• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), coordinated by the World Climate Research Programme in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5, is the most recent, provides projections of future climate change using various global climate models under four major greenhouse gas emission scenarios. There is a wide selection of climate models available to provide projections of future climate change. These provide for a wide range of possible outcomes when trying to inform managers about possible climate changes. Hence, future agrometeorological indicators estimation will be much impacted by which global climate model and climate change scenarios are used. Decision makers are increasingly expected to use climate information, but the uncertainties associated with global climate models pose substantial hurdles for agricultural resources planning. Although it is the most reasonable that quantifying of the future uncertainty using climate change scenarios, preliminary analysis using reasonable factors for selecting a subset for decision making are needed. In order to narrow the projections to a handful of models that could be used in a climate change impact study, we could provide effective information for selecting climate model and scenarios for climate change impact assessment using maximum/minimum temperature, precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, and moisture index of nine Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.154-154
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• 2022

The frequency of natural disasters, including floods and drought events, driven by climate change has increased in recent times. Investigating the climate regimes and the roles of climate variables are indispensable to forestall future climate change-related disasters. This study compares the variability of two popular and widely used climate indices i.e., the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) aridity index and the Modified De-Martonne (MDM) index to assess the trend of climate change in the Chungcheong provinces of South Korea. The trend of annual and monthly climate indices was conducted using a non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test with daily climate data of 48 years (1978-2020) from 10 synoptic stations. The findings indicate that UNEP and MDM indices had a wet climate regime for the annual trend, with the UNEP index indicating a relatively humid trend of 60% humid, 20% semi-arid, and 10% sub-humid for the 48-years study period. However, the MDM index showed a high frequency of a severe wet climatic condition followed by the semi-arid condition. The months of July and August had the highest occurring frequency of the wet climatic condition (90%) for both UNEP and MDM indices. Comparing the two provinces, Chungnam showed a relatively wetter climatic condition using the UNEP index, while the MDM index indicated no significant regional difference in climate regime between the two provinces. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test showed that all the 10 stations are normally distributed for monthly climate conditions at a 5% significant level in the two provinces except five stations for UNEP index and four stations for MDM index in the month of January.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

Leaf area is critical for crop light interception, and thereby has a substantial influence on crop yield. This experiment was conducted to characterize the development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaf area. Plastochron index and leaf relative growth rate of Jackson was contrasted with the PI416937, which also has demonstrated tolerance to drought. First, plastochron ratio (PR) and plastochron index (PI) were evaluated in greenhouse to compare the leaf growth rate between two genotypes under well-watered condition. There was reasonable constancy of PR between two genotypes. The PR means of Jackson and PI416937 were 0.41 and 0.44, respectively. A fairly smooth increase of PI during vegetative stage was observed. Second, the relative growth rates were graphed against leaf area, normalized with respect to final leaf area, under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Leaf growth was sustained longer in well-watered condition than water-deficit condition and there was a sizable proportion of leaves which was ceased earlier their growth in water-deficit condition compared to well-watered condition. The leaf relative growth rate of Jackson until leaves had completed at 45% of their growth during water deficit period was higher than that of PI416937.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.883-893
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• 2023

2020년 기준 한국의 곡물자급률은 20.2%에 불과하지만 곡물수출국에서 발생하는 가뭄이 국내에 미치는 영향은 아직 면밀히 분석되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 증발산 기반 가뭄지수인 Evaporative Stress Index (ESI)를 이용해 세계 주요 곡물생산지역의 농업가뭄의 발생빈도, 장기추세, 자연진동과의 상관성을 분석하였다. 또한 국제 곡물거래가격과 작물생산지역의 가뭄면적을 비교하여 해외에서 발생한 가뭄이 한국 경제에 미치는 영향을 정성적으로 평가하였다. ERA5 기후재분석자료로 산정된 ESI는 전지구적으로 토양수분과 강한 상관성을 보였으며 특히 작물재배 지역에서의 둘의 상관성이 매우 강하게 나타났다. 작물재배지역에서의 높은 상관성은 강한 지면-대기결합을 의미하며, 이 때문에 작은 토양수분 부족이 상대적으로 큰 수확량 손실로 연결될 가능성이 크다. 1991-2022 기간 작물재배지역에서 ESI는 뚜렷한 감소추세를 보였으며 지구온난화와 함께 가뭄면적이 증가할 가능성이 있다. 2012년과 2022년에 급격히 상승한 국제곡물가격은 수출국에서 발생한 대규모 가뭄과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었으며 한국의 생산자물가지수를 상승시킨 주요 원인 중 하나로 판단된다. 본 연구는 해외지역에서 일어나는 가뭄의 영향을 줄이기 위해 감시와 위험관리 전략이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Reservoir storage and water level information is essential for accurate drought monitoring and prediction. In particular, the agricultural drought has increased the risk of agricultural water shortages due to regional bias in reservoirs and water supply facilities, which are major water supply facilities for agricultural water. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the available water capacity of the reservoir, and it is necessary to determine the water surface area and water capacity. Remote sensing provides images of temporal water storage and level variations, and a combination of both measurement techniques can indicate a change in water volume. In areas of ungauged water volume, satellite remote sensing image acts as a powerful tool to measure changes in surface water level. The purpose of this study is to estimate of reservoir storage and level variations using satellite remote sensing image combined with hydrological statistical data and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Water surface areas were estimated using the Sentinel-2 satellite images in Seosan, Chungcheongnam-do from 2016 to 2018. The remote sensing-based reservoir storage estimation algorithm from this study is general and transferable to applications for lakes and reservoirs. The data set can be used for improving the representation of water resources management for incorporating lakes into weather forecasting models and climate models, and hydrologic processes.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2016

A disaster can be defined in many ways based on perspectives, in addition, its types are able to classify differently by various standards. Considering the different perspectives, the disaster can be occurred by natural phenomenon that is like typhoon, earthquake, flood, and drought, and by the accident that is like collapse of facilities, traffic accidents, and environmental pollution, etc. Into the modern society, moreover, the disaster includes the damages by diffusion of epidemic and infectious disease in domestic animals. The disaster was defined by natural and man-made hazards in the past. As societies grew with changes of paradigm, social factors have been included in the concept of the disaster according to new types unexpected by new disease and scientific technology. Change the concept of social disasters, Ministry of Public Safety and Security (MPSS) has provided the regional safety index, which measures the safety level of a local government. However, this regional safety index has some limitation to use because this index provides the information for city unit which is a unit of administrative districts of urban. Since these administrative districts units are on a different level with urban and rural areas, the regional safety index provided by MPSS is not be able to direct apply to the rural areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the regional safety index targeting rural areas. To estimate the safety index, we was used for 3 indicators of the MPSS, a fire, a crime, and an infectious disease which are evaluable the regional safety index using an accessibility analysis. For determining the regional safety index using accessibility from community centers to public facilities, the safety index of fire, crime, and infectious disease used access time to fire station, police office, and medical facility, respectively. An integrated Cheongju, targeting areas in this study, is mixed region with urban and rural areas. The results of regional safety index about urban and rural areas, the safety index in rural area is relatively higher than in the urban. Neverthless the investment would be needed to improve the safety in the rural areas.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2003

Objective of this study was to investigate the influences of harvest index and percolation water quality as irrigated the discharge waters from an industrial and a municipal wastewater treatment plants and seawater (1:5 seawater: tap water) as alternative water resources during tillering stage for drought stress. There were four different treatments such as the discharge water from an industrial (textile dyeing manufacture plant) wastewater treatment plant (DIWT), discharge water from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (DMWT), seawater (1:5) and groundwater as a control. For the initial chemical compositions of alternative waters, it appeared that higher concentrations of COD, $Mn^{2+}$, and $Ni^+$ in DIWT were observed than reused criteria of other country for irrigation, and concentrations of $EC_i$, Cl, and $SO_4$ in seawater were higher than that for irrigation. Harvest index was not significantly different between DIWT and DMWT with different irrigation periods in two soil types, but that of seawater (1:5) is decreased with irrigation periods in clay loam soil and not different between 10 days and 20 days of irrigation periods in sandy loam soil. For percolation water qualities, values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are increased with prolonging the irrigation periods of seawater (1:5) and DIWT, but those of DMWT were almost constant through the cultivation periods regardless of the irrigation period in both soil types. EG of percolation waters is eventually increased with prolonging days after irrigation regardless of irrigation periods in both soil types. Therefore, it might be concluded that there was potentially safe to irrigate the discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment plant relative to harvest index, SAR and $EC_i$ values of the ground water through the rice cultivation period at tillering stage for drought period.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.24-42
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• 1983

한국(韓國)의 서남부(西南部)에 천연분포(天然分布) 되어 있는 호랑가시나무를 조경수(造景樹)로 개발(開發)하고저 분포(分布)와 생태적(生態的) 특성(特性)을 조사(調査) 연구(研究)하여 그 결과(結果)를 다음과 같이 요약(要約)하였다. 1) 한국(韓國)에 있어서의 호랑가시나무의 천연분포(天然分布) 지역(地域)은 한반도(韓半島)의 서남부(西南部) 북위(北緯) $35^{\circ}$43', 동경(東俓) $126^{\circ}$44'과 제주도(濟州道)의 북위(北緯) $33^{\circ}$20', 동경(東俓) $126^{\circ}$15'의 위치(位置)에 있고 해안(海岸)에서 20 km 이내(以內), 해발고(海拔高) 100 m 이하(以下)의 지역(地域)이며 년평균(年平均) 기온(氣温) $12^{\circ}C$ 이상(以上), 한랭지수(寒冷指數) $-12.7^{\circ}C$ 이내(以內), 년평균(年平均) 상대습도(相對濕度) 75~80%, 적설일수(積雪日數) 20~50일(日)과 일치(一致)되는 지역(地域)에 분포(分布)하며 주(主)로 동남향(東南向)에서 좋은 군집(群集)을 이루고 있다. 2) 곰솔, 소나무 등(等)을 상층목(上層木)으로 호랑가시나무, 사스레피나무, 모새나무 등(等)을 중층목(中層木)으로 그늘사초, 새 등(等)을 지표식생(地表植生)으로 구성(構成)된 3계층(階層) 군집식생(群集植生)으로 종다양도(種多樣度)가 높은 발전기(發展期)의 식생(植生)이다. 곰솔, 소나무 등(等)의 침엽수(針葉樹)와 사스레피나무, 모새나무, 호랑가시나무 등(等)의 상록활엽수(常綠闊葉樹)가 혼생(混生)하는 온대(温帶) 남부형(南部型)이고 난대형(暖帶型)까지 천이(遷移)되고 있다. 3) 호랑가시나무의 천연군락(天然群落) 지역(地域)은 편마암(片麻岩), 유문암(流紋岩) 등(等)의 산성계(酸性系) 모암(母岩)으로 pH 4.5~5.0이며 유효인산(有效燐酸)의 함량(含量)이 적은 경식질(輕埴質) 및 중식질(重埴質) 토양(土壤)이었다. 4) 장령수(壯齡樹)의 년평균(年平均) 수고생장(樹高生長)은 $10.48{\pm}0.23cm$ 이고 근원경(根元徑) 생장(生長)은 년평균(年平均) 0.43 cm였다. 평균(平均) 착엽수(着葉數)는 $11.34{\pm}0.28$ 매(枚)였다. 수고(樹高)와 엽수(葉數)는 정(正)의 상관(相關)이며 직선적(直線的)인 관계(關係)가 있었다. 5) 유묘(幼苗)의 년평균(年平均) 묘고(苗高)는 $10.66{\pm}1.37cm$, 착엽수(着葉數)는 $12.21{\pm}0.34$ 매(枚)이고 근원경(根元徑)은 $2.24{\pm}0.067mm$였고, 고온기(高温期)에 주기적(週期的)인 생장(生長)을 한다. 묘고(苗高)와 엽수(葉數), 묘고(苗高)와 근원경(根元徑), 엽수(葉數)와 근원경간(根元徑間)에 모두 정(正)의 상관(相關)인 동시(同時)에 직선적(直線的)인 관계(關係)가 있다. 6) 개화기간(開花期間)은 4월(月) 하순(下旬)부터 5월(月) 상순(上旬)이며 4수성(數性) 화관(花冠)이고 황록색(黃綠色)으로 산방화서(繖方花序)이다. 향기(香氣)가 있고 양성화(兩性花)이지만 자웅(雌雄) 생식기관(生殖器管)의 한 성(性)만 발육(發育)시키는 자웅(雌雄) 이예성(異蕊性)이고 성비(性比)는 1:1이다. 7) 과실(果實)은 5월(月) 상순(上旬)에 장(長) 0.87 cm(0.61~1.31), 폭(幅) 0.8 cm(0.62~1.05)로 완전(完全)히 크며 10월(月) 하순(下旬)부터 11월(月) 상순(上旬)에 주홍(朱紅)으로 성숙(成熟)한다. 성숙과(成熟果)는 익년(翌年) 5월(月) 하순(下旬)까지 변색(變色)되지 않고 있다가 6월(月) 상순(上旬)부터 부분적(部分的)으로 흑갈색(黑褐色)으로 변색(變色)되면서 낙과(落果)되지만 3년차(年次)까지 부착(附着)되는 것도 있다. 8) 종자(種子)의 취득율(取得率)은 중량(重量)으로 평균(平均) 24.7 % 용적중(容積重) 114.2 gr 실중(實重) 24.56gr, 이고 1 과당(果當) 평균(平均) 3.9 립(粒)이 들어 있다. 9) 종자(種子)는 보습매장(保濕埋藏)하여 4월(月) 중순(中旬)에 파종(播種)하면 10월(月)에 뿌리가 내리고 익년(翌年) 4월(月) 중순(中旬)에 발아(發芽) 완료(完了)되지만 미발아(未發芽)한 종자(種子)는 광선하(光線下)에 있거나 건조상태(乾燥狀態)에 있게 되면 휴면(休眠)이 계속된다.