• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1996

This study was carried out to identify the gross anatomical and radiographic characteristics of the nasolacrimal system of the Korean native goat. The results were as follows : The nasolacrimal system are composed of two lacrimal ducts, two lacrimal, canaliculus, one lacrimal sac and one nasolacrimal duct. The nasolacrimal duct was divided into proximal, middle and distal portion. The nasolacrimal duct took a straight course to be paralleled with nasal bones and opened close to the nostril on the medial surface of the alar fold. The diameter of lacrimal punctum, the length of eyelid margin to lacrimal punctum, the length of canaliculus and the diameter of lacrimal sac were 0.82~0.90mm, 1.06~1.54mm, 5.65~6.30mm and 1.77~2.06mm, respectively. The length of proximal, middle and distal nasolacrimal duct were 36.84~40.00mm, 23.53~24.31mm and 14.55~14.73mm, respectively. The diameter of the orifice of nasolacrimal duct, the length of lateral margin of nostril to orifice of nasolacrimal duct and the length of dorsum to orifice of nasolacrimal duct were 1.29~1.33mm, 12.97~12.53mm and 15.24~16.11mm. The skull index of Korean native goat was not significantly different from the length of nasolacrimal duct.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2022

To determine the morphology of the lacrimal sac fossa and bony nasolacrimal duct using computed tomography for obtaining detailed anatomical understanding of the drainage system and utilizing these measurements in planning for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction in normal southwest (SW) population of Iran. One-hundred-sixty-five cases referred for the diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmic conditions were retrospectively studied. Measurements of lacrimal sac fossa were taken on three anatomical sections (upper, middle, and lower planes) utilizing a digital caliper/protractor instrument. Lacrimal thickness and two measurements of maxillary bone thickness were taken at each plane-namely, the "midpoint thickness" and the "maximum thickness." The anterior extent of the nasal mucosa and NLD width was also evaluated. The mean maximum thickness of the maxillary bone at the three anatomical planes of the lacrimal sac fossa was 4.07 mm, 4.78 mm, and 5.60 mm, respectively. The midpoint thickness of the maxillary bone at each plane was 2.38 mm, 1.99 mm, and 1.68 mm, respectively, in both sexs. The lacrimal bone thickness at each level was 0.76 mm, 0.69 mm, and 0.67 mm, respectively. The proportion of the lacrimal sac fossa comprising the lacrimal bone at lower plane was 43.57% and showed a positive correlation with age (P=0.01). The mean anteroposterior bony nasolacrimal diameter was 5.94 mm with no significant difference between patient sex and age. According to the results, its indicate that performing an osteotomy during DCR could be easier in the Iranian SW population compared to other ethnics.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.322-326
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• 1992

Epiphora is overflow of tears due to obstruction of lacrimal duct. Dacryocystorhinostomy is the most common procedure to eliminate the epiphora secondary to complete or partial obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. The procedure is to artificially create passage between lacrimal sac and nasal cavity. Especially, epiphora would be accompany often by nasolacrimal duct obstruction when trauma of oromaxillofacial area lead to nasal fracture, medial wall fracture of orbit. Therefore in this case there are many case to perform dacryocystorhinostomy because probing and tubing is difficult to resolve the epiphora. We performed 4 cases of dacryocystorhinostomy for adult nasolacrimal duct obstruction from May 1991 to October 1991. The results were very satisfactory in all the case. Epipora disappeared in all case.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2022

Primary lymphoma originating from the lacrimal drainage system is a rare disease. Such lymphomas are mostly B-cell in origin and present nonspecific symptoms. The treatment of malignant lymphoma of the lacrimal drainage system is slightly different. We present the case of a 71-year-old woman with a painless mass below the medial canthus. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the orbit revealed a mass invading the right lacrimal sac. An incision biopsy was obtained, and the pathologic findings suggested a diagnosis of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the lacrimal sac. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate. After completing eight cycles of chemotherapy, the patient was followed up by a CT scan, which revealed nearly total resolution of an ill-defined enhancing mass. At the time of this case report writing, the patient is in complete remission at six months with no other complications.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.508-515
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• 2000

Purpose: To evaluate the value of dacryoscintigraphy in the assessment of patients with a clinical diagnosis of functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Materials and Methods: Dacryoscintigraphy was performed in symptomatic 35 lacrimal drainage systems in 18 patients (age range: $37{\sim}76$, 8 males, 10 females) that were patent on syringing. Results: Abnormalities were detected with dacryoscintigraphy in 75.8% of systems. The positive scintigrams were subdivided into those demonstrating prelacrimal sac delay (31.8%), delay at the lacrimal sac/junction (40.9%), or delay within the duct (21%). Conclusion: Dacryoscintigraphy is noninvasive useful technique in the assessment of the functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction and very sensitive at detecting abnormalities in patients with lid laxity caused by senile change and facial nerve palsy.

• Kosin Medical Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.358-368
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• 2018

Objectives: To identify the relationship between surgical success rate and preoperative nasal mucosal thickness around the lacrimal sac fossa, as measured using computed tomography. Methods: We reviewed 33 eyes from 27 patients who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy after diagnosis of primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction and who were followed-up with for at least six months between 2011 and 2014. We measured preoperative nasal mucosal thickness around the bony lacrimal sac fossa using computed tomography and analyzed patient measurements after classifying them into three groups: the successfully operated group, the failed operation group, and the non-operated group. Results: Surgery failed in six of the 33 eyes because of a granuloma at the osteotomy site and synechial formation of the nasal mucosa. The failed-surgery group showed a clinically significantly greater decrease in nasal mucosal thickness at the rearward lacrimal sac fossa compared with the successful-surgery group. However, nasal mucosal thickness of fellow eyes (i.e., non-operated eyes) was not significantly different between the two groups, and the location of the uncinate process did not appear to influence mucosal thickness. In the failed group, posteriorly located mucosal thickness of operated eye fossa was thinner than that of the non-operated eyes, but not significantly so. Conclusions: Our results from this quantitative anatomical study suggest that nasal mucosal thickness is a predictor of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy results.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.559-564
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of dacryoscintigraphy with Tc-99 m Pertechnetate, which is useful in functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction diagnosis in human medical science, by applying it to normal dogs. Dacryoscintigraphy was performed on six clinically healthy beagle dogs to confirm normal passage of their lacrimal ducts. The scintigraphic images of both lacrimal system were obtained at 5 min, 10 min, and 20 min after Tc-99 m Pertechnetate administration, respectively. If lacrimal duct does not come into view within 20 min, delayed images at 30min, 45min and 60 min were gained. After drawing ROI of left and right canaliculus, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct acquired after dacryoscintigraphy, we measured each counting rate and developed a counting rate table for each time interval. Of the total of 12 places, 10 (83.3%) showed patency within 20 min, and 11 (91.6%) showed patency within 30 min. In one dog, a functional obstruction of right lacrimal canal was observed. Dacryoscintigraphy could provide useful information about functional and anatomical lacrimal duct obstruction in veterinary medicine as well as in clinical research.