• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1997

These experiments were carried out to examine the development capacity of sexed and then bisected embryo from 8-cell to morula stage. Antisera to histocompatibility-Y(H-Y) antigen were prepared in inbred SD female rat by repeated immunization of spleen cell or testis supernatant from males of same strain. Male and female embryos were separated by delaying development of embryos against H-Y antibody. After sexing, rabbit embryos were bisected and aggregated. The results obtained from the these experiments were summuerized as follows: 1. When mouse and rabbit 8-, 16-cell and morular embryos were culature in H-Y antiserum, the ratio of embryo which has developed to hatching blastocyst was 53.4, 46.3 and 57.4% in mouse embryos, and 49.0, 52.0 and 61.0% in rabbit embryo, respectively. The ratio of mouse and rabbit embryos developed to hatching blastocyst showed nearly natural sex rate(50%), except rabbit mourla showed a little higher ratio(61.0%) as compared to natural sex ratio. 2. When rabbit demi-embryos from 8-, 16-cell embryo and morula were cultured, the percentage of demi-embryos was 70, 68 and 58% without zona pellucida removed, and 62, 69 and 51% with zona pellucida. The rate of aggregation was higher in 8- and 16-cell demi-embryos than in morula demi-embryo. 4. When sexed-demi-embryo was aggregated with another demi-embryo with demi-embryo with same sex, the rate of embryo developed to blastocyst was 60, 50 and 25%, respectively. Eight-cell demi-embryo showed highest rate. In conclusion, it showed that H-Y antiserum which was made by rat spleen cell enabled sexing rabbit embryos. And when rabbit sexed 8-, 16-cell and morula demi-embryo were aggregated, they were developed to eu-blastocyst which suggested the potential of sexed embryo manipulation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권9호통권89호
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• pp.1217-1223
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• 2007

한국의 솜양지꽃(Potentilla discolor) 9개 집단과 몽골의 양지꽃속 식물 종 P. conferta 두 집단을 이용하여 두 종의 생식계를 비교하였다. 분포지에서 19개 형태 형질을 조사하여 정량분석에 사용하였다. 형태 형질에서 두 종간 많은 형질에 대해 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 주성분분석에서 마디간 길이와 뿌리의 길이와 개수 등에서 특히 유의한 차이를 나타내어 이들 두 종을 분류하는데 유의한 성분으로 판단된다. P. conferta에서 라메트의 수는 거리의 증가에 따라 현저하게 감소하나 P. discolor는 정규분포 모양의 곡선을 나타내어 $60{\sim}80$ cm에서 가장 많았다. 빛에 대한 감수성은 P. discolor가 P. conferta보다 내성을 가지나 가뭄에 대해서는 P. conferta가 P. discolor보다 더 높은 내성을 나타내었다 . 이는 사막에 근접한 건조한 지역에 적응한 형태로 판단되며 온대 지방인 우리나라에 분포하는 솜양지꽃에 비해 단위면적당 밀도가 높아 이웃간 거리가 짧아 짧은 라메트를 많이 가지며 라메트 수가 많아 영양번식이 더 많이 이루어지고 있음을 나타낸다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1997

This study was done to find out the preservation possibility of liquid boar semen at variabel room temperature of 9 to 16$^{\circ}C$. The percentages of sperm motility and NAR acrosome were highest in B tschwiler extender compared to B tschwiler＋Hepes, Andro＋Hepes and Andro extenders. The extenders with Hepes buffer showed detrimental effect for preservation of liquid boar semen. The pH of ejaculated sperm-rich fraction was 7.5. The pH of B tschwiler＋Hepes, B tschwiler, Andro＋Hepes and Andro extenders was 6.9, 7.5, 7.1 and 8.1, respectively. The pH of liquid boar semen with B tschwiler＋Hepes, B tschwiler, Andro＋Hepes and Andro extenders was 6.6, 6.9, 6.7 and 6.9 at 1st day of storage, and 5.5, 5.7, 5.6 and 5.8 at 7th day of storage, respectively. Gilts and sows were inseminated twice with liquid boar semen stored at 9~16$^{\circ}C$ in B tschwiler extender for 3~4 days. Farrowing rate, litter size and average pig weight at birth between AI and natural service did not differ significantly in gilt and sow, respectively. However, sow showed higher farrowing rate and litter size compared to gilt both in AI and in natural service. As a result of this study, we found out that liquid boar semen can be stored for 5~7 days at uncontrolled room temperature of 9~16$^{\circ}C$ in B tschwiler extender.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1721-1728
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• 2018

Objective: The use of genetic markers can help to enhance reproduction in cattle, which is a very important trait for profitability in dairy production systems. This study evaluated the association between genotypes of leptin (LEP), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and chemokine receptor of interleukin 8 C-X-C motif (CXCR1) genes and fertility traits in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. Methods: Phenotypic data from 786 Czech Fleckvieh cows raised on 5 farms in the Czech Republic were used, along with information from the 1st three parities. To determine genotype, the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used. Results: Except for LEP g.-963C>T, all studied genotype frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were distributed according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Two LEP SNPs (g.-963C>T and c.357C>T) were associated with the age at the 1st calving, days open (DO), pregnancy rate after 1st service (PR), and calving interval (CLI). In LEP g.-963C>T the TT genotype heifers firstly calved 24 days earlier than CC genotype and the CT genotype cow showed a tendency for shorter DO and higher PR. In LEP c.357C>T we observed longer CLI and DO period in TT cows. In general, we can propose the TT genotype of g.-963C>T as favorable and the TT genotype of c.357C>T as unfavorable for a cow's fertility. Heterozygotes in TLR4 c.-226C>G were significantly associated with shorter CLI, and presented a nonsignificant tendency to be associated with higher PR. In CXCR1 c.777 C>G, we did not observe any relationship of this SNP with reproduction. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that LEP could be an effective marker for improving reproduction in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. This study also provides novel insights into the relationship between TLR4 and CXCR1 SNPs and reproduction in dual-purpose cattle.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2005

스테로이드 호르몬인 에스트로겐은 여러 조직의 발생 및 분화에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근 에스트로겐의 영향을 평가하는데 있어 전통적인 여성 호르몬이라는 인식을 탈피하여 수컷 생식계상의 역할에 관한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 특히 내분비계 교란물질에 관한 다양한 연구 결과가 보고되면서, 수컷에서의 에스트로겐 역할에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 에스트로겐의 정확한 역할을 파악하기 위해서 발생 단계에 따른 에스트로겐 수용체의 수컷 생식기관 내 분포를 정리해 보고, 내분비계 교란물질의 노출에 따른 수컷 생식계의 발생 및 분화 이상과 정자형성과정의 장애 등을 알아보고자 하였다. 끝으로 외인성 화학물의 에스트로겐성을 평가하기 위한 지표인자들을 정리하여, 남성 생식기관의 발생, 분화, 기능에 관련된 에스트로겐의 역할에 대한 실제적인 정보를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1997

담팔수(Elaeocarpus sylvestris va. ellipticus Hara)를 기주로 하여 담팔수깍지벌레(Protopulvinaria mangiferae (Green))의 발육속도 및 증식능력을 조사하였다. 본 깍지벌레의 1령약충기부터 산란전성충기까지 발육소요일수는 온도가 상승할수록 짧았으며, 발육한계온도는 11.7$^{\circ}C$, 유효적산온도는 1000.0일도 이었다. $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ 항온, 60-70% RH조건하에서 부화율은 각 온도구 모두 99% 이상으로 높았다. 산란전성층까지의 생존율은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 82%, $30^{\circ}C$에서 60%이었으며, 1령약충(neonate crawler)기의 사망률이 가장 높았다. 성충체로부터 1령약충의 이탈기간은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 50일 $30^{\circ}C$에서 33일간 이었으며, 이 기간 중 총이탈약충수의 50%이상이 분산기간 초기에 발생되었다. 발육기간 및 영별생존율 및 출생수를 이용하여 산출한 순번식율(${R}_{o}$), 평균세대기(T) 및 내적자연증가율은(${r}_{m}$)은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 각 132.6, 76.2, 0.064/암컷/일로 $30^{\circ}C$구 보다 높았다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.145-148
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• 2009

To understand whether experience of cold season in reproductive behaviors in the adults of Amaurobius ferox, the paired adults of a female and a male were exposed under 'cold-treated environment' and 'not cold-treated environment', respectively. I investigated effects of the cold treatment on the brood production of A. ferox. In not cold treatment in which male-female pairs were formed in October at a temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ (${\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and continuously kept under not cold-treated environment, only 3 of 50 pairs successfully reproduced (reproduction was defined as the emergence of spiderlings). In cold treatment where individuals were kept in cold conditions for 3 months prior to pair formation, 57 out of 60 couples succeeded in reproducing. Females which did not experience the low temperature displayed strong aggressiveness toward males. This behavioral inhibition might the primary barrier to copulation of A. ferox that decrease following a period of low temperature. The reproductive inhibition might help the females to allocate the maximum amount of energy in a given environment to reaching the adult stage and to delay reproduction in unfavorable wintering conditions.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

Many mammals in temperate zones are affected by the distinctive changes of the four seasons in these zones. Their reproductive status is active in the summer climate and inactive during severe winter weather. The golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is seasonal breeding animal whose sexual activities are regulated by photoperoidism. The reproduction and metabolism are activated by long summer days (LD) and inhibited by short winter days (SD). After several months of SD, animals become refractory to this inhibitory photoperiod and spontaneously revert to LD-like physiology. The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) house the primary circadian oscillator in mammals. Seasonal changes in the photic input to this structure control many annual physiological rhythms via SCN-regulated pineal melatonin secretion, which provides an internal endocrine signal representing photoperiod. The aim of this study was to assess the variation in the morphology of the testis in relation to the natural photoperiod in male golden hamsters. The hamsters were castrated at different weeks (2, 5, 8, and 15). The cell numbers of tubules with spermatogonia (SG), spermatocyte (SC), spermatids (ST), and spermatozoa (SZ) were recorded in each sample. The results showed that testicular regression of golden hamsters occurred in the SD-treated animals. The present investigation determines that the effects of the photoperiod on the reproduction of male golden hamsters. It was also found that the circadian period increases the rate of reproductive inhibition in animals exposed to inhibitory photoperiods.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2008

현존하는 생물들은 주변 환경에서 오는 반복되는 신호의 영향을 받고 있다. 그 신호는 태양 및 지구의 운동 관계에서 되풀이되어 일어나는 주기적인 변화이다. 생식 및 번식, 세포 내 각종 분자들의 작용, 발생 단계에 일어나는 다양한 변화 등등의 생리학적/행동학적 활동들은 모두 일주기든 연주기든 주기성을 띠고 있다. 일주기 리듬을 통하여 생물들은 근본적으로 주변의 외부 시간에 그 생물 자체가 적응하게 하여, 일상적으로 반복되는 환경에서 적절한 시기에 활동하도록 하는 것이다. 각종 리드미컬한 패턴 중에 편승 변환을 고찰하기 위해 제시된 한계주기궤도에 초점을 맞추어 고찰하고자 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.569-582
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• 2004

Current growth in the deer industry is 20% per annum as the demand increases for venison in Europe, including the increased use in Asia of antlers as a natural medicine by humans. The deer industry in Australia has developed rapidly, but farm profitability has fluctuated markedly. The knowledge on deer farming has largely been adopted from New Zealand (NZ) and the United Kingdom (UK) although the environmental conditions in these deer growing countries differ markedly from Australia. The practice used for weaning is one of the key factors influencing the profitability of the industry. However, a wide range in weaning dates are practised by farmers leading to the question of whether deer should be weaned after mating to reduce the stress during weaning or should they be weaned in the pre-rut period to allow does to recover their body condition for the next reproduction cycle. This review examines the effect of weaning time on the performance of does and hinds and the subsequent growth rate of the fawns and calves. Gaps in knowledge of weaning procedures and nutritional management for early weaned deer are identified.