• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.155-158
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• 2008

In this study we compared corrosion resistance tests which were carried out according to the national technique standard and the UL standard to ensure the reliability of smoke detectors in foul weather. The sensitivity of smoke detectors became so blunt that the least operational smoke concentration was a maximum change of 13% in the national technique standard, while it was a maximum change of 145% in the UL standard. As a result of this study the test method of corrosion resistance was made an objective evaluation in the national technique standard. Therefore it could be said that a basis of developing the test method of corrosion resistance was prepared for our country.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.87-99
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• 2022

The meat consumption per person has continuously increased in recent years. However, the labor force in the domestic livestock industry has decreased due to the declining and ageing population. In order to increase productivity, the government have developed and distributed design standard of livestock houses. Presently, report showed that the adaptation rate of the developed livestock house design standard on the real farm was still low. Thus, this paper aimed to find ways to improve the utilization of the design standard through surveys. The survey was conducted on 650 farms across the country. Analysis of the result showed that in the poultry house, the unawareness of farmers to the design standard was found to be the biggest reason for not using the design standards. On the other hand, in the swine house, the previously built swine houses do not fit with the design standard. From these result, the following recommendations were suggested: 1) promotion and education are needed to enhance usage of design standard; 2) since it is impossible to make a design standard considering all the farm sites, it is important to consider the conditions of various farm site prior to enhancement of the design standard; 3) improvement factors such as reinforcing the ventilation design, reflecting animal welfare, preventing livestock diseases, and enhancing ICT devices can also be promoted.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.291-293
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• 2010

알카리성 과황산칼륨을 이용한 자외선 흡광광도법은 수중의 총질소를 간편하면서도 신속하고 정확하게 분석할 수 있는 방법으로 각각의 질소성분을 standard method에 의해 분석한 후 이들을 합산하는 방법보다 회수율이 좋게 나타났다. 자외선 흡광광도법을 이용할 경우 Cr(VI)이온과 Br이온에 의해 방해를 받으므로, Br이온을 다량 함유하는 해수의 총질소 분석방법으로는 적합하지 않은 것으로 관찰되었다. 전처리를 한 후 220 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하기 위해서는 탄산염의 방해를 방지하기 위해 pH를 2~3으로 조절한 후 분석해야만 하고, 알카리성 과황산칼륨을 이용한 자외선 흡광광도법은 총질소를 분석하는 방법으로 우수성이 입증되었으나 각 형태별 질소의 농도를 측정할 수 없는 단점이 있으므로 각 형태별 질소의 농도를 측정하기 위해서는 standard method를 이용해야 된다. 본 연구에서 알카리성 과황산칼륨을 이용한 자외선 흡광광도법은 총질소를 분석하는데 있어서 standard method에 의한 합산법보다 시간과 노력을 절약할 수 있는 것으로 검토되었다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.512-517
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• 2007

The limiting nutrient of eutrophication in freshwater bodies in Korea was examined and the phosphorus concentration standard for sewage treatment effluent was discussed. The weight ratio of N/P in 13 major reservoirs showed the range of 18 to 163, which implies phosphorus is more limited than nitrogen for algal growth. In the correlation analysis phosphorus showed higher correlation with chlorophyll-a concentration than with nitrogen. In the algal bioassay phosphorus spike test enhanced algal growth in all 25 samples of five reservoirs, while nitrogen was found to co-limit only in four samples. It confirms that phosphorus is the only limiting nutrient for eutrophication in Korean reservoirs. As many reservoirs are eutrophic in Korea, phosphorus control is critical for the management of water quality. The phosphorus standard of sewage treatment effluent in Korea was compared with other countries, and it can be concluded that phosphorus standard is too high to be effective in eutrophication control and a lower phosphorus standard is essential for the water quality improvement.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 1999

96년판 NSPC(National standard plumbing code)의 내용 중 급수 및 배수 관경을 결정하는데 사용하는 기구 급배수부하 단위표가 이전에 발행된 것과 내용이 많이 수정되어 소개코져 한다. 주된 변경 내용은 절수형 위생기구 사용에 따른 급배수 부하 단위 변경, 건물용도별 상세한 내용 분류 및 새로운 위생기구의 추가 등이다.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2019

Purpose: There are no clear criteria for slip performance in the BF certification process, so the evaluator relies on subjective judgments depending on the field situation. Physical criteria for determining the slip performance of various floor finishes are not clear. C.S.R., the only criterion currently being used to check slip performance, may raise questions about its coverage, feasibility and reliability. Method: For an analysis of domestic standards and status, KS L 1001, KS M 3510, and KS F 2375. External standards are analyzed for ADA Standard, ANSI Standard, and BS EN Standard. Analyze the test methods and evaluation criteria of O-Y-PSM, BPT, and the dynamic slip resistance test used in these criteria. It also presents an improvement plan for the rational presentation of standards. Results: To date, various kinds of test methods and measuring devices of the slip resistance coefficient have been developed, but there are not many ways to trust useful results related to user safety. Reliability and thoroughly verified test methods and criteria should be used to assess the slip performance of the floor. In order to improve the standard for the evaluation of slip performance in Korea, the existing standard should first be raised to the same level as the overseas standard, and the application of the discriminatory standard should be applied considering the characteristics and usage patterns of each space. Implication: Currently, Korean standards propose various test methods, but the proper use of test methods, scope and assessment criteria are not established, so improvement of the comprehensive standard is necessary.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.277-294
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• 2023

Science education researchers have discussed more effective STPD(Science Teacher Professional Development) based on a variety of perspectives, pointing out the limitations of traditional STPD. In this study, we selected eight major issues for more efficient STPD based on the literature review, summarized the literature review contents for each issue, and proposed a draft STPD standard based on the literature review. Using the draft STPD standard, a questionnaire for the Delphi survey was developed and a two-phase Delphi survey was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of 25 statements describing the STPD standard, and respondents were asked to indicate the validity and importance of the statement on a Likert scale, followed by an explanation and suggestions for revision. Twenty-one science educators and science teachers participated in the Delphi survey, and the results of the second round of the survey showed high levels of agreement on the validity and importance of all statements describing the STPD standard. For the content validity ratio and coefficient of variation, all statements met the criteria, and for the convergence and consensus, all but two statements met the criteria. Two statements were revised to reflect comments from the Delphi survey and were included in the final STPD standard. As a result, we developed STPD standard consisting of 23 statements in eight categories, and we discussed the disadvantages and advantages of the developed STPD standard and how to utilize them, as well as suggestions for future improvement and research.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2023

Objective: Little is known about the effects of using different expert-determined reference standards when evaluating the performance of deep learning-based automatic detection (DLAD) models and their added value to radiologists. We assessed the concordance of expert-determined standards with a clinical gold standard (herein, pathological confirmation) and the effects of different expert-determined reference standards on the estimates of radiologists' diagnostic performance to detect malignant pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs with and without the assistance of a DLAD model. Materials and Methods: This study included chest radiographs from 50 patients with pathologically proven lung cancer and 50 controls. Five expert-determined standards were constructed using the interpretations of 10 experts: individual judgment by the most experienced expert, majority vote, consensus judgments of two and three experts, and a latent class analysis (LCA) model. In separate reader tests, additional 10 radiologists independently interpreted the radiographs and then assisted with the DLAD model. Their diagnostic performance was estimated using the clinical gold standard and various expert-determined standards as the reference standard, and the results were compared using the t test with Bonferroni correction. Results: The LCA model (sensitivity, 72.6%; specificity, 100%) was most similar to the clinical gold standard. When expert-determined standards were used, the sensitivities of radiologists and DLAD model alone were overestimated, and their specificities were underestimated (all p-values < 0.05). DLAD assistance diminished the overestimation of sensitivity but exaggerated the underestimation of specificity (all p-values < 0.001). The DLAD model improved sensitivity and specificity to a greater extent when using the clinical gold standard than when using the expert-determined standards (all p-values < 0.001), except for sensitivity with the LCA model (p = 0.094). Conclusion: The LCA model was most similar to the clinical gold standard for malignant pulmonary nodule detection on chest radiographs. Expert-determined standards caused bias in measuring the diagnostic performance of the artificial intelligence model.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.779-787
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to classify the head shape for the apparel industry and to suggest standard head model for korean women. The 23 measurement items of 891 females, aged more than 18 years were used to analysis by statistical methods. Factor analysis, cluster analysis and duncan test were performed using these data. Through factor analysis, 5 factors were extracted upon factor scores and those factors comprised 68.76% for the total variances. 5 clusters as their head and face shape were categorized. We decided for the type 3 to standard head shape. 24 participants were measured using computed tomography(CT). The measured data of skin and skeleton and the standard head shapes were illustrated.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.143-163
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• 2014

This study developed a National Competency Standard(NCS) regarding the casino operations management based on the manual for developing National Competency Standard of 13 years and a revised classification system chart of the National Competency Standard. For the research method, this study developed a national competency standard of relevant jobs after going through review, consultation, modification, supplementation, and reporting procedures 10 times with development experts of the National Competency Standard, the industrial setting professionals, education and training experts, qualification(job analysis) experts, facilitators, and a working group of job verification committee based on the phased range and DACUM procedure of study. The major development results of this study are as follows. First, this study selected and defined duties based on the revised classification system chart of the National Competency Standard, then drew and developed total 8 ability units based on the applicable duties. Secondly, based on the developed ability units, total 27 ability unit factors were deduced and developed. Thirdly, a standard system by ability unit factor was developed based on the level of the national competency standard and revised classification system chart, then this study deduced and developed a supra-domain of the standard system by competency units using the standard tranquility value by these competency unit factors. Based on such development contents and guidelines for the national competency standard ability unit classification number, this study deduced and developed category numbers by relevant competency unit. Fourthly, total 27 relevant performance standard by competency units and knowledge, skill, and attitude were deduced and developed. Fifthly, this study deduced and developed a scope of application, work situation, evaluation guide, core competency, and development history in reference to the total 8 relevant competency units based on the duties.