• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.2042-2060
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• 2013

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy efficiency is one of the most essential design considerations, since sensor nodes are resource constrained. Group communication can reduce WSNs communication overhead by sending a message to multiple nodes in one packet. In this paper, in order to simultaneously resolve the transmission security and scalability in WSNs group communications, we propose a hierarchical cluster-based secure and scalable group key management scheme, called HRKT, based on logic key tree and route key tree structure. The HRKT scheme divides the group key into cluster head key and cluster key. The cluster head generates a route key tree according to the route topology of the cluster. This hierarchical key structure facilitates local secure communications taking advantage of the fact that the nodes at a contiguous place usually communicate with each other more frequently. In HRKT scheme, the key updates are confined in a cluster, so the cost of the key updates is reduced efficiently, especially in the case of massive membership changes. The security analysis shows that the HRKT scheme meets the requirements of group communication. In addition, performance simulation results also demonstrate its efficiency in terms of low storage and flexibility when membership changes massively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.296-303
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of cavity designs on the marginal leakage of class 5 glass ionomer restorations. The five cavity designs were as follows ; notch shape(A group), notch shape with groove(B group), combined lesion(C group), combined lesion with groove and deep chamfer margin(D group) and combined lesion with groove and shoulder(E group), and each design had 10 cavities. After the cavities were restored with GIC, they were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution for 6 hours. The specimens were washed thoroughly and sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction through the center of the restorations. The degree of marginal leakage was measured as the extent of dye penetration under the stereoscope. The results of this study were as follows 1. The enamel margins of all groups showed lesser leakage than dentin/cementum margins(p<0.05). 2. The combined lesion(C group) showed more leakage than notch shape(A group), but there was no siginificant difference(p>0.05). 3. In the notch shape, there was no influence on the marginal leakage by the groove preparation. 4. In the combined lesion, marginal leakage was decreased by the groove preparation and marginal modification.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.574-582
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing pursuit benefits of female consumers in twenties, and explain the differences in underwear purchase behaviors among them. For data collection, research questionnaires were responded by 232 female consumers living in Busan. The collected data were analyzed by the frequency factor analysis using SPSS 12.0 for Windows, the factor analysis using Varimax, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, and ${\chi}^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, consumers' clothing pursuit benefit was drawn from six factors: Self-esteem, Individuality, Fashion, Brand, Practicality, and Price pursuit. The results of the factor analysis of clothing benefit were divided into four groups: Brand pursuit group, Fashion pursuit group, Self-esteem pursuit group, and Individuality/rationality pursuit group. Second, the results of analysing underwear purchase behaviors among clothing pursuit benefit groups showed significant differences in purchase motive, source of information, evaluation criteria, and purchase practices. The underwear purchase motives were significantly different in diversity purchase factor between the groups; sources of information used for underwear purchase were significantly different in the window display factor. The underwear evaluation criteria were significantly different among the groups in decoration and practicality factors, while purchase practices were significantly different among the groups only in underwear purchasing places.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.573-582
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to examine the effect of morning stretching on depression and motivation of rehabilitation for stroke patients. Method: Design of this study was noneqivalent control pre-test post-test design. Subjects were total 62 patients (Experimental: 30 subjects, Control: 32 subjects) being hospitalized for stroke in a national medical center. Measures were CES-D for depression and PAREMO for motivation of rehabilitation. Data were collected from 1st March to 30th July, 2004. Data have been processed using SPSS/WIN 11.0. Results: The results of this study were as followings: 1) Experimental group was showed lower level of depression than that of control group (t=8.934, P=.000). 2) Experimental group was showed higher motivation of rehabilitation than control group (t=-12.43, P=.000). Conclusion: As a result, it was confirmed that morning stretching which was intervened in this study was one of the nursing intervention that lowers the level of depression and promotes motivation of rehabilitation for stroke patients, that helps to improve their psychological and mental problems.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of luxury brand value on luxury brand preferences according to chemyon(social-face). For data collection, research questionnaires were responded by 222 females over 20 years old consumers living in Pusan and Ulsan. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0 for windows Package by frequency analysis, the factor analysis using Varimax, reliability analysis, multi-regression analysis, and chow-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, concerning the worth of luxury brands that qualify value, conspicuous value, unique value, and emotional value significantly affected the consumers' luxury brand preferences. On the other hand, only social value of the luxury brand did not have a significant effect on the consumers luxury brand preferences. Second, the study was to investigate whether the luxury brand value has an effect on the brand preferences according the consumer's chemyon or not. The results showed different effects of perceived values on luxury brand preferences between the low chemyon group and the high chemyon group. The high chemyon group had an effect on conspicuous value, social value, and emotional value, while the low chemyon group had an effect on quality value for luxury brand preference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.897-908
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• 2018

This study investigates the effect of mimicry buying on differentiation behavior in the context of fashion product consumption. Merging insights from social identity theory, optimal distinctiveness theory and previous research on narcissism, this article presents ingroup-outgroup categorization, narcissistic tendency and social status to serve as boundary conditions of this effect. Experiment 1 supports the hypothesis that more differentiation behavior against mimicry buying is reinforced when the mimicker is an in-group member compared to an out-group member. Based on this result, we conducted Experiment 2 to understand the effect of narcissistic tendency and mimicker's social status on differentiation behavior in the in-group context. The results show that the effect of narcissistic tendency on differentiation behavior is mediated by a perceived distinctiveness threat when the mimicker is an in-group member. In addition, this mediating effect is moderated by the mimicker's social status. Narcissistic tendencies have a direct negative effect on differentiation behavior when the mimicker is an in-group member with a high social status. However, high narcissistic tendency induces a more distinctiveness threat when the mimicker is an in-group member with a low social status. This then results in a greater differentiation behavior. Implications for marketers and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing intervention program for rehabilitation inpatients and to evaluate the effects of the program on depression, motivation and self-efficacy. Methods: The study was conducted using a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were rehabilitation inpatients, 27 patients in the control group and 20 in the experimental group. Data were collected from May to November, 2012. Questionnaires were completed three times (pretest, 5 days, 10 days) Final data for 40 patients were analyzed, 23 patients in the control group and 17 in the experimental group. Data were analyzed using $x^2-test$, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: Depression in the experimental group decreased compared to the control group, but it was not significant. Motivation for the experimental group changed significantly (F=3.90, p=.029) and self-efficacy increased, but not significantly (F=0.59, p=.559) Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that nursing intervention programs for rehabilitation inpatients could be useful to decrease depression and to improve motivation and self-efficacy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.351-352
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• 2018

With the rise of the Internet era, instant messaging is playing an increasingly important role in the entire Internet market. Nowadays, most of chat softwares on the market are designed for chatting with friends. Before joining a group chat, we must be invited by your friends. On certain occasions, it is very troublesome to invite lots of people quickly if people want to build a group chat temporarily. Therefore I developed a chat application for ad-hoc groups to solve the problem. Ad-hoc groups can be used for some specific occasions for example some large meetings and gatherings. People can create a group at any time any where and other people can join the group chat fast. People that include friends and strangers all can join a group chat by scanning the QR code without adding anyone as friends.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of auricular acupressure on postpartum depression and fatigue among early postpartum mothers. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Forty early postpartum mothers were recruited from two postpartum care centers and randomly assigned to experimental group (n=20) and control group (n=20). The experimental group received the nursing intervention of auricular acupressure. Results: There were significant differences in postpartum depression and fatigue between the two groups. The participants in the experimental group showed significantly decreased scores of postpartum depression (z=-2.51, p=.012) and fatigue (t=5.36, p<.001). Conclusion: The nursing intervention programs using the auricular acupressure is effective in reducing depression and fatigue of early postpartum mothers. The findings will be useful for the health promotion among early postpartum mothers.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.115-130
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• 2018

This study looked at how New Zealand's national brand is expressed in fashion design. In other words, the objective of this study was to offer a research methodology about the process that the conceptual national brand materializes through design. The method used in this research was the review of previous literature and research reports for New Zealand national branding. A direct market survey on the characteristics of fashion brands in each travel destination was conducted from February 2017 to February 2018. New Zealand announced its slogan for the national brand '100% pure New Zealand' in 1999, and in 2003 it announced the slogan 'new thinking New Zealand' with the value of 'newness' and 'innovation'. It also has 'Maori branding'. The study found that the three slogans had a consistent link from keywords to associated visual images. The above results were compared to the reminiscent visual images extracted from the website contents of the fashion brand. Then, using a t-shirt as an item, the t-shirt corresponding to each group was classified, and the design element analyzed. As a result, the four groups showed images of 'New Zealand ecology image', 'ethnic & Kiwiana image', 'nostalgic travel image' and 'pop image'.