• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.244-248
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to radiographically evaluate marginal bony changes in relation to different vertical positions of dental implants. Methods: Two hundred implants placed in 107 patients were examined. The implants were classified by the vertical positions of the fixture-abutment connection (microgap): 'bone level,' 'above bone level,' or 'below bone level.' Marginal bone levels were examined in the radiographs taken immediately after fixture insertion, immediately after second-stage surgery, 6 months after prosthesis insertion, and 1 year after prosthesis insertion. Radiographic evaluation was carried out by measuring the distance between the microgap and the most coronal bone-to-implant contact (BIC). Results: Immediately after fixture insertion, the distance between the microgap and most coronal BIC was $0.06{\pm}0.68\;mm$; at second surgery, $0.43{\pm}0.83\;mm$; 6 months after loading, $1.36{\pm}0.56\;mm$; and 1 year after loading, $1.53{\pm}0.51\;mm$ ($mean{\pm}SD$). All bony changes were statistically significant but the difference between the second surgery and the 6-month loading was greater than between other periods. In the 'below bone level' group, the marginal bony change between fixture insertion and 1 year after loading was about 2.25 mm, and in the 'bone level' group, 1.47 mm, and in 'above bone level' group, 0.89 mm. Therefore, the marginal bony change was smaller than other groups in the 'above bone level' group and larger than other groups in the 'below bone level' group. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that marginal bony changes occur during the early phase of healing after implant placement. These changes are dependent on the vertical positions of implants.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.411-422
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study was conducted to find out the effects of healing farm resources and participant satisfaction on the level of stress and loyalty. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 18 subjects who participated in agro-healing activities (aged 49.5 years on average) and the concentration of cortisol, the level of stress and satisfaction with the services and program of a healing farm. The healing-agriculture activities were performed once a week, a total of 7 sessions, for 90 minutes and their saliva was collected before and after the activities. Results: The concentration of cortisol, a stress hormone, was statistically significantly reduced after the healing-agriculture activities in 5 out of 7 sessions. The total cortisol concentration showed statistically significant differences. The 6th session was comprised of different activities, compared to others, such as understanding weeds, managing a garden and making a pizza with fermentation enzymes, and the level of cortisol in the 6th session was the lowest after participating in the agro-healing activities, which indicated that the activities have the positive effect of lowering the level of stress. The level of stress was lowered from 18.39 to 16.78, which was consistent with the results of the concentration of cortisol. The level of satisfaction in the last session was below 50%, which indicated that the owner of the farm might be a little inexperienced in education and marketing on information and safety. The variables of participants including stress and satisfaction with services showed a strong influence on their loyalty. Conclusion: Satisfaction with services and loyalty to the healing farm showed a very high correlation, which was statistically significant. It also showed that participants' stress level and satisfaction with the services and program of the healing farm have a strong influence on their loyalty.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.247-273
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• 2017

Many different engagement situations require naval ships to achieve some level of effectiveness. The performance of the naval ships is very important for such effectiveness. There have been many studies that analyze the effectiveness and the performance. The former are largely related to engagement level simulations, while the latter are largely related to engineering level simulations. However, there have been few studies that consider both the engagement level and the engineering level at the same time. Therefore, this study presents three case studies using engagement simulation of the engineering level to check the performance of the related parameters. First, detection performance simulations are carried out by changing the specifications of the passive sonars of a submarine in different scenarios. Maneuvering performance simulations are carried out by changing the specification of the hydroplanes of a submarine in different scenarios. Lastly, in order to check whether or not our forces would succeed in attacking enemy forces, we perform an engagement simulation with various naval ship models that consist of several engineering level models, such as command systems, weapon systems, detection systems, and maneuver systems. As a result, the performance according to the specifications of the naval ships and weapons is evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1991

Two-level numerical models are formulated to predict the flow pattern, SS(suspended solids) distribution and the behavior of discharged fresh water in estuary, and are applied to the Suyoung River estuary in Pusan, Korea. To verify the application of the models, field observations of tidal current, salinity and 55 were performed during the period of spring tide. Computed upper level velocities by two-level model are in better agreement with observed values than single model. Apart from the magnitude of the velocities, the predicted flow fields at upper level are similar to those obtained at lower level. Upper level velocities in river channel during ebb spring tide are about 2 times stronger than those during flood spring tide due to the discharging flow rate from the Suyoung River. Two-level model results on the salinity and 55 distribution at upper level are compared with the observed ones at the surface. Computed salinity distributions are in good agreement with the observed values, but computed 55 distributions show $6{\~}10$ ppm higher values than the observed ones.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.187-204
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• 2013

In this study, we developed a comprehensive model to measure the National Information Security Level based on PRM framework. The proposed model reflected a rapidly changing technology environments such as social network service, mobile devices, and etc. This new model consists of three layers:Infrastructure Layer, the Action Layer and the Performance Layer, and there are 16 sub-indexes under the 3 layers. To develop new model and sub-indexes for measuring the National Information Security Level, much amounts of documents related to security indexes or deliberation criteria and security guidelines from international organization were reviewed and then most probable index pool were composed. The Index pool were verified by expert group consisting of professors and specialists. Through five times of screening and having an evaluation review, 16 sub-indexes were deduced and then Delphi and AHP have been conducted to obtain validity and objectiveness of the indexes. Thus the new proposed national information security index will show more exact national information security level and we expect that the indexes give much implications for establishing information protection policy.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2006

This study was to verity that the uptake inhibition and accumulation of nitrogen in different potassium levels. Lettuce was used as model plant in this study and grown in pot of 10cm's in diameter and depth with mixture media of vermiculite and perlite under supply of different culture solution for three weeks. Nitrogen absorption at root was inhibited by increased potassium concentration in nutrient solution, and nitrate accumulation of plant was depended on absorption of nitrogen because nitrate content of 0 K level was 4-5 times higher than that of 2 K level, Concentration of ascorbic acid was decreased by increasing the nitrogen absorption, since ascorbic acid (AsA) content of 2K level was higher than those of OK level in both of old leaf and flesh leaf.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1049-1057
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze and compare environmental attitudes of interest groups, including visitors, local residents, Buddhist monks, and staff of the Korea National Park Service in Gayasan National Park. To achieve this purpose, five hypotheses were formulated and tested. While three hypotheses were statistically rejected, two were accepted. In every interest group, the environmental attitude level of women was higher than that of men. Local residents particularly showed statistically significant differences in accordance with occupation. The difference in environmental attitude between visitors and local residents was not statistically significant. Finally, the environmental attitude level between interest groups was divided into three groups. The staff of the Korea National Park Service showed the highest level of environmental attitude, followed by Buddhist monks, and a group of visitors and residents recorded the lowest. However, the average level of environmental attitude of every interest group scored above the mid-point of 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that there exists no difference between or conflicts among interest groups related to strengthening conservation and management policies regarding the protection of Gayasan National Park.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 2019

Oral gargling solution has been used for the control of halitosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of hydrogen sulphide concentration between silk oral gargling solution and commercially available oral gargling solution. Total 21 volunteers were included in this study. The relative level of hydrogen sulphide concentration was calculated to the baseline level. In terms of the primary endpoint of the trial, relative level of hydrogen sulphide concentration was $50.84{\pm}33.19%$ with silk group, versus $71.07{\pm}21.83%$ with Listerine group ($P_{non-inferiority}=0.003$). In conclusion, the results of oral gargling with a silk protein for healthy individual were non-inferior to oral gargling with Listerine for hydrogen sulphide concentration reduction.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.82-85
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• 2014

Upper extremity replantation is relatively less commonly performed than finger or hand replantation. We have experienced one case of forearm replantation and one case of upper arm replantation. After the replantation, limb volume at the biceps brachii muscle level below the replantation level appeared to be appropriate, however, the motor function of the muscles and the sensitivity were disappointing. For replantation of forearm and upper arm, restoration of the motor function and sensitivity of the extremity below the amputation level as well as the morphologic reconstruction have to be considered.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.504-508
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• 1991

In order to investigate whether the function of distal nephron is disturbed in adenine-induced renal failure rats, we measured the urinary kallikrein level in adenine-ingesting rats fed on 0.75% adenine diet for 1 to 10 days. Administration of 0.75% adenine to rats significantly increased blood urea nitrogen level and urine volume, while the level of kallikrein along with the urinary excretions of urea and inorganic phosphate were significantly decreased. From these results, it is suggested that adenine-induced renal failure is caused by early deterioration of distal nephron as well as proximal nephron.