• 제목/요약/키워드: Natural Language Process

검색결과 244건 처리시간 0.025초

Improving the Classification of Population and Housing Census with AI: An Industry and Job Code Study

  • Byung-Il Yun;Dahye Kim;Young-Jin Kim;Medard Edmund Mswahili;Young-Seob Jeong
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.21-29
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    • 2023
  • 본 논문에서는 인구 조사에서 산업 및 직업 코드를 자동 분류하기 위한 인공지능 기반 시스템을 제안한다. 산업 및 직업 코드의 정확한 분류는 정책 결정, 자원 할당 및 연구를 위해 매우 중요하지만, 기존의 방식은 사람이 작성한 사례 사전에 의존하는 규칙 기반 방식으로 규칙 생성에 필요한 시간과 자원이 많이 소요되며 오류 발생 가능성이 높다. 우리는 본 논문에서 통계 기관에서 사용하는 기존의 규칙 기반 시스템을 대체하기 위해 사용자가 입력한 데이터를 이용하는 인공지능 기반 시스템을 제안하였다. 이 논문에서는 여러 모델을 학습하고 평가하여 산업에서 86.76%의 일치율, 직업에서 81.84%의 일치율을 달성한 앙상블 모델을 개발하였다. 또한, 분류 확률 결과를 기반으로 프로세스 개선 작업도 제안하였다. 우리가 제안한 방법은 전이 학습 기술을 활용하여 사전 학습된 모델과 결합하는 앙상블 모델을 사용하였으며, 개별 모델과 비교하여 앙상블 모델의 성능이 더 높아짐을 보였다. 본 논문에서는 인공지능 기반 시스템이 인구 조사 데이터 분류의 정확성과 효율성을 향상시키는 잠재력을 보여주며, 인공지능으로 이러한 프로세스를 자동화함으로써 더 정확하고 일관된 결과를 달성하며 기관 직원의 작업 부담을 줄일 수 있다는 점을 보여준다.

A Study of Segmental and Syllabic Intervals of Canonical Babbling and Early Speech

  • Chen, Xiaoxiang;Xiao, Yunnan
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제28권
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    • pp.115-139
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    • 2012
  • Interval or duration of segments, syllables, words and phrases is an important acoustic feature which influences the naturalness of speech. A number of cross-sectional studies regarding acoustic characteristics of children's speech development found that intervals of segments, syllables, words and phrases tend to change with the growing age. One hypothesis assumed that decreases in intervals would be greater when children were younger and smaller decreases in intervals when older (Thelen,1991), it has been supported by quite a number of researches on the basis of cross-sectional studies (Tingley & Allen,1975; Kent & Forner,1980; Chermak & Schneiderman, 1986), but the other hypothesis predicted that decreases in intervals would be smaller when children were younger and greater decreases in intervals when older (Smith, Kenney & Hussain, 1996). Researchers seem to come up with conflicting postulations and inconsistent results about the change trends concerning intervals of segments, syllables, words and phrases, leaving it as an issue unresolved. Most acoustic investigations of children's speech production have been conducted via cross-sectional designs, which involves studying several groups of children. So far, there are only a few longitudinal studies. This issue needs more longitudinal investigations; moreover, the acoustic measures of the intervals of child speech are hardly available. All former studies focus on word stages excluding the babbling stages especially the canonical babbling stage, but we need to find out when concrete changes of intervals begin to occur and what causes the changes. Therefore, we conducted an acoustic study of interval characteristics of segments and words concerning Canonical Babble ( CB) and early speech in an infant aged from 0;9 to 2;4 acquiring Mandarin Chinese. The current research addresses the following two questions: 1. Whether decreases in interval would be greater when children were younger and smaller when they were older or vice versa? 2. Whether the child speech concerning the acoustic features of interval drifts in the direction of the language they are exposed to? The female infant whose L1 was Southern Mandarin living in Changsha was audio- and video-taped at her home for about one hour almost on a weekly basis during her age range from 0;9 to 2;4 under natural observation by us investigators. The recordings were digitized. Parts of the digitized material were labeled. All the repetitions were excluded. The utterances were extracted from 44 sessions ranging from 30 minutes to one hour. The utterances were divided into segments as well as syllable-sized units. Age stages are 0;9-1;0,1;1-1;5, 1;6-2;0, 2;1-2;4. The subject was a monolingual normal child from parents with a good education. The infant was audio-and video-taped in her home almost every week. The data were digitized, segments and syllables from 44 sessions spanning the transition from babble to speech were transcribed in narrow IPA and coded for analysis. Babble was coded from age 0;9-1;0, and words were coded from 1;0 to 2;4, the data has been checked by two professionally trained persons who majored in phonetics. The present investigation is a longitudinal analysis of some temporal characteristics of the child speech during the age periods of 0;9-1;0, 1;1-1;5, 1;6-2;0, 2;1-2;4. The answer to Research Question 1 is that our results are in agreement with neither of the hypotheses. One hypothesis assumed that decreases in intervals would be greater when children were younger and smaller decreases in intervals when older (Thelen,1991); but the other hypothesis predicted that decreases in intervals would be smaller when children were younger and greater decreases in intervals when older (Smith, Kenney & Hussain, 1996). On the whole, there is a tendency of decrease in segmental and syllabic duration with the growing age, but the changes are not drastic and abrupt. For example, /a/ after /k/ in Table 1 has greater decrease during 1;1-1;5, while /a/ after /p/, /t/ and /w/ has greater decrease during 2;1-2;4. /ka/ has greater decrease during 1;1-1;5, while /ta/ and /na/ has greater decrease during 2;1-2;4.Across the age periods, interval change experiences lots of fluctuation all the time. The answer to Research Question 2 is yes. Babbling stage is a period in which the children's acoustic features of intervals of segments, syllables, words and phrases is shifted in the direction of the language to be learned, babbling and children's speech emergence is greatly influenced by ambient language. The phonetic changes in terms of duration would go on until as late as 10-12 years of age before reaching adult-like levels. Definitely, with the increase of exposure to ambient language, the variation would be less and less until they attain the adult-like competence. Via the analysis of the SPSS 15.0, the decrease of segmental and syllabic intervals across the four age periods proves to be of no significant difference (p>0.05). It means that the change of segmental and syllabic intervals is continuous. It reveals that the process of child speech development is gradual and cumulative.

전문어의 범용 공간 매핑을 위한 비선형 벡터 정렬 방법론 (Nonlinear Vector Alignment Methodology for Mapping Domain-Specific Terminology into General Space)

  • 김준우;윤병호;김남규
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.127-146
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    • 2022
  • 최근 워드 임베딩이 딥러닝 기반 자연어 처리를 다루는 다양한 업무에서 우수한 성능을 나타내면서, 단어, 문장, 그리고 문서 임베딩의 고도화 및 활용에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 예를 들어 교차 언어 전이는 서로 다른 언어 간의 의미적 교환을 가능하게 하는 분야로, 임베딩 모델의 발전과 동시에 성장하고 있다. 또한 핵심 기술인 벡터 정렬(Vector Alignment)은 임베딩 기반 다양한 분석에 적용될 수 있다는 기대에 힘입어 학계의 관심이 더욱 높아지고 있다. 특히 벡터 정렬은 최근 수요가 높아지고 있는 분야간 매핑, 즉 대용량의 범용 문서로 학습된 사전학습 언어모델의 공간에 R&D, 의료, 법률 등 전문 분야의 어휘를 매핑하거나 이들 전문 분야간의 어휘를 매핑하기 위한 실마리를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 하지만 학계에서 주로 연구되어 온 선형 기반 벡터 정렬은 기본적으로 통계적 선형성을 가정하기 때문에, 본질적으로 상이한 형태의 벡터 공간을 기하학적으로 유사한 것으로 간주하는 가정으로 인해 정렬 과정에서 필연적인 왜곡을 야기한다는 한계를 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 데이터의 비선형성을 효과적으로 학습하는 딥러닝 기반 벡터 정렬 방법론을 제안한다. 제안 방법론은 서로 다른 공간에서 벡터로 표현된 전문어 임베딩을 범용어 임베딩 공간에 정렬하는 스킵연결 오토인코더와 회귀 모델의 순차별 학습으로 구성되며, 학습된 두 모델의 추론을 통해 전문 어휘를 범용어 공간에 정렬할 수 있다. 제안 방법론의 성능을 검증하기 위해 2011년부터 2020년까지 수행된 국가 R&D 과제 중 '보건의료' 분야의 문서 총 77,578건에 대한 실험을 수행한 결과, 제안 방법론이 기존의 선형 벡터 정렬에 비해 코사인 유사도 측면에서 우수한 성능을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

토목공사용 4D 시스템의 효율적인 자연지형 표현을 위한 멀티텍스처링 기법 적용기술 개발 (Application Technology of Multi-texturing for Effective Representation of Natural Ground on the 4D System for Civil Engineering Projects)

  • 강인석;곽중민;지상복;김창학;이용수
    • 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국건설관리학회 2004년도 제5회 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.349-352
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    • 2004
  • 4D-CAD 시스템에 대한 공사관리 도구로서의 활용가능성이 제기되기 시작한 것은 1990년대 후반이후의 일이다. 현재까지 몇몇 4D 시스템틀이 개발 $\cdot$ 적용되고는 있으나, 상용화 및 보편화를 위한 해결되어야 할 다수의 문제점들을 가지고 있다. 특히 자연지형과 계획시설물의 형상을 함께 표현하여야 하는 토목시설물에 대한 4D 시스템 구현에 있어서는 더 많은 해결되어야할 과제들이 존재하고 있다. 토목시설물에 대한 4D 시스템 구현에 있어서의 주요문제점 중 하나는 계획 시설물의 3차원 형상을 그와 접하고 있는 자연지형과 함께 표현할 수 있는 3D 모델을 생성하는 작업량의 방대성이다. 현재까지 이러한 작업은 대부분 수작업으로 진행되어 왔으나, 본 연구에서는 수치지도로부터 얻어지는 지형 삼각망과 계획단면으로부터 생성될 수 있는 계획삼각망을 자동으로 합성할 수 있는 방법론을 제안하며, 더 나아가 양삼각망 간의 합성과정을 생략하고 4D 모델을 구현학 수 있는 방안으로서 VRML의 멀티텍스처링 (multi-texturing) 기법을 적용하는 방법론을 각각 제안하고, 실제 4D 시스템의 구성기능으로서 적용하였다. 이러한 3D 모델 생성의 간편화 기법은 토목시설물에 대한 4D 시스템의 대중화 및 보편화를 위한 핵심기술로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

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NATM 터널 공정리스크 데이터베이스 구축 및 리스크 분류체계 개발 (Establishment of Risk Database and Development of Risk Classification System for NATM Tunnel)

  • 김현비;바타갈래 위누리 키만디가 가루나라내;김병수
    • 한국건설관리학회논문집
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.32-41
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    • 2024
  • 건설산업은 안전사고뿐 아니라 공기지연, 원가상승, 환경오염 등의 여러 복합적인 리스크가 발생하며 이를 해결하기 위한 관리기술이 필요하다. 그 중에서 프로젝트에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 공정리스크의 관리는 그 중요성에 비해 관련정보가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 각 프로젝트마다 상이한 분류체계 사용으로 인한 리스크 정보검색의 어려움을 해소하기 위하여 MATM 터널 공정리스크분류체계를 개발하고자 하였다. 리스크수집은 기존 문헌검토와 Experience Mining 기법을 사용하였고 DB구축은 자연어처리 개념을 활용하였다. 분류체계의 구조는 자료의 호환성을 고려하여 기존 WBS 구조를 채택하였고, WBS의 공종과 연결된 RBS를 구축하였다. 연구결과 공종별 리스크를 쉽게 파악하고 리스크에 연결된 리스크특성과 리스크요인이 직관적으로 드러나는 리스크분류체계가 완성되었다. 구축된 분류체계의 활용성 검증결과 사용자의 키워드 입력으로 공종별 리스크와 리스크요인이 쉽게 식별되어 분류체계는 유효한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 NATM터널 계획 및 설계 시 작업공종에 따르는 리스크를 미리 식별하고 그 요인에 맞는 대응방안을 수립하여 비용과 공사기간의 증가를 방지하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

고려의 원시영역 유목초지, 그 부르칸(불함)이즘과 한국축산의 비전 (Burqanism from the Origin of the Pastoral Nomadic Koryo Region and the Vision of Korean Livestock Farming)

  • 주채혁
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 2005
  • Khori(高麗) refers to the Chaabog(reindeer) that live on lichens(蘚) on Mt. Soyon(鮮) in which pastures are the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia. Thus, the origin region of the Khori or Koguryo that are the ancestors of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads(馴鹿 遊牧民) can be said to be the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas of North Eurasia and North America. When the pastoral nomads moved on to the great mountain(大山) zone of the Jangbaek(長白) to the Baekdu(白頭) Mountains, they could have been in contact with pastoral farmers or agricultural farmers living there and they became the farmers remaining on agricultural farms. They were the Koryo people, the ancestors of Korea. Staying in one place, they gradually forgot the origin of their reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic history in the Northwest area of Mt. Soyon, the small mountain(小山) zone of the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas. In other words, they lost their identity as reindeer-herding pastoral nomads when they entered the agricultural area after leaving the pastoral area. However, since their basic genes had already formed when they lived on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia, it is possible to study their pastoral nomadic history focusing on 'the minority living in the broad area(廣域少數)', by utilizing highly advanced biotechnological science and focusing on genes and information technology innovation, and removing various past hindrances in research. Therefore, it is not so difficult to restore the reindeerherding pastoral nomadic history of the Koguryo(高句麗) people and secure their pastoral nomadic identity, of which the first steps have already been taken into their historical stages. The Eurasian continent and the Korean peninsula, especially the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the Korean peninsula have been closely related to each other ecologically and historically. They can never be a separate space at all. The Eurasian continent lies horizontally east to west and thus, the continent forms an isothermal zone. Also, since the time of producing their own foods, it was relatively easy for people with their technology to move to other places owing to the pastoral nomadic characteristic of mobility. Unlike the Chungyen(中原) region, western Asia and the regions covering the Siberia-Manchu-Korean peninsula where food production revolution was first made were connected to the Mongolian lichens route(蘚苔之路: Ni, ukinii jam) and steppe roads. Although the ecological conditions of nature have changed a bit throughout a long history, it was natural for the many tribes in North Asia living on the largest Steppe-Taiga-Tundra area in the world to have believed 'the legends related to animals in relation to their founders and ancestors(獸祖傳說)'. Assuming that Siberian tigers and the tigers living on Mt. Baekdu were connected ecologically and genetically because of the ecological characteristics of the animals, and their migration from plateau to plateau, we would suspect that the Chosun(朝鮮) tribe living on Mt. Baekdu were ethnically and culturally more closely connected to the farther removed Ural-Altai tribes that lived on the cold and dry plateau region than to the Han(i14;) tribe who lived in Chungyen(中原) that was close to Mt. Baekdu. More evidence is the structure of the Korean language which has the form of 'Subject + Object + Verb', which is assumed to have originated from the speedy lifestyle of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads. The structure is quite different from that of the Han(漢) language, which is based on agricultural life. Also, it is natural for reindeer riding reindeerherding pastoral nomads or horse-riding sheep-herding pastoral nomads(騎馬, 羊遊牧民) to have held military and political power over the region and eventually to have established an ancient pastoral nomadic empire in the process of their conquest of agricultural regions. The stages for founding global empires in the history of mankind maybe largely divided into two, in terms of ecological conditions and occupations. They are the steppes and the oceans. Of course, the steppe-based empires were established based on the skills to deal with horses and the ability to shoot arrows while riding horses, along with the use of iron ware in the 8th century BC. The steppe-based empires became the foundation for an oceanic empire, which could have been established by the use of warships and warship guns since the 15th Century. Based on those facts, we know that Chosun, Puyo(夫餘), and Koguryo are the products of a developmental process of pastoral nomadic empires on the steppes. Maybe we can easily find the pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo more than we expected when we trace the origins and history of the Korean tribe living in the pastures located in the northwest area of Mt. Jangbaek by focusing on pastoral nomadic mobility and organization just as we have investigated the historic origins of Anglo-Saxons in America by focusing on the times before the 15th Century. In the process, we should keep in mind that English culture originated from the Industrial Revolution and was directly delivered to the American continent, although America was far from England and was not an intermediate point on long sojourns either. Further, American culture came back to England in a more advanced form later. The most important thing currently to be resolved is to cause Koreans to look back on their own history in a freer way of thinking and with diverse, profound, and sharp insight, taking away the old and existing conventional recognition that is entangled with complicated interests with Korean people and other countries. The meanings of Chosun, Khori, and Solongos have been interpreted arbitrarily without any historic evidence by the scholars who followed conventional tradition of fixed-minded aristocrats in an agricultural society. If the Siberian cultural properties of the stone age, the earthenware age, the bronze age, and the iron age are analyzed in such a way, archaeological discovery will never be able to contribute to the restoration of the Koguryo's pastoral nomadic identity. One should transcend the errors that tend to interpret the cultural properties discovered in the pastoral nomadic regions as not being differentiated from those of agricultural regions and just interpret them altogether from the agricultural point of view. A more careful intention is required in the interpretation of cultural properties of ancient Korean empires that seem to have been formed due to mutual interactions of pastoral nomadic and agricultural cultures. Also, it is required that the conventional recognition chain of 'reverse-genes' be severed, which has placed more weight on agricultural properties than pastoral nomadic ones, since their settlement on agricultural farms was made after the establishment of their ancient pastoral nomadic empires. There is no reason at all to place priority on stoneware, earthenware, bronze ware, and iron ware than on wooden ware(木器) and other ware which were made of animal skins(皮器), bones and horns(骨角器), in analyzing the history in the regions of reindeer or sheep pastures. Reading ancient Korean history from the perspective of pastoral nomadic history, one feels strongly the instinctive emotions to return to the natural 'mother place'. The reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo people that has been accumulated in volumes in their genes and hidden deep inside and have interacted organically could be reborn with Burqanism(Burqan refers to 不咸 in Chinese), which was their religion by birth and symbolized as the red willow(紅柳=不咸). The mother place of the Koguryo's people is the endless vast green pastures of North Eurasia and North America, where we anticipated the development of Korean livestock farming following the inherent properties in the genes of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads with Korean ancestors. We anticipate that the place would be the core resource that could contribute to the development of life of living creatures following the inherent properties of their genes and biotechnological factors. In other words, biotechnology used for a search for clues on the well-being of humans could be the fruit brought by Burqanism of the Koguryo people and the fruit of the globalization of Korean livestock farming. It is the Chosun farmer in China come from the vast nomadic reindeer pastures of North Eurasia that resolved the food problem of a billion Chinese people with lowland paddy rice seeds (水稻) by transforming Heilongjiang Province(黑龍江省) into an oceanic lowland paddy rice field(水田). Even Mao Tse-tung(毛擇東) could not resolve the food problem by his revolution campaigns for tens of years. Today is the very time that requires the development of special livestock farming following the inherent properties of the ancient Korean reindeer-herding pastoral nomads that respected the dignity of life on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the America continent. I suggest that research should be started from the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe in East Mongolia that was the homeland of Hanwoo(韓牛) and the central horse-herding steppe place(牧馬場) of Chingis Khan's Mongolia. The Dariganga Steppe is awash with an affluent natural environment for pastoral nomadic living however, the quality of life of the pastoral nomads there is still low. I suggest we Koreans, the descendents of the Koguryo, should take our first steps for our livestock farming business project and develop the Northern nomadic pastures, here at the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe, which is the Mongolian core place of state-of-the-art technology for military weapons.

근현대 한글 컴퓨터서체의 변화와 디지털폰트가 Caligraphy에 준 영향에 관한 연구 (Studies about Changes in Modern Korean Font and Effect of Digital Font to Caligraphy Design Thinking of Korea)

  • 이성수;최병묵
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제8권6호
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    • pp.159-163
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    • 2008
  • 최근의 우리나라 타이포그래피의 트랜드가 다양해지고 있다. 그 중에서 2005년 이후에 나타난 트랜드가 캘리그라피인데 일반적인 담론은 우연의 현상으로 보고 있는 것이 현실이다. 그러나 한글캘리그래피의 태동은 한글타이포그라피에 관심이 있어 지켜보는 관점에서는 전혀 그렇지가 않다. 그 이유는 한글의 기계화가 미국이나 일본보다 늦어서이다. 우리나라는 일본에 병합되고 6.25민족동란을 겪으면서 경제적 자립이 늦어지고 그에 맞는 문화적인 발전도 늦어졌다. 우리글인 한글이 자립한 시점도 1990년 초반으로 컴퓨터의 도입과 함께 한글의 원도를 스캔하여 기본적인 기틀을 구축함과 시기를 같이한다. 80년대 후반부터 한글에 자주화에 많은 노력이 있었으나 소프트웨어적인 문제보다 한글은 하드웨어적인 부분의 어려움을 겪었다. 90년대 초반에는 주로 기본적인 글자생활을 하기위한 명조나 고딕체등 최정호의 서체를 컴퓨터라는 하드웨어에 끼워 맞추는 것이 전부였다면 그 이후 90년대 후반까지는 새로운 아이디어와 기획되어진 서체를 디자인적으로 양식화된 서체를 만들어 보급하는데 중점을 두었던 시대라 할 수 있다. 2000년대에 들어서서는 한국서체회사의 양대 메이저라고 할 수 있는 산돌글자은행과 윤디자인연구소가 새롭게 만들어 선보인 서체들이 산돌글자은행의 '옛멋글씨'(주로 한글개발이후 목판본)를 윤디자인연구소는 서예느낌이 나는 '필' 시리즈를 내놓음으로 손 글씨의 맛을 디자인 시장에 맛보였다. 이러한 반복된 과정은 지금의 캘리그래프로 나가는 자연스러운 원동력이 되었고 이 양대 메이저의 회사의 역할은 지금의 캘리그래피의 시대를 낳는 자연스러운 산파역할을 했다.

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꼬뀔라의 의미분석망에 의한 폴 클레의 "매직 스퀘어" 연구 (A study of Paul Klee's by of Bernard Cocula)

  • 유재길
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제1권
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    • pp.63-93
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    • 1999
  • This treatise begins with finding a meaning of Paul Klee's . It is pretty simpleto choose the square of Klee. The most important formative language for twenty century is abstraction. The element of speaking for abstraction issquare. The artists are trying to contain the nature and universe in the square. The role of magic square consisting with small squares of Klee is crystallized. The other side, the test of this study is a method analysis. The method analysis is changing while concept and style have been changing according to a period. The existing method analysis is an iconology used many times in Art history. This treatise introduces France symbolists, Bernard Cocula and Claude Peyroutet's analysis of a meaning of image(Semantique do l'image) who were applied to Modern Art. based on Iconography. It also applies to analysis of artwork of Klee. Cocula's is developed from one phase to five phase step by step. The first phase deals with an appearance of artwork. Subsequently, the second phase is directly adjacent to personal feeling and impression. This is an adequate method for image study in the analysis of modern arts. This phase makes it a rule to enjoy talking with artworks above all. The third phase begins with this question 'What do you see? (que voyons-nous?).' The applies exhaustively and strictly to complicated image artworks which need an elaborate analysis. It is very hard but audiences must try to maintain neutrality in front of artwork because cord formation and interpretation should be formed objectively. The meaning analysis and interpretation of the forth phase begins with this question 'what is the image rouse'(qu'evoque cote image?).' This phase is the most important in a process of symbolic analysis. The audience investigates personal elements and common elements. The fifth is synthetic analysis and interpretation phase. The synthesis is last phase and it reaches a valuation and a conclusion. Namely, the synthesis phase makes up synthesis conclusion, summarizes image character, and completes value adjudication. Sometimes it completes no conclusions in a silence. This study found a new possible analysis example from Paul Klee's work. The study emphasizes square analysis and interpretation and uses . The analysis of artwork by Cocula's is an example of the most important work of Klee's three artworks. The first analysis of artwork is and the second one is . The third one is . In these analyses, Klee usedmagic square 'to make natural pictorial element and to explain organic living things.'

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광고 글 필터링 모델 적용 및 성능 향상 방안 (Application of Advertisement Filtering Model and Method for its Performance Improvement)

  • 박래근;윤혁진;신의철;안영진;정승도
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제21권11호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2020
  • 최근 기하급수적인 인터넷 데이터의 증가로 딥러닝 등의 많은 분야가 발전하였지만 바이럴 마케팅(viral marketing)과 같은 상업적 목적의 광고가 발견되면서 정보증가의 부작용이 발생하고 있다. 이는 양질의 정보를 공유하고자 하는 인터넷의 본질을 훼손하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 사용자는 양질의 정보를 습득하기 위해 검색시간이 증가하는 문제가 야기된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 광고(Ad: Advertisement, 이하 Ad) 글을 정보 전달의 본질을 흐리는 내용의 글이라 정의하였으며 본 정의에 부합하는 정보로 필터링하는 모델을 제안하였다. 제안하는 모델은 광고 필터링 경로와 광고 필터링 성능 개선경로로 구성되었으며 지속적으로 성능이 개선되도록 설계하였다. 광고 글 필터링을 위해 데이터를 수집하고 KorBERT를 사용하여 문서분류를 학습하였다. 본 모델의 성능을 검증하기 위해 실험을 진행하였으며 5개의 주제를 통합한 데이터에 대한 정확도(Accuracy), 정밀도(Precision)는 각각 89.2%, 84.3%의 결과를 나타냈고 광고의 비정형적 특성을 고려하더라도 높은 성능이 보임을 확인하였다. 본 모델을 통해 바이럴 마케팅으로 구성된 문서에서 광고 문단을 판단하고 필터링하여 사용자에게 양질의 정보를 효과적으로 전달하며 검색하는 과정에서 낭비되는 시간과 피로가 감소할 것으로 기대된다.

외란의 변화가 있는 PMSM의 강인하고 정밀한 위치 제어에 대한 연구 (A Study on Robust and Precise Position Control of PMSM under Disturbance Variation)

  • 이익선;여원석;정성철;박건호;고종선
    • 전기학회논문지
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    • 제67권11호
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    • pp.1423-1433
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    • 2018
  • Recently, a permanent magnet synchronous motor of middle and small-capacity has high torque, high precision control and acceleration / deceleration characteristics. But existing control has several problems that include unpredictable disturbances and parameter changes in the high accuracy and rigidity control industry or nonlinear dynamic characteristics not considered in the driving part. In addition, in the drive method for the control of low-vibration and high-precision, the process of connecting the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the load may cause the response characteristic of the system to become very unstable, to cause vibration, and to overload the system. In order to solve these problems, various studies such as adaptive control, optimal control, robust control and artificial neural network have been actively conducted. In this paper, an incremental encoder of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is used to detect the position of the rotor. And the position of the detected rotor is used for low vibration and high precision position control. As the controller, we propose augmented state feedback control with a speed observer and first order deadbeat disturbance observer. The augmented state feedback controller performs control that the position of the rotor reaches the reference position quickly and precisely. The addition of the speed observer to this augmented state feedback controller compensates for the drop in speed response characteristics by using the previously calculated speed value for the control. The first order deadbeat disturbance observer performs control to reduce the vibration of the motor by compensating for the vibrating component or disturbance that the mechanism has. Since the deadbeat disturbance observer has a characteristic of being vulnerable to noise, it is supplemented by moving average filter method to reduce the influence of the noise. Thus, the new controller with the first order deadbeat disturbance observer can perform more robustness and precise the position control for the influence of large inertial load and natural frequency. The simulation stability and efficiency has been obtained through C language and Matlab Simulink. In addition, the experiment of actual 2.5[kW] permanent magnet synchronous motor was verified.