• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

본 연구는 일정한 자세를 장시간 유지하며 작업하는 직업군을 대상으로 자연스런 두부자세(natural head position:NHP)와 두경부 통증에 대하여 조사하였으며, 두경부 통증에 영향을 미칠수 있는 요인에 대하여 평가하였다. 27명의 대상자에게 임상 검사 및 설문지 작성과 면담을 통하여 생활변화로 인한 스트레스정도, 스트레스시 나타나는 안면에 증상 정도, 두경부 통증 경감에 영향을 주는 요인에 대하여 조사하였다. 두부자세 평가를 위하여 후방에 5cm 간격의 눈금을 지닌 자세판을 바닥과 평행하게 설치한 후 사진 촬영을 하였다. 보다 정확한 두부자세 재현을 위하여 수일의 간격을 두고 재차 촬영하였다. 두경부 통증 빈도, 두경부 통증에 따른 두부 자세, 두경부 통증여부에 따른 생활변화, 스트레스로 인한 증상 발현 정도, 통증에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인에 대하여 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 자연스런 두부 자세에서 평균적으로 $-0.70{\pm}2.74$로 약간 좌측으로 기울이고 있으며, acromion은 $-0.26{\pm}2.10$으로 좌측으로 기울어져 있었다. 수직선과 흉쇄유돌근이 이루는 각도, 수평선과 eye-tragus 을 이은 연장선이 이루는 각도, pulm line에서 acrominon에 이르는 거리와 tragus에 이르는 거리에서 유의성이 있었다 2. 구강안면 동통을 가진 군과 구강안면동통이 없다고 대답한 군에서 평균적인 NHP 측정치와 NHP양에서는 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 3. 두경부 통증이 있는 군과 없는 군사이에는 통계학적으로 유의성은 없었으나 12개월 이내의 생활 변화량과 변화횟수에서 통증이 없는 군이 생활 변화량과 그 횟수가 더 많았다. 4. 스트레스 증상 발현정도는 두경부 통증이 있는 군이 두경부 통증이 없는 군에 비하여 더 많은 빈도를 보였다. 5. 취미생활이나 운동을 행하는 군과 그렇지 않은 군사이에 두경부 통증에 대한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 연구에서 일정한 자세를 유지하며 작업하는 직업군에서의 구강안면통증을 평가하는데 있어서는 두부자세의 평가가 이루어져야하며, 두경부 통증에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다각적 요인을 분석하여 두경부 통증 처치에 전문적인 처방이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.457-473
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the morophological and positional correlation between the upper cervical vertebra, the oral structures and the pharyngeal tissues, and the correlation of these anatomical structures with dental features, such as teeth wear area nad tooth contact status, etc. Seventy patients with temporamandibular disorders and sixty three dental students without any signs and symptoms in head and neck region were selected for this study. All they had natural dentition without any fixed and removable protheses. Teeth wear area and arch width wre measured from the upper dental cast, tooth contact status were observed by T-Scan system$^\textregistered$ and four cephaloradiograpohs were taken from four head postures, namely, natural(NHP), forward(FHP), upward(UHP), and downward head postiure(DHP). 22 cephalometric items were measured on the films and the data were processed with SAS statistical program. The result of this study were as follows : 1. In normal group, angle of cervical vertebra tangent and of between hard and soft palate were broader in female subjects than those in male subjacets, but distance from subocciput to axis, size of soft palate, and pharyngeal space width were larger in male subjects. 2. In normal group with natural head posture, the items correlated each others from the three anatomical regions were distance between first nad second vertebra in posterior part, distance from the lingual surface of lower anterior teeth to anterior surface of soft palate, and distance from the hyoid bone to third vertebra. 3. Three set of items showed significant correlation each other in the four head postures in normal group. First set was the angle between hard and soft palate and the idstance from subocciput to posterior arch of first vertebra, second set was the distance between first and second vertebra in posterior part and the teeth wear area, third set was number and force of tooth contact and length of soft palate and distance from anterior tip of hyoid bone to mandibular plane.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2015

Objective: As a cue for desired mood, we attempted to identify types of sitting postures when people are involved in various tasks during their working hours. Background: Physical behaviors in reaction to user contexts were studied, such as automated posture analysis for detecting a subject's emotion. Sitting postures have high feasibility and can be detected robustly with a sensing chair, especially when it comes to an office. Method: First, we attached seven sensors, including six pressure sensors and one distance sensor, to an office chair. In Part 1, we recorded participants' postures while they took part in four different tasks. From the seven sensors, we gathered five sets of data related to the head, the lumbar, the hip, thigh pressure and the distance between the backrest and the body. We classified them into four postures: leaning forward, upright, upright with the lumbar supporting, and leaning backward. In part 2, we requested the subjects to take suitable poses for the each of the four task types. In this way, we compared the matches between postures and tasks in a natural setting to those in a controlled situation. Results: We derived four types of sitting postures that were mapped onto the different tasks. The comparison yielded no statistical significance between Parts 1 and 2. In addition, there was a significant association between the task types and the posture types. Conclusion: The users' sitting postures were related to different types of tasks. This study demonstrates how human emotion can interact with lighting, as mediated through physical behavior. Application: We developed a posture-based lighting system that manipulates the quality of office lighting and is operated by changes in one's posture. Facilitated by this system, color temperatures ranging between 3,000K and 7,000K and illuminations ranging between 300lx and 700lx were modulated.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the actual state of childbirth in Korean women with natural childbirth and the degree of damage to the perineum during childbirth. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of mothers who had natural childbirth at a hospital in Seoul, Korea in 2018. Data from 358 women with cephalic births at greater than 37 gestational weeks were analyzed. To determine natural childbirth characteristics and the degree of damage to the perineum, descriptive statistics were done. The difference in the degree of perineal injury according to obstetric characteristics was analyzed using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean age was 33.18±3.68 years, and 49.2% were primiparas, while 39% gave birth with a doula. The degree of perineal damage differed by age (F=9.15, p<.001), parity (t=19.13, p<.001), number of births in multiparity (F=3.68, p=.027), previous vaginal delivery in multiparity (F=3.00, p=.032) and birthing posture (F=7.44, p<.001). Having received therapeutic procedures (t=-4.62, p<.001), specifically fluid administration (t=-2.72, p=.007), oxygen supply (t=-2.76, p=.006) and epidural anesthesia (t=-2.77, p=.006) were statistically significant for perineal damage. There were no differences, however, by gestational period, doula use, water room use in labor, baby head circumference, or birth weight. Conclusion: Study findings suggest that support for older women, primiparas, and those who require therapeutic procedures may help to decrease the possibility of perineal damage during childbirth. As perineal damage was also associated with birthing posture, this should be considered when providing intrapartum nursing care.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2015

Objective : The purposes of this study was to analyze the effects of the stirrup length fitted to the rider's lower limb length and it's impact on less skilled riders during trot in equestrian events. Methods : Participants selected as subjects consisted of less skilled riders(n=5, mean age: $40.02{\pm}10.75yrs$, mean heights: $169.77{\pm}2.08cm$, mean body weights: $67.65{\pm}7.76kg$, lower limb lengths: $97.26{\pm}2.35cm$, mean horse heights: $164.00{\pm}5.74cm$ with 2 type of stirrups lengths(lower limb ratio 74.04%, and 79.18%) during trot. The variables analyzed consisted of the displacement for Y axis and Z axis(head, and center of mass[COM]) with asymmetric index, trunk front-rear angle(consistency index), lower limb joint(Right hip, knee, and ankle), and average vertical forces of horse rider during 1 stride in trot. The 4 camcorder(HDR-HC7/HDV 1080i, Spony Corp, Japan) was used to capture horse riding motion at a rate of 60 frames/sec. Raw data was collected from Kwon3D XP motion analysis package ver 4.0 program(Visol, Korea) during trot. Results : The movements and asymmetric index didn't show significant difference at head and COM, Also, 74.04% stirrups lengths in trunk tilting angle showed significant difference with higher consistency than that of 79.18% stirrups lengths. Hip and knee joint angle showed significant difference with more extended posture than that of 74.04% stirrups lengths during trot. Ankle angle of 79.18% stirrups length showed more plantarflexion than that of 74.04% stirrups lengths. Average vertical force of rider showed significant difference with higher force at 79.18% stirrups lengths than that of 74.04% stirrups lengths during stance phase. Conclusion : When considering the above, 74.04% stirrups length could be effective in impulse reduction with consistent posture in rather less skilled horse riders.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Background: As the increase of forward head position, we studied the change of thickness of deep cervical flexor (DCF) compared of with sternocleidomastoid (SCM). we measured and analysed the change of thickness of the neck flexor for forward head position and cranio-cervical flexion exercise (CCFE). Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted the study selecting 35 healthy adults (12 males, 23 females). We measured the craniovertebral angle (CVA), instructed them to perform the CCFE, and measured the DCF and SCM using ultrasonography during the contraction and relaxation period. Results: Intra-reliability of SCM is .96, longus capitis is .92 and longus coli is .97. we compared according to the change of forward head position, Correlation of DCF is .841, and DCF/SCM is .754 by significant positive correlation. At the comparison of CCFE and Resting muscle thickness, SCM and DCF is .00, DCF/SCM is .68. Conclusion: There is a strong positive correlation between the change amount of DCF and DCF/SCM as the increase of CVA.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

본 연구는 스윙 변수의 관찰과 스윙에 미치는 원인을 종합적으로 분석한다. 골프공은 임팩트 후에는 제어가 되지 않는다. 공은 혼자 날아가 버린다. 그러므로 임팩트 전에 제어를 해야 된다. 이 논문에서 연구의 주제는 훅과 슬라이스의 원인을 찾아보고 해결의 방법을 모색하려고 한다. $\Delta$-평면은 임팩트후의 초기속도와 스핀축의 직각 방향인 양력의 방향을 포함하는 평면으로 스윙 속도 방향벡터와 클럽면의 직각방향으로 이루어진 평면이다. 골프 스윙에 있어서 미스샷의 교정에 $\Delta$-평면을 이용하기 위하여 이론적인 고찰과 기존의 이론과의 비교 연구하여 골퍼의 스윙을 지도하여 경기력을 향상하는데 본 연구의 목적이다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2013

Purpose: This study assessed the accuracy of linear and angular measurements on panoramic radiographs taken at different positions in vitro. Materials and Methods: Two acrylic models were fabricated from a cast with normal occlusion. Straight and $75^{\circ}$ mesially and lingually angulated pins were placed, and standardized panoramic radiographs were taken at standard position, at an $8^{\circ}$ downward tilt of the occlusal plane compared to the standard position, at an $8^{\circ}$ upward tilt of the anterior occlusal plane, and at a $10^{\circ}$ downward tilt of the right and left sides of the model. On the radiographs, the length of the pins above (crown) and below (root) the occlusal plane, total pin length, crown-to-root ratio, and angulation of pins relative to the occlusal plane were calculated. The data were subjected to repeated measures ANOVA and LSD multiple comparisons tests. Results: Significant differences were noted between the radiographic measurements and true values in different positions on both models with linear (P<0.001) and those with angulated pins (P<0.005). No statistically significant differences were observed between the angular measurements and baselines of the natural head posture at different positions for the linear and angulated pins. Conclusion: Angular measurements on panoramic radiographs were sufficiently accurate and changes in the position of the occlusal plane equal to or less than $10^{\circ}$ had no significant effect on them. Some variations could exist in the pin positioning (head positioning), and they were tolerable while taking panoramic radiographs. Linear measurements showed the least errors in the standard position and $8^{\circ}$ upward tilt of the anterior part of the occlusal plane compared to other positions.