• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.178-183
• /
• 2007

China has numerous native domestic goat breeds, but so far there has been no extensive study on genetic diversity, population demographic history, and origin of Chinese goats. To determine the origin and genetic diversity of Chinese goats, we analyzed the complete mtDNA D-loop sequences of 183 goats from 13 breeds. The haplotype diversity value found in each breed ranged from 0.9333 to 1.0000. The nucleotide diversity value ranged from 0.006337 to 0.025194. Our results showed that there were four mtDNA lineages (A, B, C and D), in which lineage A was predominant, lineage B was moderate, and lineages C and D were at low frequencies. Lineages C and D were observed only in the Tibetan breed. The results revealed multiple maternal origins of Chinese domestic goats. There was weaker geographical structuring in the 13 Chinese goat populations, which suggested that there existed high gene flow among goat populations caused by the extensive transportation of goats in the course of history.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2015

최근 차세대염기서열해독법(Next Generation Sequencing, NGS)의 급속한 발전에 힘입어, 다양한 가축 종에 대한 전장유전체 수준의 해독 및 분석 연구수행이 가능하게 되었다. 소의 경우 현재 한우, 칡소, 흑우, 제주흑우 4품종의 재래소가 국제연합식량농업기구 가축다양성 정보시스템에 등록돼 있는 상태이다. 이러한 재래유전자원은 최근 NGS 기술을 이용 전장유전체에 걸친 대용량의 단일염기다형성 정보를 얻는데 성공하였으며, 또한 한국 재래소품종이 유럽기원의 소 품종들과 유전학적으로 차이가 있다는 점이 밝혀졌다. 또한 소 유전체학 분야에서 이 NGS의 응용은 유전체의 구조적 변이 특히 종전 대용량으로 정확한 발굴이 어려웠던 전장유전체에 널리 퍼진 복제수변이의 발굴에 성공적으로 적용되었다. 이러한 일련의 성공에도 불구하고 최근 NGS를 이용한 연구는 내재적인 한계점이 있었는데, 이는 연구 당시 고가의 연구비용 및 분석의 난해함으로 인해 각 대표 소 품종의 단수 또는 소수 개체에 대해서만 적용되었다는 점이 그 대표적 예라 할 수 있을 것이다. 즉, NGS에서 파생된 데이터의 보다 정확한 생물학적 의의를 찾기 위해서는 추가 실험적 검증과 더불어 면밀한 해석이 필요하다는 점을 시사하는 것이다. 최근 차세대염기서열 해독 비용이 지속으로 하락하고 있으며, 이는 단수개체가 아닌 집단수준에서의 NGS 적용이 가능해 짐에 따라 다양한 집단유전체학적 이론이 접목된 연구가 가능해지고 있다. 현재 국내 재래소 품종에 대한 집단수준에서의 연구는 극히 미흡한 상태이나, 이러한 상황은 최근 고밀도 칩, 차세대염기서열 자료와 같은 대용량 유전정보를 생산, 분석 중에 있어 재래가축에 대한 집단수준에서의 연구가 일부 해소될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 2015

Amphiregulin (AREG), a glycoprotein that is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, is expressed by the porcine conceptus and endometrium. AREG genotypes were determined based on an SNP in the intron 3 of the gene. Contradictory effects of AREG genotypes on reproductive traits in different pig breeds were reported previously. G allele had undesirable effect on reproductive trait in Meishan breed, while it had favorable effects in Polish Landrace and Large White. We determined AREG genotypes of 179 pigs including the Duroc, Landrace, Yorkshire, Korean native pig (KNP), and Meishan breeds. Two new SNPs were identified near the previously reported SNP in the intron 3 of AREG. Frequencies of AREG alleles among the Duroc, Landrace, Yorkshire, and KNP sows were significantly different (p<0.001), indicating association between AREG genotypes and pig breeds. The first parity litter size was significantly affected by the breeds (p=0.014), but not by AREG genotypes (p=0.148). However, there were breed and AREG genotype associated trends in the first parity litter size. The first parity litter size appeared to be higher in Duroc and KNP sows with G allele, while it appeared to be lower in Landrace sows with G allele. Significant variability of AREG alleles among pig breeds, for the first time in Duroc and KNP sows, was identified. AREG genotypes may influence reproductive traits differentially for each breed and thus, AREG genotypes may need to be considered when sows are bred to increase litter size.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권7호
• /
• pp.1091-1099
• /
• 2022

Objective: The aim of this work was the characterization of the qualitative aspects of meat obtained from Teramana goats, an Italian indigenous breed of the Abruzzo region. Specifically, the study included a comparison with meat samples deriving from Saanen goat kids reared in the same environment and applying the same feeding protocol. Methods: Upon reaching about 7 months of age the animals were slaughtered and samples of muscle tissue were collected to be analyzed. Specifically, meat samples were subjected to evaluations of the physical parameters, including color and the meat ability to retain water, in addition to chemical evaluations that were focused to the determination of the total lipids amount, fatty acids composition, lipid oxidation, and volatile profile. Results: The meat samples obtained from the indigenous breed showed a less intense reddish color and no significant variations for the muscle tissue tendency to retain water, both regarding fresh and cooked meat. Several differences were instead observed in the fatty acid profile. The Teramana samples were richer in saturated fatty acids (p<0.01) and interestingly showed higher concentrations of rumenic acid (p<0.05), a conjugate of linoleic acid that has been associated with important health benefits for the consumers. Another important finding for these meat samples was the marked resistance to oxidative events, as evidenced by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-test (p<0.05) and by the characterization of the volatile profile that highlighted a strong reduction in the relative percentage of hexanal (p<0.05), commonly associated to lipid oxidation and the development of unpleasant aromatic notes. Conclusion: The collected data, therefore appeared useful for the valorization of the food product derived from the Teramana goat, although no sensory information has been collected to define the degree of acceptability by the consumers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권9호
• /
• pp.1263-1269
• /
• 2014

Comprehensive information on genetic diversity and introgression is desirable for the design of rational breed improvement and conservation programs. Despite the concerns regarding the genetic introgression of Western pig breeds into the gene pool of the Korean native pig (KNP), the level of this admixture has not yet been quantified. In the present study, we genotyped 93 animals, representing four Western pig breeds and KNP, using the porcine SNP 60K BeadChip to assess their genetic diversity and to estimate the level of admixture among the breeds. Expected heterozygosity was the lowest in Berkshire (0.31) and highest in Landrace (0.42). Population differentiation ($F_{ST}$) estimates were significantly different (p<0.000), accounting for 27% of the variability among the breeds. The evidence of inbreeding observed in KNP (0.029) and Yorkshire (0.031) may result in deficient heterozygosity. Principal components one (PC1) and two (PC2) explained approximately 35.06% and 25.20% of the variation, respectively, and placed KNP somewhat proximal to the Western pig breeds (Berkshire and Landrace). When K = 2, KNP shared a substantial proportion of ancestry with Western breeds. Similarly, when K = 3, over 86% of the KNP individuals were in the same cluster with Berkshire and Landrace. The linkage disquilbrium (LD) values at $r^2_{0.3}$, the physical distance at which LD decays below a threshold of 0.3, ranged from 72.40 kb in Landrace to 85.86 kb in Yorkshire. Based on our structure analysis, a substantial level of admixture between Western and Korean native pig breeds was observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.669-676
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting growth and body composition in an $F_2$ reference population of Korean native pig and Landrace crossbreds. The three-generation mapping population was generated with 411 progeny from 38 $F_2$ full-sib families, and 133 genetic markers were used to produce a sex-average map of the 18 autosomes. The data set was analyzed using least squares Mendelian and parent-of-origin interval-mapping models. Lack-of-fit tests between the models were used to characterize QTL for mode of expressions. A total of 8 (39) QTL were detected at the 5% genome (chromosome)-wise level for the 17 analyzed traits. Of the 47 QTL detected, 21 QTL were classified as Mendelian expressed, 13 QTL as paternally expressed, 6 QTL as maternally expressed, and 7 QTL as partially expressed. Of the detected QTL at 5% genome-wise level, two QTL had Mendelian mode of inheritance on SSC6 and SSC9 for backfat thickness and bone weight, respectively, two QTL were maternally expressed for leather weight and front leg weight on SSC6 and SSC12, respectively, one QTL was paternally expressed for birth weight on SSC4, and three QTL were partially expressed for hot carcass weight and rear leg weight on SSC6, and bone weight on SSC13. Many of the Mendelian QTL had a dominant (complete or overdominant) mode of gene action, and only a few of the QTL were primarily additive, which reflects that heterosis for growth is appreciable in a cross between Korean native pig and Landrace. Our results indicate that alternate breed alleles of growth and body composition QTL are segregating between the two breeds, which could be utilized for genetic improvement of growth via marker-assisted selection.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out to clarify the genetic constitution of biochemical polymorphic loci controlling blood protein and enzymes as genetic rnarkers in Korean native chicken(KNG) population Blood samples were collected from 230 KNG representing three colored-lines(reddish-, yellowish- and blackish- brown) raised in Daejeon branch of National Livestock Research Institute. Eight blood marker loci, transferrin(Tf), post-albumin(Pas), albumin(Alb), amylase-1(Arny-1), es-terase-1(Es-1), alkaline phosphatase(Akp), catalase(Cat) and hemoglobin(Hh) were analyzed by using starch, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on the gene frequencies of polymorphic marker loci, the genetic characteristics of KNF population was analyzed, and the genetic ariability within population was quantified. The genetic relationships between KNC and other native fowls or improved breeds were also estimated. The gene frequencies of Tf, Pas and AIb loci were similar to those of improved breeds among the seven biochemical polymorphic loci, while gene frequencies of Cat and Es-i loci were remarkably different between KNC and improved breeds. Gene frequencies of amy-i and Akp loci were similar to those of New Hampshire and Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn, respectively. However in comparison with other improved breeds, great differences were observed in gene frequencies of these loci The average heterozygosity, effective number of alleles and homogeneity index for the seven loci combined were estimated to be .334, 1.639 and .373, respectively. Based on the dendrogram and genetic distances, the KNC was genetically closer to New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock and Rhode Island Red breeds than to the White Leghorn breed.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.465-471
• /
• 2011

The commercial Korean native chickens (WR_CC) was developed by crossing a few native chicken breeds in Korea. In order to investigate the breed identification markers, SNPs from TYR gene and MC1R gene, which are associated with skin and feather colors respectively, were initially identified. In case of 3 identified SNPs in the TYR gene, yellow shank color was identified in Loss, Harvard, AA, RIR and CC, which have the fixed SNPs in most of the animals. On the other hand, SNP variations were observed in KNC_RB, C_B, WR_CC and HH_CC, which have the black, yellow and mixed color with black and yellow shank colors. Also, the investigation of 3 SNPs in the MC1R gene indicated that there were associations between shank and feather colors in RIR, SF, KNC_B, C_B and RIR. However, these results are not consistent among breeds. These SNP type inconsistencies within breeds suggested that the selection was performed based on the phenotypes, which is not include the genotype information. Thus, selection based on genetic information is required in the future.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.689-693
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Cytochrome P450 (CYP2A6) gene as a candidate gene for the traits related with meat fatty acid composition traits in pigs. Porcine CYP2A6 polymorphisms were detected and PCR-RFLP was performed for genotyping of Korean native pig (n=14), Landrace (n=3), Duroc (n=3), Berkshire (n=3), Yorkshire (n=8) and F2 population composed of 202 individuals from an intercross between Korean Native pig and Yorkshire. PCR primer set amplified a 612 bp fragment of CYP2A6 and digestion of the PCR products was performed with the restriction enzymes SchI. The CYP2A6 SchI polymorphism was only found in the KNP breed. The genotype frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes were 0.36, 0.56 and 0.08 in the KNP respectively and the other pig breeds were fixed with CC genotype (Duroc, Landrace, Berkshire and Yorkshire). Statistical association between genotypes and fatty acid composition traits were tested in the Korean native pig and Yorkshire crossed F2 pigs. The CYP2A6 SchI polymorphism was associated with only fatty acid composition C20:3n3 level (cis11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid, p=0.0252). The 'T' allele was associated with lower C20:3n3 level. Further study is required to validate the genotypic association and biological consequence of the CYP2A6 gene polymorphism in pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.1204-1209
• /
• 2004

Random amplification of polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) analysis was carried out using DNA samples of 30 animals of Rathi cattle and 42 animals of Tharparkar cattle. Genomic DNA was isolated as per standard protocol and evaluated for its quality, purity and concentration. Twenty three random primers were screened out of which 15 primers yielded satisfactory amplifications and were used for further analysis. Average numbers of polymorphic fragments per primer were 7.07${\pm}$0.86 in Rathi and 6.80${\pm}$0.61 in Tharparkar cattle. The percentage of polymorphic bands in these two cattle breeds were 86 and 87%, respectively. Within breed genetic similarities for pooled over primers in the animals of Rathi and Tharparkar breeds were .577${\pm}$0.30 and 0.531${\pm}$0.02, respectively on the basis of band frequency (BF) and 0.645${\pm}$0.04 and 0.534${\pm}$0.04, respectively on the basis of band sharing (BS). Averages of between breed genetic similarities for pooled over primers were 0.97 and 0.92 according to BF and BS, respectively, which reflect higher degree of genetic similarity between Rathi and Tharparkar cattle breeds. Index of genetic distance based on BF and BS for pooled over primers was 0.030${\pm}$0.011 and 0.088${\pm}$0.031, respectively. Percentage of polymorphic bands and within-breed genetic similarities on the basis of band frequency (BF) and band sharing (BS) for pooled over primers revealed higher genetic similarity in Rathi than Tharparkar cattle population. High estimates of between breed genetic similarities for pooled over primers indicated that either Rathi is having decent from Tharparkar or both the cattle breeds are having common descent. Low value of Index of genetic distances between these two cattle breeds may be due to the fact that Rathi and Tharparkar cattle breeds are the native of Thar Desert in Northwest India. The results of between breed genetic distances also confirm the existence of high degree of genetic similarity between these two breeds of cattle.