• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

This study investigated the characteristics of the establishment of an architectural guideline which is an important element of a urbanscape plan in basic landscape plans established by four local governments(a county level) in Jeollanam-do since the enactment of the landscape law. The results were as follows. The guideline for landscape plan elements was closely associated with shapes, materials, harmony, and coherence. For the detailed guideline for landscape plan elements, an architectural guideline on the arrangement, height, facade, and roof shapes of buildings, which is one of important elements related to urbanscape, was similar in local governments, showing a standard and uniform tendency. It indicates the limitation of forming urbanscape to enhance local identity and unique features and complementary contents are needed. The color guideline was classified into base color, sub color, and accent color in consideration of local features. In particular, natural material color was commonly used for base and sub color in all local governments. Therefore, it is necessary to develop unique material color and distinctive local color for each region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.22-31
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to investigate in resources of natural recreation forest(RNRF) developed both publicly and privately in order to answer the research question: what are the differences in RNRF development between public and private developers. After reviewing the literature, the developer´s decision-making and motivation of investment, and the planning process of natural recreation forest, We constructed the conceptual framework and have formulated the hypothesis of this research. We had obtained data through a questionnaire, which surveyed of 625 visitors at 9 of the 72 natural recreation forests in Korea in 1999, We have analyzed the data using the mean difference test and logistic regression method. We found that 1) the overall quality of resource elements in RNRF has been development excellent except for the sociocultural element of recreational resources, and public recreation forest have been of higher quality than that fo private development, 20 in bivariate analysis, all the variables on quality of RNRF by public developers have turned out to be better than those of private ones, 3) in multivariate analysis, such variable as valley and water, forest and wildness area, wild life, and landscape have been statistically significant at one percent level, 4) the higher the value of valley and water, the higher the probability of public development, while the higher the value of other variables excluding water and valley, the more likelihood the recreational forest is developed by a private developer, and 5) forest and wildness area has been turned out to be the most important independent variable in contributing to the value of dependent variable. The research results suggest that 1) the differences in the quality of resource elements in RNRF developed by public and private body be considered in the planning and design process in order to develop diverse activities to make use of the resource potential, and 2) considering the resource characteristics of private natural recreation forest and the motivation of private developers, private natural recreation forest will possibly be more dynamic and dynamic attractive areas. It is recommended that the difference in the degree of visitor´s satisfaction between public and private development be examined.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.135-146
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• 2018

A Visual landscape planning and management system has been introduced and implemented by each ministry so as to solve the problems of visual landscape destruction due to recognition on the value of natural landscape of beautiful territory and various development projects. At present, this system emphasizes the importance of the visual and perceptual aspect of the landscape however, there is a lack of techniques required for comprehensively predicting, evaluating, and managing it. Furthermore, sustainable landscape management after the completion of development projects has been inadequately carried out, as the focus has been only on consultation in the planning process of the development project in institutional performance. To this end, we presented objective and standardized criteria to predict and judge the effects of development projects on landscapes before project implementation. During the implementation of the development project, the influence of the visual landscape becomes accumulated in the construction progress stage. There is a need to identify the main viewpoints and to examine the continuous changes in the landscape-influencing factors, owing to the remarkable influences on the landscape, such as the change in the topography and the change caused by the artificial structure. During the stage of managing the influence on the visual landscape after the completion of the project, the influence on landscape should be monitored by measuring the change in the continuous landscape-influencing factors and determining the extent to which the actual reduction plan has been implemented. These processes should be performed continuously to maintain the quality of the visual landscape. The change in the landscape caused by the development project is shown to cause relatively greater visual damage than other factors composing the landscape owing to the influence of the artificial factors including the structure or the building. This shows that not only detailed examination of the visual impact before the development project but also continuous management is required during and after the development project. For this purpose, we derived eight landscape-influencing factors including form/shape, line, color, texture, scale/volume, height, skyline, and landscape control point. The proposed considering to be of high utilization in that it has a clear target of the landscape influencing factors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2003

The results of the research were as follows: The entire space of the village was based on natural formation in its initial formation stage. The traditional location conditions and environment were equipped with the possibility and conditions for the development of the village. Spatial boundaries were mostly divided by natural topography. The quantify of lots diminished in spatial structural factors, while the division of roads by hierarchy in terms of size became explicit. Alleys, as the minimum hierarchial nit, were degraded. The residence unit was focused on economic efficiency. Communal use facilities showed an external relations trend as central facilities. The land, unit residence and communal facilities approached the high hierarchial roads. The communal facilities showed relatively higher independence compared to the residence units. The spatial structural changes followed traditional life style in the initial stage of village formation; however, social elements mainly impacted on the changes. Since reform opening, economic elements were major causes of changes, while construction conditions, life style, and awareness of structures impacted upon the changes. Thus, the economic element is the major change element in the Korean Villages, even though other elements will also become diverse.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 1994

When we put a construction on the space organization form of Seyeon-jong garden through a consequence of drawing analysis, we were able to certify that a certain space construction principle was applied as following. First, the arrangement and organization of space construction element embodied systematic order y clearing the character of space, and heightening the degree of cognizance with the means of functionability, scale, height, decorationability, an inclination of artificiality and nature, systemetic approchability. Second, the space construction element of Seyeon-jong garden pursued a harmony of human work and nature for creating a various atmosphere and visual quality. Third, Seyeon-jong garden constructed the space by establishing the measurement of human scale that introduced a conception of near, middle, distant view on the visual angle. Forth, Yun go san introduced the natural shape of 'The song of five friends' as a construction element, and represented the symbolism that he had seeked for throught he arrangement method, christening, composing technique of the space construction element for expressing ideal space which is described in 'The four season song of fishermen' spatially at Seyeon-jong garden. As the results of this study, that Yun go san created his own ideal space that he longed for at Seyeon-jong garden with applying fixed design system, and he realized his will that he strived to form a complete whole in perfect harmony.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.90-102
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• 2008

This paper has aimed to determine how the Suwon Palkyong(水原八景: eight scenic wonders) were formed and the implicature of landscape, such as implicit intention and symbolic significance. For this, the significance and symbolic meaning of the Suwon Palkyong from the time of the 'Hwaseong Chunchu Palgyeong(華城春 秋入景)' have been investigated in order to determine the political and social arguments in Suwon Palkyong that surrounded the formation process and meaning. The 'Hwaseong Chunchu Palkyong' contains a variety of significant elements and factors of Pungmul(Korean drum & dance) as well as formative elements such as a castle. Plantings for beautiful scenery and water use for flood control have also been major elements in the development of Hwaseong. Therefore, it seems that the 'Hwaseong Chunchu Palkyong' is a catchphrase for the future image of the urban landscape. Most Suwon Palkyong sites such as Paldalsan, Namje, Yungneung, Manseokgeo, Chukmanje, Hwahongmun, and Yongji(a pond in Banghwa Suryujeong) are related to the 'Hwaseong Chunchu Palkyong'. 'Gwanggyo Jeokseol(光敎積雪: the landmark mountain, Mt. Gwanggyo with snow)' and 'Paldal Cheongnam(八達晴嵐: Mt. Paldal with shimmering air)' have also been added to Suwon Palkyong. Suwon Palkyong is either directly or indirectly related with water including the origin of Suwoncheon(水原川), an artificial reservoir for flood control and irrigation and Bibopungsu in Yungneung(隆陵), as well as the source of water for rituals after the death of King Jeongjo(正祖大王). Based on Suwon Palkyong, therefore, it can be said that water is a decisive medium in connecting old Suwon with Hwaseong New Town and essential element in the natural landscape. In conclusion, while Hwaseong is a 'Designed Landscape' that was created with a specific intention during the reign of King Jeongjo, the 'Hwaseong Chunchu Palkyong is a 'Desired Landscape' that envisioned a future landscape while Suwon Palkyong is an 'Evolved Landscape' related to the business affairs of the citizens. To completely restore Hwaseong, whose value and importance have been recognized internationally, therefore, the fundamental restoration of a cultural landscape as well as the restoration of the original form of the Hwaseong landscape including Suwon Palkyong is essential.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

Retaining wall is a structure to stabilize the land slope as vertical retaining wall have constructed to make efficiency use of downtown area. Recently to commune with nature and refine a apartment and structure, natural friendly relations for retaining walls are tried to construct. The surface of the concrete walls are weave in various figures and colours, and in some places plant a shrub. Laying a landscape stone which have disclose a plane nature one means keeping up the natural slope, constructively safely set a anchor in front side and rear side wall between the natural stone, plant shrub or ground coverings to give shape into a rock. Natural stone is exposed of surface and planting the gardening, to be a type of natural friendly relations however that will be recycled. The size of blasted nature stone which is irregular become more natural type of one.

• Solar Energy
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• v.13 no.2_3
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• pp.22-29
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• 1993

Indoor thermal environment and energy consumption of buildings are preferentially affected by the microclimate around buildings. It is the first method to improve energy conservation effect of buildings and the ways to utilize natural energy for the comfortable residential environment that the difference between the microclimate condition and the indoor thermal condition is made in minimum as far as possible. There are many factors to control and minimize the difference, but landscape element is the major one among the factors. In this respect, the report analyzes landscape elements and their function to control microclimate and presents basic data for the desirable landscape planning mehtods to improve energy conservation effect of buildings and to attain the comfortable residential environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.16-26
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• 1991

The traditional housing of Cheju Island has been steadily researched, but from the point of an environmental view which has been neglectly treated all the while, the formative process of the housing and its relationship to the structure of a village are studied, so the writer summarized the relation to the housing type. To study the peculiarity of the physical space, a type of a way, and element of the spatial structure, by stage and a type of the arrangement of the residential space are researched and analyzed, and to understand the plane peculiarity, the distribution of the plane type has been studied. In consequence, the housing and the structure and the form of the village have an organic relation each other and have been made under a very diverse and mixed background, we can find. Especially, the element of the natural environment acts as an important element which decides the type of life and the residential type. The arrangement of buildings is gradually free from the traditional type, but a traditional type of "Three-Room House" is kept well in spite of a change of the plane type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to look into the tea-drinking pictures of the Joseon Dynasty in order to find the unique landscape traits of tea-drinking spaces of the era. A number of tea-drinking pictures were drawn during the Joseon Dynasty period and in most cases, the names of the painters are stated as well. These factors make tea-drinking pictures a seminal source that illustrates the landscape traits of the last Dynasty of Korea. For those pictures contain the main components of landscape such as the tastes of 'Yangban'(noblemen), natural characters, and space traits. Since tea was first introduced in Korea during the Three Kingdom Period, tea-drinking culture has a long history in the country. There have been various studies about tea and many study results have been presented. Few research, however, have looked into tea culture from the point of landscape. Under the premise that tea-drinking pictures of Joseon Dynasty can be a cultural code that explains Korean tea-drinking culture, this thesis looked into those pictures from various angles and analyzed them in order to elucidate the attributes of scenery components of tea-drinking spaces that Koreans have forged and developed, and following results could be found. The Landscape components illustrated in tea-drinking pictures of the Joseon Dynasty can be divided into the element of architecture, the element of water, stone and plants. First, for the element of architecture, it was found that tea-drinking took place in anywhere in Korea without specific tea-drinking buildings or gardens unlike the case of Japan. This has to do with traits of Koreans who were not bound by formality and truly loved nature. Second, for the element of water, water contributed to making harmonious landscape. Third, for the element of stone, it was clear that stone had a practical role in providing comfortable place for lying and enjoying tea-drinking and scenery. Fourth, plants made elegant figure in the landscape and were planted in accordance with their inner meaning. Tea-drinking pictures of the Joseon Dynasty elucidates that when it comes to tea-drinking, Koreans were not obsessed with a formality of tea-drinking, or a set of tea ceremony, which is profoundly different with Japanese, and Koreans did not put a limit on a place for tea-drinking because for Koreans any place they sat could be a great place for tea-drinking.