암 123 ka 내외, 삼각봉의 조면암 106 ka 내외 등으로 10만년 이상의 연대를 보인다. 10만년 전 이후의 화산활동으로는 윗방애오름의 현무암질조면안산암 94 ka, 성널오름의 알칼리현무암 92 ka, 물장올의 전이질현무암 81 ka, 영실조면암 71 ka, 보리악의 조면안산암 73 ka, 윗세누운오름과 윗세족은오름의 현무암질조면안산암에서 각각 76 ka, 93 ka, 흙붉은오름의 조면현무암 60 ka, 방애오름과 알방애오름의 전이질현무암은 각각 59 ka, 83 ka, 백록담의 조면암 47 ka, 한라산 북벽의 조면암 35 ka, 윗세붉은오름의 조면현무암 41 ka, 성널오름을 관입한 조면암 32~43 ka, 동수악 부근 조면암 39 ka, 서중천 지류하천의 조면암 37 ka 내외의 연대를 보였다. 따라서 이러한 연대측정 결과로 추정하면 한라산천연보호구역의 화산활동은 약 192 ka에서 홀로세 직전의 17 ka까지 지속되었던 것으로 확인된다. 조면암의 분출시기에 의하면 한라산천연보호 구역은 최소 약 8회의 화산활동이 있었던 것으로 해석할 수 있으며, 이 중 왕관릉, 삼각봉, 영실, 백록담 등과 같이 조면암 돔이 형성된 4회의 화산활동과 용암류의 흐름 또는 암맥상의 조면암이 산출된 4회의 화산활동으로 구분할 수 있다. 한라산천연보호구역의 형성은 지표상에 노출된 용암으로 볼 때 가장 먼저 보호구역 북서부에서 시작되어 남부지역, 동부지역, 그리고 마지막으로 백록담 형성과 관계된 화산활동 등의 순서로 진행된 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.292-296
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• 2020

본 연구는 한라산천연보호구역의 기초자료 확보를 목적으로 수행된 한라산천연보호구역 기초학술조사 중 버섯류에 대한 연구로, 2018년 4월부터 10월까지 7개월 동안 성판악탐방로와 돈내코탐방로 사이 지역을 대상으로 수행되었다. 조사된 버섯은 총 65과 184속 392종이며, 이 중 187종의 버섯이 죽은 나무나 나뭇가지에서 발생하였다. 주름버섯목에 속하는 버섯이 184종으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 시기적으로는 7월에 206종으로 가장 많이 발생하였다. 또한 대부분의 버섯은 600~800 m 사이 고도에서 발생하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 버섯들 중 기후변화 생물지표종에 해당되는 버섯이 5종, 후보종 2종이 나타났으며, 392종 중 국외 반출 승인 대상 생물자원에는 163종이 해당되었다(*Appendix 홈페이지에 업로드).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2011

In this study, a total of 350 households contained 700 individuals in Iganzo village were surveyed to study their literate and poverty levels and their impacts to conservation of the Mbeya Range Forest Reserve. The study included 350 women and 350 men. The majority of respondents were between the ages of 31-40 years old (53%), while the rest were between 41-50 years old (25%) and 21-30 years old (22%). The total income per day per household was calculated and averaged to 4,570 Tanzanian shillings that is equal to about 3 U.S. dollars. The average number of members per household was seven. It was reported that, there is a tremendous decrease in biodiversity composition of the reserve mainly due to poverty (80%) and ignorance (76%) of the people on the importance of the reserve. Other causes for this decrease were reported to be grazing of livestock in the reserve (23%), poor farming systems (68%), which resulted in soil erosion, encroachment (64%) through expansion of farms towards the reserve boundary and charcoal burning (34%). Respondents from Mbeya Urban Water Supply Authority and District Forest Office mentioned lack of funds (49%) and lack of experts (56%) as challenges that face the conservation of the reserve. It was revealed that 25% of respondents had never gone to school, 53% had primary level of education as their highest level of education, 20% had secondary education and 2% had first degree. The null hypothesis that poverty and illiteracy have a positive correlation to forest degradation was accepted based on these findings at a probability of p>0.85. Thus, it was concluded that poverty and illiteracy among Iganzo village residents are the main causes for the degradation of biodiversity in Mbeya Range Forest Reserve.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.319-336
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• 2022

Evaluating the temporal and spatial changes in the ecosystem service value (ESV) of the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve is important for understanding the impact of human activities on natural ecosystem and guiding ecosystem restoration and environmental pollution control. In this study, remotely sensed land-cover data and the equivalent factor method were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the ESV in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve from 1992 to 2015, and regression analysis was employed to determine the factors driving changes in the ESV. The results show that grassland was the main type of ecosystem in the study area, and the transformation of grassland into bare areas was the primary change in land cover. Additionally, the ESV in the study area first decreased and then increased, with an annual growth rate of 0.69%. The ESV mainly increased in the north of the Yellow River's source area, and mainly decreased in the northwest of the Yangtze River's source area. Finally, the gross output value of agriculture, urbanization rate and proportion of secondary industry were found to be the main factors driving the ESV in the study area.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

A participatory approach of local stakeholders is important to create a balance between nature protection and the sustainable use of natural resources in a nature reserve and its vicinity area. The zoning and management policy of biosphere reserves (BRs) is a good example of this idea, especially for island reserves. Yakushima was inscribed as a World Natural Heritage (WH) in 1993. Almost all of its residents did not remember that Yakushima was a BR. In addition, Yakushima has some problems in nature reserve management. Overabundance of the deer population is a critical threat to both agriculture and natural vegetation in the world heritage site. There are too many tourists visiting the WH site and Nagata-hama beach. The beach is a Ramsar site and one of the most important spawning grounds of sea turtles in the north Pacific. Now, residents and the municipality have decided to reactivate the Yakushima BR. Although the Ministry of the Environment of Japan has an initiative to manage the WH and the Ramsar site, the BR is managed by the municipality and local stakeholders. Local activities of both nature conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources are encouraged in the BR site. The islanders willingly included all areas of the island into the BR site. Scientists who have participated in the Society of Yakushimaology have played a significant role to build trust between local stakeholders and to seek feasible policies on the nature reserves. The concept of the "Yakushima Environmental Culture Village" is a good model for the extension plan of the Yakushima and Kuchinoerabujima BRs.

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 예산지원이 원활치 못한 자연재해위험지구에 대한 정비사업을 효율적으로 추진하고, 재해예방사업을 조속히 이행하며 재정지원을 안정적으로 확보할 수 있는 몇 가지 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 자연재해위험지구 지정절차 및 법적등 제도적 장치 에 대한 분석을 수행하고, 경기도에서 수행된 정비사업을 지역, 피해이력, 연간투자계획, 재정기금 등의 측면에서 조사 분석 하였다. 추가적으로 재난관리기금을 보존하거나 사용하는 여부를 결정하는 기준을 조사하였으며, 기금출처 및 지출, 기금사용의 법적 문제점을 분석하고 그 해결책을 제시하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서는 재난관리기금이 재난위험을 초기에 감소시키기 위해서 자연재해위험지구 정비사업에 투자될 수 있도록 법적제도를 완화하여야 하며, 적립금 상한제를 두어 초과분은 재해예방사업에 안정적으로 투자 할 수 있는 재원으로 활용해야함을 제안하고자 한다.