• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.668-674
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• 2019

Objectives: Modern people spend most of their day indoors. As the health impact of radon becomes an issue, public interest also has been growing. The primary route of potential human exposure to radon is inhalation. Long-term exposure to high levels of radon increases the risk of developing lung cancer. Radon exposure is known to be the second-leading cause of lung cancer, following tobacco smoke. This study measures the indoor radon concentrations in detached houses in area A of Chungcheongbuk-do Province considering the construction year, cracks in the houses, the location of installed detectors, and seasonal effects. Methods: The survey was conducted from September 2017 to April 2018 on 1,872 private households located in selected areas in northern Chungcheongbuk-do Province to figure out the year of building construction and the location of detector installed and identify the factors which affect radon concentrations in the air within the building. Radon was measured using a manual alpha track detector (Raduet, Hungary) with a sampling period of longer than 90 days. Results: Indoor radon concentrations in winter within area A was surveyed to be 168.3±193.3 Bq/㎥. There was more than a 2.3 times difference between buildings built before 1979 and those built after 2010. The concentration reached 195.4±221.9 Bq/㎥ for buildings with fractures and 167.2±192.4 Bq/㎥ for buildings without fractures. It was found that detectors installed in household areas with windows exhibited a lower concentration than those installed in concealed spaces. Conclusion: High concentrations of indoor radon were shown when there was a crack in the house. Also, ventilation seems to significantly affect radon concentrations because when the location of the detector in the installed site was near windows compared to an enclosed area, radon concentration variation increased. Therefore, it is considered that radon concentration is lower in summer because natural ventilation occurs more often than in winter.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2012

Background: Cigarette smoke induced release of iron could alter iron metabolism in the lungs of chronic smokers and contribute to the increase in the total oxidative burden on the lungs of smokers. In previous studies, ferritin levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in smokers were elevated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin concentration, smoking and lung function in Korean people. Methods: This study was based on the data acquired in the second year (2008) of the Forth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that was conducted from 2007 to 2009. The analysis included 2,244 subjects who were older than 20 years and had complete data from both lung function test and serum ferritin concentration. Among participants, 1,076 were male and 1,168 were female. Results: Mean serum ferritin concentrations in males were $120.3{\pm}80.1{\mu}g/L$ and $47.9{\pm}39.8{\mu}g/L$ in females. There were no differences in serum ferritin concentrations between non-smokers and smokers after adjusting for age, body mass index, and amounts of alcohol. Serum ferritin concentrations were associated with smoking amounts by simple linear regression but not associated with smoking amounts after adjustment with age, body mass index, and amounts of alcohol in both males and females. Lung function was not associated with serum ferritin concentrations. Conclusion: Our data suggested that serum ferritin concentrations are not related with smoking and lung function.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

This studies were carried out to investigate the rearing managements of pig farms and survey on pneumonia of the slaughtered pigs from 5 selected herds located in Jangsu, Jeonbuk. Isolated aerobic microorganisms from pneumonic lung were examined antibiotic susceptibility and tested serological antibody titers of the herd base. Prevalence rate of pneumonia were examined according to rearing and health management conditions of pig farms. Prevalence rate of pneumonia were detected in 78.8% and enzotic pneumonia. In 47.7%, pleuropneurnonia in 31.1%. In serological antibody titers showed the positive reaction with 54.4% in Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia serotype 5, 44.8% in Pasteurella multocida, 36.8% in A pleuropneurnonia serotype 2, 13.6% in Mycoplasmal pneumonia. Isolated aerobic microorganisms were examined antibiotic susceptibility and showed the high activity in gentamicin (58.3%), enrofloxacin (53.3%), norfloxacin (51.6%), cephalothin (41.7%) and low activity in amoxycillin (98.3%), oxytetracycline (98.3%), penicillin G (90.0 %), tetracycline (88.4%), ampicillin (88.3%). Farm managements were deficient effect of humidity in swine house but ammonia gas all appeared the 10 ppm that were recommendation density, below.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.318-323
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• 2011

Illegal and unethical behaviors of the construction industry affect people's lives and health more than the same problems of the other industries. Among these behaviors, the construction industry is mostly criticized for bribery scandals. According to the survey of the Ministry of Justice in Taiwan over the past years, bribery cases involving public engineering projects and governmental procurements account for a rather large portion of the indicted corruption cases. Transparency International's "Bribe Payer Index" indicates people in construction-related industries are the most likely to pay bribes. Poor construction quality directly and indirectly caused by bribery poses a great threat to public safety, organizational reputation and economic development. However, there is a limited number of existing research on the bribery problem of the construction industry. This study is an empirical attempt to explore bribery intention and its affecting factors among the construction organizations in Taiwan by conducting a questionnaire survey. The theory of planned behavior was used in this study to build its research model (covering elements of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and intention). Totally 431 valid samples were returned. To explore the factors affecting bribery intention, this study adopted Pearson's correlation analysis to discuss about the connections among the questionnaire respondents' attitudes to bribery, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and bribery intention. A multi-regression analysis was then conducted to test if the planned behavior theory can effectively predict bribery intention. The research found (1) according to the results of Pearson's correlation analysis, the respondents' bribery intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control are positively correlated with one another; (2) according to the results of the multi-regression analysis, bribery intention can be explained through attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control with an adjusted R² value of 0.591, meaning 59.1% of the bribery intention's variances can be explained through the three dimensions. In addition, each of the three dimensions has a significant influence on the respondents' behavior intentions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1292-1303
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• 2015

통계청의 2013년 지역사회 건강 조사 자료에 의하면 제주도는 전국 16개 시 도 중에서 비만율(1위), 고위험 음주율(2위), 남성 흡연율(2위)이 상대적으로 높은 지역으로 대장암, 간암, 폐암, 유방암 등의 발생률이 높을 것으로 추정된다. 연구목적은 이들 암의 발생률과 사망률의 추세를 분석하고 전국 평균과 비교 유사성이 있는지 알아보는 것이다. 분석을 위하여 제주지역암등록소에서 2014년 11월까지 조사한 1999년부터 2012까지 자료를 이용했으며, 분석은 Joinpoint 회귀 순열 검사방법을 이용 평균 연간 % 변화율(AAPC)과 전국 평균과의 유사성 검사(parallelism test)를 했다. 남성 대장암은 연령표준화 발생률의 AAPC가 8.4%/년(p-value<.000) 이었으며, 남성 전국 평균과의 유사성은 제주 환자의 가파른 AAPC 상승 때문에 거부되었다(p-value=.047). 남성 간암의 ASR에 대한 AAPC는 -2.98%/년(p-value<.000) 이었으나 전국 평균보다 완만한 감소 때문에 유사성이 거부되었다(p-value=.026). 남성 폐암의 AAPC는 전국 평균과 비교에서 제주도 환자의 2006년부터 2012년 기간에 APC(4.37%/년)가 오히려 증가하여 거부되었다(p-value=.009). 결론으로, 제주도는 남성 대장암, 남성 간암, 남성 폐암의 평균 연간 % 변화율과 변화 추세가 전국 평균과 다르다는 것을 확인하였으므로 원인에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.96-103
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• 1999

The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of mycoplasmal pneumonia of slaugter pigs in Youngnam area during the period from 1995 to 1997. The prevalence and pathomorphology of gross lung lesions were studied from 682 slaughter pigs in 8 swine herds. Gross lesions of pneumonia were recorded in the lungs of 442(64.8%), from 367 out of them(83.0%) were diagnosed as mycoplasmal pneumonia. Microbiological examination was performed with 197 lungs with gross lesions of mycoplasmal pneumonia of slaughter pigs from 8 different swine herds. M hyopneumoniae, P multocida, A pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus spp, Corynebacterium spp, and H parasuis were detected in 24. 4%, 48.2%, 2.5%, 11.2%, 3.6%, and 1.0% of the pneumonic lungs, respectively. A total of 48 strains of M hyopneumoniae was investigated for their in vitro susceptibility to 8 antibiotics. Among the drugs tested, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, tiamulin and tylosin showed the high activity in minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of $0.04{\sim}5{\mu}g/ml$ while erythromycin showed low activity in MIC values($1.25{\sim}{\geq}40{\mu}g/ml$).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 1992

우리나라 일부지역의 암사망률을 추정하기 위하여 경상남도지역을 대상으로 조사연구를 시행하였다. 조사대상연구는 공무원및교직원의료보험공단 경상남도지부 피보험자 및 피부양자들이며, 이들중 1989년 1월부터 1990년 12월까지의 사망자 3,867명에 대하여 사망원인을 조사하였다. 사망원인의 확정은 사망진단서 및 의료보험공단의 전산화된 의료기관 이용자료를 기본자료로 3단계에 걸쳐 시행하였다. 사망진단서를 이용한 1차조사, 의료기관 이용자료를 이용한 2차조사, 가족설문조사인 3차조사를 시행한 결과 암질환으로 인한 사망자는 990명이었다. 사망원인이 암질환인 사망자 990례를 분석하여 우리나라 경상남도지역의 암사망률 및 부위별 암사망률을 추정하였다. 우리나라 경상남도지역 암질환의 조사망률은 10만 인 년당 남자 138.7, 여자 65.7으로 추정되었다. 또한 부위별 암사망률의 순위는 남자의 경우 위암, 간암, 폐암, 식도암, 조혈기계 암의 순이었으며, 여자는 위암, 폐암, 간암, 유방암, 자궁경부암의 순으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2015

Background: Cancer is a major health problem at global level. It is increasingly registered in Iraq and Basrah but the epidemiological situation, though becoming better documented, is still questionable regarding the adequacy of data. Objective: The study aimed to measure the incidence of cancer in Basrah. Materials and Methods: The results presented in this paper are part of a large household survey carried out in Basrah governorate-southern Iraq over a 12 month period (January to December 2013). It involved a detailed interview with adult respondents from each and every household enrolled in the study during a three-year recall period about the incidence of cancer. A total of 6,999 households were covered yielding 40,684 persons. Results: The total number of new cancer cases reported over the three- year recall period (2010-2012) was 112. The average annual incidence rate of all cancers was 91.8 per 100,000 population with a higher rate for females (109.7) compared to males (74.3) The overall age standardized rate was 150.7 per 100,000. The highest incidence rate was recorded for the Southern part of the governorate (Abul-Khasib and Fao ) at 138.8 per 100,000 and the lowest was for East of Basrah (Shatt-Arab District) at 78.0 per 100,000. With respect to cancer types, the main cancers were those of breast, lung, larynx-pharynx, leukaemia, colon-rectum and urinary bladder. These six cancers accounted for 51.5% of all reported cases. Other important cancers were those of brain, bones, pancreas and liver, accounting for a further 17.9%. Conclusions: The pattern of cancer in Basrah is generally similar to the pattern at the national level in terms of age, sex and topography but the incidence rate according to the present household survey is higher than any previously reported figures. Household surveys for cancer seem feasible albeit difficult and costly.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2011

Objectives: This article reviewed research on smoking behaviors and smoking-related health problems among university students to suggest evidences for developing smoking control strategies for them. Methods: Domestic research papers were screened through Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Koreanstudies Information Service System (KISS), Medical Library Information System (MEDLIS), Korean Medical Database (KMbase), and digital national assembly library. International papers were searched mainly via PubMed. Results: Smoking prevalence among male college students were found to be over 50% in majority of Korean studies. While studies on smoking-related health problems were scant in Korea, several recent studies overseas showed possible effects of smoking on health among young adults, including decreased lung function, respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular problems, glucose intolerance, buccal disease, depressive symptoms, and so forth. Besides, smoking behaviors were closely related with other risk behaviors including drinking, and several psychosocial factors. Conclusions: To explore the smoking problem among college students, the first step should be a national representative survey with scientific methods. More research should be focused on the smoking-related problems among college students. To prevent smoking among college students, smoking prevention education, and smoking cessation counseling, and the initiatives of smoke free campus are needed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.198-210
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• 1999

The goal of respiratory management in high risk infants is to maintain proper oxygenation by supporting respiration, therefore to minimize the secondary complications and to promote the maximum growth and development. While on artificial ventilator to achieve this goal, the infants require endotracheal suctioning(ETS) to remove lung secretions. However, the negative effects of ETS in neoates have been documented and include hypoxia, bradycardia, mucosal damage, increased intracranial pressure, and death result. The purpose of the study was to investigate how ETS is currently performed in NICU, which would be beneficial to develop the standardized ETS protocol and to apply it to these population. A national-wide survey on clinical protocol of ETS was performed to 149 neonatal nurses with the average of 3 years and 6 months experience in neonatal nursing, 34.2% of whom was bachelor in nursing. The results showed that about 89% of the nurses initiate En primarily based on the need of the subjects. The aseptic regulation on ETS was used in 83.9% of the subjects. There was no regulation on the length of catheter in 32.9% and on ID/OD ratio in 17.4%. Many nurses administered hyperoygenation/hyperinflation/hyperventilation based on personal knowhow, rather than scientific rationals (77.2%, 40.9%, 75.2%, retrospectively). About 41% of the nurse regulate subjectively the suction power, while 73.8% of them rotate the sub ject's head during suctioning and the half of the nurses was favorable in adapting the closed-suctioning protocol. With the findings of the study, the current clinical application of E% in neonates appears to be based on adult care practices, or personal preference, rather than scientific validation of the safety and effectiveness of the procedure. This study support the needs for developing and applying the standardized ETS protocolin conjunction with the consideration given to the physiologic characteristics of the neonates in respiratory distress.