• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2022

Background: Maternal Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection during pregnancy has been associated with various mental illnesses in the offspring. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a major bioactive compound obtained from ginseng that has an anti-T. gondii effect and attenuates microglial activation through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. GRh2 also alleviated tumor-associated or lipopolysaccharide-induced depression. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of GRh2 on depression-like behavior in mouse offspring caused by maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy have not been investigated. Methods: We examined GRh2 effects on the depression-like behavior in mouse offspring, caused by maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy, by measuring depression-like behaviors and assaying parameters at the neuronal and molecular level. Results: We showed that GRh2 significantly improved behavioral measures: sucrose consumption, forced swim time and tail suspended immobility time of their offspring. These corresponded with increased tissue concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine, and attenuated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase or enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the prefrontal cortex. GRh2 ameliorated neuronal damage in the prefrontal cortex. Molecular docking results revealed that GRh2 binds strongly to both TLR4 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that GRh2 ameliorated the depression-like behavior in mouse offspring of maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy by attenuating the excessive activation of microglia and neuroinflammation through the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. It suggests that GRh2 could be considered a potential therapy in preventing and treating psychiatric disorders in the offspring mice of mothers with prenatal exposure to T. gondii infection.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.108-129
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 유아를 우위한 자연물 미술교육 프로그램의 구성항목을 개발하고 적합성을 검증하데 있다. 이를 위해 자연물 미술활동에 대한 문헌고찰 및 선행연구 분석과 델파이조사를 통하여 자연물 미술교육프로그램을 개발하였다. 구성된 프로그램은 만 5세 유아에게 12주 동안 총 24회 차시를 적용하였으며, 유아의 미술표상능력과 자연친화적 태도 검사를 통하여 프로그램의 효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 개발한 유아를 위한 자연물 미술교육 프로그램이 유아의 미술표상능력과 자연친화적 태도에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서 개발한 유아를 위한 자연물 미술교육프로그램은 유아교육현장에서 유아의 자연물을 활용한 미술교육활동을 계획하고 실천할 수 있도록 돕는 기초자료로서 제공 되어질 수 있을 것이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1537-1540
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• 2013

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2012

This research was aimed at developing the program using the natural circumstances in Jeju Oreum as the basis of environmental education. The students were inquired about how these activities influence the environmental literacy of elementary students. The result of this study were as follows; First, the experimental group applied experience activities to the developed program to contribute to the improvement of environmental literacy. This was then compared to the control group to which theoretical classes were conducted. Second, Jeju Oreum Experience learning program has evenly influenced the elements of environmental literacy divided by the four goal levels of environmental education. As a result of the research, the Natural Experience Activities on the basis of natural circumstance is considered to affect the elementary students' environmental literacy in positive, effective manner. Consequently, the Environmental Education in a school or society should develop programs that apply to natural circumstances as a field of Environmental Education.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference in facilities of natural recreation forests developed by public and private body to answer the research that what is the difference in development of natural recreation forest between public and private developer\ulcorner After reviewing the literatures, developer's decision-making and motivation of investment, and the planning process of natural recreation forest, we had constructed th conceptual framework and have found the hypothesis of this research. Using data on development status of natural recreation forests and questionnaire surveying of 625 visitors from 9 among 72 natural recreation forests in Korea, We analyzed the data through the comparison of quantity of facilities per 1000 visitors and logistic regression method for quality of facilities. We have found that 1) the six facilities have been turned out to be statistically significant in determining the difference of public and private recreation forests. i.e., infrastructure including roads, maintenance and information and lodging and evacuation, indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, 2) public recreation forests are well equipped such basic facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation while private recreation forests are well equipped such facility as indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, and 3) the importance of such facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation, outdoor education, and shopping have been turned out to have 1.99, 2.26, 1.99, 3.01 and 2.24 times more important than that of indoor education, respectively. We can conclude that public recreation forest seems to be equipped with the facilities for sound recreational opportunities for general public, and private recreation forest turned out to have more facilities for pursuit of profits, installed basic facilities for user convenience and service, and special facilities for attracting user and raising revenue. Using the results of this research, we can make a guideline for a market positioning, and standards and provisions of natural recreation forests. We suggest that the relationship between user-satisfaction and recreation facility is needed to be examined in the future research.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analysis natural disasters which can be applied environmental education for elementary students. For this study, the elementary society and science textbooks were selected. The results of this study are as follows. the society textbooks contain 2 units of the natural disaster in the 4th and 5th grades. In the science textbooks, 5 units of the natural disaster were showed in 3rd, 5th and 6th grades. The learning quantities were 4 hours in society textbooks and 7 hours in science textbooks. In society textbooks, the contents relating meteorological disasters were dominance. But the science textbooks were showed both meteorological and geological disasters. In aims of learning, while the society textbooks were focused as damages, prevention, counter-plan and restoring plan of the natural disaster, the science textbooks were emphasized damages. the photos in society textbooks, meteorological disasters were superiority in number; especially the flood and heavy rain were 76%. In science textbooks, the photos about earthquake were prominent as 40%. For activating environmental education in elementary school based on these results, it can be suggested that the effects of natural damage as tsunami and global warming should add to elementary textbooks. And the elementary teachers need to understand contents and photos relating environment problem in the elementary textbooks.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 자연사박물관 교육프로그램에 대한 참가자를 대상으로 만족도와 학교 과학 교육의 연계에 대한 인식을 조사하여 학교 밖 교육활동의 장으로서 자연사박물관 교육프로그램의 운영 방향에 대한 시사점을 알아보는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 공립 자연사박물관으로서 최근 6년간 3만명 이상의 가장 많은 교육 프로그램 수강생을 유치했으며 매년 60여 개의 다양한 프로그램을 개설함으로서 안정적으로 교육프로그램을 운영하고 있는 서울특별시 서대문구 소재의 서대문자연사박물관을 대상 박물관으로 선정하였다. 2009년 여름학기 교육프로그램에 참가자 중 988명의 학생과 479명의 학부모를 대상으로 자연사박물관 교육프로그램에 대한 만족도 및 학교 교육과의 연계에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 연구 결과로, 프로그램 내적으로는 전시물 활용 교육 강화와 실험시간의 확보가 중요하며 프로그램 외적으로는 교통 및 홍보에 대한 개선이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 학교교육과의 연계는 지식적 측면 보다 탐구 능력 및 과학적 태도의 측면에서 연계가 될 수 있도록 하는 것이 더 중요하다는 인식이 많았다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2024

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer polysaccharides exhibit various biological functions, like antagonizing galectin-3-mediated cell adhesion and migration. Galectin-8 (Gal-8), with its linker-joined N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), is also crucial to these biological processes, and thus plays a role in various pathological disorders. Yet the effect of ginseng-derived polysaccharides in modulating Gal-8 function has remained unclear. Methods: P. ginseng-derived pectin was chromatographically isolated and enzymatically digested to obtain a series of polysaccharides. Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) quantified their binding affinity to Gal-8, and their inhibitory effects on Gal-8 was assessed by hemagglutination, cell migration and T-cell apoptosis. Results: Our ginseng-derived pectin polysaccharides consist mostly of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and homogalacturonan (HG). BLI shows that Gal-8 binding rests primarily in RG-I and its β-1,4-galactan side chains, with sub-micromolar K_D values. Both N- and C-terminal Gal-8 CRDs bind RG-I, with binding correlated with Gal-8-mediated function. Conclusion: P. ginseng RG-I pectin β-1,4-galactan side chains are crucial to binding Gal-8 and antagonizing its function. This study enhances our understanding of galectin-sugar interactions, information that may be used in the development of pharmaceutical agents targeting Gal-8.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.556-560
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• 2009

Aggregation behavior of three kinds of benzindocarbocyanine dyes in aqueous methanol solution was studied by UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The results indicated that the three dyes all existed monomer-dimer equilibrium in aqueous methanol solution (concentration range $10^{−5}\;to\;10^{−6}$ M) at 25.0$\sim$41.0 ${^{\circ}C}$ for Dye 1, 28.0$\sim$49.0 ${^{\circ}C}$ for Dye 2 and 26.0$\sim$47.0 ${^{\circ}C}$ for Dye 3. The fundamental property of the three dyes as the dimeric association constant KD, the dimeric free energy ${\Delta$}G_D, the dimeric entropy ${\Delta$}S_D, and the dimeric enthalpy ${\Delta$}H_D were determined. The ${\Delta$}H_D of three dyes: Dye 1, Dye 2 and Dye 3 was -42.5, -15.1 and -18.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The experimental observations were the subject of a theoretical study including the ground-state geometries which were fully optimized using DFT at B3LYP/6-31G level. The effect of dye molecule structure on ${\Delta$}H_D was discussed by theoretical calculations.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.477-487
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• 2007

Previous studies show that students have difficulties in understanding and using molecular visualization tools. This study focuses on the ways in which first year chemistry undergraduates use ball-and-stick molecular models to explain the concept of addition reaction and the difficulties that they face using the models. Video recordings of interviews with undergraduates manipulating ball-and-stick models to solve problems related to reaction mechanisms are analysed to determine if they are able to elucidate their understanding with use of models. The results showed that students have difficulties with viewing the ball-and-stick models from the proper perspective and understanding the relationship between the various structures that they have created using the models. They also find the use of ball-and-stick models tedious and prefer drawing molecular structures on paper to explain their ideas. Implications for the teaching using ball-and-stick molecular models are discussed.