• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

Fractures of frontal sinus account for 5%-12% of all fractures of facial skeleton. Inadequately treated frontal sinus injuries may result in malposition of sinus structures, as well as subsequent distortion of the overlying soft tissue. Such inappropriate treatment can result in aesthetic complaints (contour deformity) as well as medical complications (recurrent sinusitis, mucocele or mucopyocele, osteomyelitis of the frontal bone, meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess or thrombosis of the cavernous sinus) with potentially fatal outcomes. Frontal contour deformity warrants surgical intervention. Although deformities should be corrected by the deficiency in tissue type, skin and soft tissue correction is considered better choice than bone surgery because of minimal invasiveness. Development of infection in the postoperative period requires all secondary operations to be delayed, pending the resolution of infectious symptoms. The anterior cranial fossa must be isolated from the nasal cavity to prevent infectious complications. Because most of the complications are related to infection, frontal sinus fractures require extensive surgical debridement and adequate restructuring of the anatomy. The authors suggest surgeons to be familiar with various methods of treatment available in the prevention and management of complications following frontal sinus fractures, which is helpful in making the proper decision for secondary frontal sinus fracture surgery.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.301-304
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• 2018

Awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation is a useful technique, especially in patients with airway obstruction. It must not only provide sufficient anesthesia, but also maintain spontaneous breathing. We introduce a method to achieve this using a small dose of fentanyl and midazolam in combination with topical anesthesia. The cases of 2 patients (1 male, 1 female) who underwent oral maxillofacial surgery are reported. They received $50{\mu}g$ of fentanyl 2-3 times (total $2.2-2.3{\mu}g/kg$) at intervals of approximately 2 min. Oxygen was administered via a mask at 6 L/min, and 0.5 mg of midazolam was administered 1-4 times (total 0.02-0.05 mg/kg) at intervals of approximately 2 min. A tracheal tube was inserted through the nasal cavity after topical anesthesia was applied to the epiglottis, vocal cords, and into the trachea through the fiberscope channel. All patients were successfully intubated. This is a useful and safe method for awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2004

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) is the malignant part of mesenchymal cell-originated tumor, which is supposed that the tumor is presented various histologic features consisted of fibrosarcomatic and histiocytic portions. When the tumor is arisen in the head and neck region, the most affected sites are the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and secondly the maxillary alveolar bone is occasionally influenced. Therefore, MFH can readily involve the adjacent alveolar bone. The treatment of MFH in the head and neck is various, that is, the involved sites and the differentiation of tumor must be considered when the tumor is treated. The treatment protocols are subjected to general ones of soft tissue sarcoma, and simple or combination therapy is used in the surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. So, we report a clinical case of chemotherapy involving intraarterial chemotherapy, and surgery of malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) in the maxilla, with review of the literature.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2003

We used bipedicled scapular osteocutaneous free flap for total maxillectomy defect reconstruction in 3 cases of malignant maxillary tumor. We elevated two flaps of the skin paddle and the bone flap with one common pedicle - the subscapular artery - which was devided to the angular branch of the thoracodorsal artery and the circumflex scapular artery to reconstruct the nasal cavity, the palate and the zygoma. The angle between the two flaps was free enough so that we could transfer the two flaps through a single microanastomosis. After the operation, patients could swallow and pronounce well, and the wound contracture was minimal so that we could get aesthetically good result.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 1984

During a 10 year periods, 42 patients with well-documented Midline Malignant Reticulosis were treated with local irradiation and followed for extended periods of time. 13 cases with systemic manifestation after irradiation illustrate the protean features of this disease. Although it commonly Presents in upper airway tracts such as nasal cavity and/or septum, soft palate and palatine tonsil, the lesion may be localized as well as diffuse. 2 cases among them showed systemic relapse on lung, pancreas and scrotum probably from either a multifocal or metastatic deposits. Another 3 eases were associated with systemic diseases such as stomach carcinoma, typhoid enteritis and CNI of fat tissue. Remained cases were diagnosed by clinical or radiological examination. Possibility of close relation to lymphoma with Midline Malignant Reticulosis are also suggested in 1 case. In Midline Malignant Reticulosis, the best results of treatment are obtained in localized lesion of the upper airway treated early with irradiation: A poorer outcome is associated with multifocal systemic involvement, which necessitates a systemic therapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 1984

The CT findings of 46 cases of nasopharyngeal cancer were analyzed and compared with clinical tumor staging. They are composed of 28 cases $(61\%)$ of squamous cell carcinoma, 13cases $(28\%)$ of undifferentiated carcinoma, 4 cases $(9\%)$of lymphoma and 1 case $(2\%)$ of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The results were as follows : 1. The most common CT findings of nasopharyngeal cancers are air·way asymmetry including obliteration of Rosenmuller fossa, orifice of Eustachian tube and asymmetric obliteration of parapharyngeal fat. 2. Other involved anatomic sites are carotid sheath area, oropharynx, paranasal sinuses especially sphenoid sinus, cervical lymph nodes, nasal cavity and skull base or middle cranial fossa. 3. CT does significantly influence on the tumor staging of the nasopharynx cancers, but has a definite value in evaluating deep tissue invasion of the cancers especially to parapharyngeal space or carotid sheath area. 4. CT seems to be essential for staging work-up, estimating the prognosis, and assessing the effect of radiotherapy of the nasopharyngeal cancer because it clearly shows the whole extent of the tumors including deep tissue invasion.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.143-145
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• 2009

신경초종은 전신의 말이집신경 중 어디에서나 발생할 수 있는 말초신경집 양성종양이다. 이 종양이 비강에서 발생하는 것은 흔하지 않다. 저자들은 뇌경색으로 입원하고 있던 55세 여자환자에서 다량의 비출혈을 동반한 비강 신경집종 1예를 보고하는 바이다. 부비강 컴퓨터단층촬영사진상 좌측비강과 비인두를 채우는 비균질한 저음영의 거대 종양이 관찰되었고 뼈의 재형성 역시 관찰되었다. 내시경 생검을 시행하였다. 병리검사상, 난원형의 경계가 좋은 병변이 편평상피로 화생된 비강 점막 아래에서 관찰되었고, 종양은 물결모양의 핵을 가진 방추세포로 이루어져 있었고, 방추형의 핵들이 밀집하게 모여있는 Antoni A 부분과 세포의 수가 적으며 허술하게 뭉쳐있는 Antoni B 부분으로 이루어져 있었으며 S-100 단백질 면역염색에 양성이었다. 비강의 신경초종으로 진단하였다. 따라서, 흔하지 않게 접하게 되는 비강 신경초종의 임상양상, 감별진단, 및 치료에 대해 알아보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2017

Pharyngocutaneous fistula is one of the most common wound complications after total laryngectomy. The leakage of saliva may cause an erosion of greater vessels nearby and result in a life-threatening bleeding. 65-year-old male received laryngectomy and pharyngectomy followed by Latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction due to recurred laryngeal cancer with oropharyngeal extension after postoperative radiotherapy. Pharyngeal fistula was developed and an excessive fresh blood flowed through the oral and nasal cavity. The patient was transferred to the operating room immediately, and the causing artery was ligated. The rupture of the common carotid artery and its branches should be warned when the pharyngocutaneous fistula is developed. Prompt and proper therapy must be performed for the patients with impending or acute hemorrhage.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.184-188
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• 1994

Therapeutic management of brain tumors is based on accurate knowledge of their size, location and histologic type. Stereotaxic cytology under CT guidance has been applied to the investigation of brain tumors, especially in the sellar turcica, third ventricle, and pineal regions. In the present case, the tumor protruded into the nasal cavity, so we were able to get cytologic material via fine needle aspiration. Although pituitary adenoma is not an unsual tumor, there have been few reports about its cytologic features. We present the cyotologic and histologic features of a case of pituitary adenoma with immunohistochemical study.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1984

The author has studied each landmark for successful interpretation in the radiograph of the head that have the complex anatomic structures, using panoramic radiograph, postero-anterior cephalometric radiograph, lateral cephalometric radiograph, Waters' radiograph of the skull. The anatomic structures of the human dry skull attached by radiopaque materials were taken radiographs and analysed comparatively. The results were as follows: 1. The overall anatomic structures of the mandible showed sharp images in the panoramic radiograph than other radiographs with relatively less distortion, superimposition, blurring of the image. 2. The anatomic structures were situated on sagital plane of the skull showed blurred images in panoramic radiograph than other radiographs. 3. The anatomic structures which were situated on the basal portion of the skull showed blurred and secondary images in the panoramic radiograph than other radiographs. 4. In the panoramic radiograph, the lower 3rd portion of the orbit appeared to be superimposed with the superior portion of the maxillary sinus and the medial and lateral surface of the nasal cavity showed extensively superimposition of the orbit and the maxillary sinus, which images showed blurring. 5. The inferior surface and posterior surface of maxillary sinus showed to be good image in the panoramic radiograph than other radiographs. 6. In the panoramic radiograph, line of maxillary bone between lateral pterygoid plate, line of maxillary bone between zygomatic bone showed distinct image with another structures.