• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제2호
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• pp.130-139
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• 2004

Shiwha Lake is an excellent example of a body of water restored from a state of heavy pollution to a cleaner and more ecological state. This paper will explore techniques and methods available to landscape planning for the creation of new migratory birds habitats in Shiwha Lake. Because Shiwha lake is located adjacent to a new industrial site on reclaimed land, any planning effort aimed at restoring bird habitats must carefully consider the existing context. This plan had 3 goals; (1) to restore the coastal environment, (2) to create a habitat for migratory birds, and (3) to administer environmental education programs. To achieve these goals, several objectives were determined and planning criteria were proposed for topology, water environment(fresh, brackish and salt water swamps), zoning(for experts and general visitors), circulations, planting and mounding. The flora and fauna of the site was surveyed, and 5 alternatives were suggested and compared in several aspects. Planting species were carefully selected considering target birds and habitat requirements. In order to increase bio-diversity of the site, the plan proposed multi-staired mounds and extensive drainage systems. Bird watching facilities with natural materials, and the remote observing system using CCTV and the internet were some of the ecological techniques recommended by the plan. The bird watching trails are divided into two different zones for experts and general visitors.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.524-531
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• 2006

Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), native to the Indian sub-continent, has been known since the ancient time for its medicinal and insect repellent properties. In recent years, Neem has attracted global attention due to its potential as a source of natural drugs and also environment-friendly pesticides. In the households. The distribution and traditional practice on Neem can be important to the agriculturist, ethno-pharmaceutical developers and to the rural development practitioners in Bangladesh. An exploratory survey on the distribution and traditional practice on Neem tree in the rural homesteads of Chittagong coastal plain, Bangladesh, was conducted over a period of three months from September 2002 to November 2002. It was found that maximum, 64% households used seedling as planting material having 40% maximum sources Within the major tree species present in the homesteads, Neem accounted for 12% among the total individuals. It was found that the availability of Neem trees was found maximum, 31%, in the homesteads of medium sized households. Maximum, 42% individuals of Neem were found within the DBH of 10.1 to 20 cm; and 37% within the 3.1 to 6 m height classes. Neem trees were found to be used maximum, 88% for furniture. The findings of the study will be of immense importance for the rural development practitioners and ethno pharmacological developers in Bangladesh.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

본 연구는 산책로 환경을 정비하여 산림내 휴양기능의 개선방안을 모색하고저 1996년 일본의 동경 근교 공원에서 산책로의 환경특성, 이용 및 관리실태를 조사하였다. 그 결과 현재 조사지역 모두 환경보전이나 휴양환경을 개선하기 위한 정비보다는 이용 활성화를 위해 노력하고 있었다. 그러나 최근 공원의 방문목적이나 이용행태를 감안하면 휴양공간에서 경관성과 쾌적성의 확보는 가장 시급한 요인이라고 판단되었다. 따라서 산책로에 경관성과 쾌적성을 확보할 수 있는 정비방안으로는 자연성이 확보된 산책로의 정비 및 노선선정, 혼잡감을 억제할 수 있는 이용자의 조절방안 마련, 도로변에 시각적 이미지의 제고와 학습효과를 부가할 수 있는 식생관리기법의 도입 및 자연생태계의 보전을 도모할 수 있는 효율적인 운영관리 등이 요구된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to select suitable planting base for the mat-type rooftop greening in order to popularize rooftop greening system easily. The experiment was conducted from 2004 June to 2005 May under several conditions; 4 soil depths under mats(2cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15cm), two soil mixtures(natural soil 80%+leaf mold 20%, artificial soil) and two light conditions(full sun place, 20% shaded place). In this experiment, 3 types of mats were used ; the herbaceous plants mat(11 plants inclusive of Lotus corniculatus L., Silene armeria L.), the lawn mat with Festica arundinacea and Sedum mat with Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum oryzifolium, Sedum middendorffianum. The result is as follows; in the mat-type rooftop greening, the herbaceous plants mat, lawn mat and sedum mat are the similar number of plant and effect of greening on soil depth 2cm, 5cm and 10cm, 15cm. So suitable soil depth of rooftop greening is 10cm for the load and economical factor. Thus the mat-type rooftop greening possible planting base depth of all 13cm as soil depth 10cm and mat depth 3cm. As soil mixtures, the number and growth of plants were better mat and 'natural soil 80% +leaf mold 20%' than mat and artificial soil. In herbaceous plants mat, Silene armeria L., Dianthus chinensis, Centaurea cyanus L., Lotus corniculatus L. are survival in full sun place and Silene armeria L., Dianthus chinensis, Centaurea cyanus L. are survival in 20% shaded place. In conclusion, selection of suitable soil mixtures and plants is possible extensive management rooftop greening with effect of continuous greening. The mat-type rooftop greening are lightweight and simple preparation without management and can popularize readily.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2008

The golf course has many problems that are a pollution of river, a extinction of habitat by destructing a forest and a simplication of species composition. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the ecological characteristics of vascular plants in construct-reserved site of golf course. The results were as follow. The vascular plants were summarized as 342 taxa; 86 families, 231 genera, 295 species, 42 varieties and 5 forma. In the results by the location environments of vegetation, Salix caprea community and wetland species like Persicaria thunbergii were appeared in the swamp. Especially, S. caprea will be made use of promoting a landscape. In the stream, Stephanandra incisa community has a functions like an ecological axis and a corridor of wild animals. The planting technique will be applied to using Atractylodes japonica and Ainsliaea acerifolia in the lower part of Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica. Because Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Convallaria keiskei grew by layer in Q. variabilis community, this will be made use of natural vegetation model. The rare plants were 2 taxa; Aristolochia contorta and Iris ensata var. spontanea. To preserve their community, we will prohibit a development and remove a threatening factor. The endemic plants were 4 taxa; Salix caprea, Clematis trichotma, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora and Weigela subsessilis. The naturalized plants were 19 taxa; Rumex crispus, Bildedykia dumetora and so on. To establish the quantitative management plan, we will obtain a ecological information about a naturalized plants in accumulating by season, community and land use pattern.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2005

월악산국립공원의 현존식 생 및 녹지자연도와 조경수목 식재현황을 2004년에 조사하였다. 월악산국립공원의 현존식 생은 총 12개의 식물군락과 기타지역으로 구분되었으며, 신갈나무군락, 소나무군락, 낙엽활엽수림, 침활혼효림 등 자연림은 8개 군락으로, 일본잎갈나무림, 잣나무림 등 인공림은 3개 산림유형으로 구분되었다. 조사지역의 녹지자연도는 8등급 지역이 약$73.08\%$로 가장 넓게 분포하였고, 9등급 지역이 약$11.32\%$로 나타났다. 조사지역의 조경수목 식재현황은 총 44과 129종류가 확인되었으며, 이 중 약 $65.65\%$가 외래종이었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2016

The loss and degradation in tropical forest region are some of the current global concern. Hence, these issues elevated the role of rehabilitated forests in providing ecological products and services. The information on the carbon stock is important in relation to global carbon and biomass use, but lacking from the tropical region. This paper reports the assessment of tree and soil carbon stock in a chronosequence rehabilitated tropical forest stands in Malaysia. The study site was at the UPM-Mitsubishi Forest Rehabilitation Project, UPMKB. $20{\times}20m$ plot was established each and assessed in 2009 at 1-, 10- and 19-year-old sites while an adjacent ${\pm}23-year-old$ natural regenerating secondary forest plot was established for comparison. The overall total carbon stock was in the order of 19-year-old>${\pm}23-year-old$>10-year-old>1-year-old. When forest carbon stock is low, the soil component plays an important role in the carbon storage. The forest carbon recovery is crucial to increase soil carbon stock. The variations in the carbon stock showed the different stages of the forest recovery. Species survived after 19-years of planting are potential species for carbon sequestration activities in rehabilitated forest. Human intervention in rehabilitating degraded forest areas through tree planting initiatives is crucial towards recovering the forest ecological role especially in forest carbon stock capacity.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

Riverside forests make a river bank stable because trees of them hold together the stone and soil by roots and decrease the speed of running fluid by trunks. So they become known to have positive effects on flood prevention. So This study will be a basic study to preserve and restore of riverside forests. The goal of this study is to classify types of Han riverside forests between Yangpyeng and Yeoju gun. and find out sites of planting. Results of this study can be summarized as follows; The evaluation indicators were set up based on literature review and site survey. Two indicator categories were developed: natural environment and human environment. And they were divided into 5 sub-categories for calculating weights. As for the major indicator categories, the weighted index of natural environment is at 0.5. And the weighted index of human environment is at 0.5 followed by access at 0.15, the range of user at 0.15, cultivated land at 0.1 and legislation at 0.1. This study selected 53 sites for riverside forests planting. They were classified with types of bank(11), level-upped riverside(32), island(10). The amount of the length of 11 bank types is 23,050m, the area of 32 level-upped riverside types is $4,490,000m^2$ and the area of 10 island types is $4,590,000m^2$. After the evaluation of 53 riverside forests, this study selected 12 sites of riverside forests. They were two bank types, nine level-upped riverside types, and one island type. Rebuilding riverside forests are to accomplish the green network which links and divides region. It will be one of the best ecological methods to construct friendly environmental region.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.970-972
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• 2003

Due to rapid increase in the demand of Natural Rubber (NR) few years ago, NR price sore very higher. The rubber plantation in Thailand expanded very fast to non traditional areas with the result Thai become the biggest NR exporting country in the world. However, the average yield is still lower compared to experimental yield of RRIT (Rubber Research Institute of Thailand) or just 60 % (RRIT, 1998). This is due to many of new rubber planting areas, which are not suitable. The Thai Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives thus has set 'The complete cycle development strategies for natural rubber' in the medium-term measures by reducing the rubber planting areas by 300,000 rai (1 rai = 0.16ha) through replanting with oil palm. The aim of this study is to find out land having lowest potential for rubber production (R3) but highest for oil palm production (P1). Find areas which are unsuitable for rubber and can be replaced by oil palm in order to get a better agricultural production. The study was applied upon Krabi province, Thailand. Crops requirement, degree of limitation to crops growth, climatic data, crops yield, soil map, topographic map etc., were used to evaluate land potential for both rubber and oil palm production according to FAO framework (Sys, 1992). An Agro-ecological suitability map for rubber and oil palm were produced. This was done by mean of GIS. The database was generated and guide map for the decision makers in view of suitable crop substitution was prepared.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: The successful management of jujube trees depends on maintaining a balance between reproductive and vegetative growth. In general, heading cuts of trunk stimulate rather vegetative growth, but could decrease flower initiation. This study was conducted to establish a heading-back pruning severities at planting in the one year old 'Daeneung' jujube whip nursery tree by investigating vegetative growth and fruit yield. METHODS AND RESULTS: The heading back pruning severity was assigned as 5 different ranges as follow: one bud (TR-10, heading back pruning was 10 cm above the ground), three buds (TR-30), five buds (TR-50), seven buds (TR-70), and nine buds (TR-90) were left of scion. The number of buds on whip trunk was correlated to the central leader length and increment of trunk cross-sectional area, negatively, and to the tree height and canopy volume, positively. The yields in the TR-50 treatment were higher about 2 times than other treatments. The fruit diameter was not significantly different among the treatments. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the optimum location of heading-back pruning in one year old 'Daeneung' jujube tree was 50 cm above the ground as evaluated by the balance of reproductive and vegetative growth.