• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.120-126
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• 2004

Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma (SNUC) is a very rare, highly aggressive malignant tumor of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. SNUC tends to present with advanced-stage disease, often with intracranial invasion. It requires an aggressive multimodality therapy that includes surgical resection. A cure rate of less than 20% is generally reported in the literature, with most patients dying within 1 year of onset of the disease. Three patients diagnosed as SNUC were treated at the Yeungnam University Medical Center between the years 2000 and 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients presented with the disease very advanced. The three cases were given chemotherapy or chemotherapy with radiotherapy. Two patients died of the disease, surviving only 6 and 11 months following treatment, respectively. We did a follow-up on just the one remaining case with incomplete controlled disease for 27 months. The overall prognosis of SNUC is very poor. We consider that more intensive multimodality therapies are recommended for all patients with SNUC.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.116-121
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• 1995

The foreign bodies in the ENT field are very common disease. The kind of foreign bodies are closely related with our life style and was represented according to culture, habit, and economical status. We analyzed retrospectively 272 cases with foreign bodies in the upper aerodigestive tract and the external auditory canal which were diagnosed and managed at the Department of Otolaryngology Chungbuk National University from Jan. 1992 to Dec. 1994. We could divided 272 cases to the three groups; Group I was 212 cases(77.9%) that the patients had foreign bodies in the external auditory canal, nasal cavity, and pharynx which didn't need to be admitted, Group II was 57 cases(22%) that the patients had esophageal foreign bodies, and Group III was 3 cases(1.1%) that the patients had bronchial foreign bodies. The most prevalent age group was under 5 years old(32.3%). The overall ratio of male and female was 1.24 : 1, and the overall ratio of urban and rural ratio was 2.31 : 1. The ratio of esophageal foreign bodies and bronchial foreign bodies was 19 : 1. The incidence of sorts of foreign bodies in Group I was fish bone(41.07%), insect(25.9%), plastic bullet(8.0%), in order of frequency. The locations of foreign bodies in Group I was external auditory canal(36.8%), the tonsil(26.9%), nasal cavity(17.0%), tongue base(10.4%) in order of frequency. The incidence of sorts of foreign bodies in Group II was coin(49.1%), chicken bone(17.5%), fish bone(15.8%), in order of frequency. The main location of foreign bodies in Group II was the first narrowing(78.9%). In the Group III, the foreign bodies were corn, peanut, and apple. One patient who was arrived too late was died.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 2023

Objective: To evaluate and compare a series of volume changes in the nasal cavity (NC), nasopharynx, oropharynx, and maxillary sinuses (MS) in growing Class III patients after either rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) followed by facemask (FM) therapy, by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Forty growing Class III patients were retrospectively selected and divided into two matched groups: RPE/FM (14 females, 6 males; mean age, 9.66 ± 1.23 years) and Alt-RAMEC/FM groups (14 females, 6 males; mean age, 10.28 ± 1.45 years). The anteroposterior and vertical displacements of Point A, the volumes of the NC, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and MS were measured at different time points: pretreatment (T1), postexpansion (T2), and postprotraction (T3). Results: Both groups demonstrated significant maxilla advancement (by 1.3 mm) during expansion, with a statistically significant intergroup difference during protraction (RPE/FM, 1.1 mm; Alt-RAMEC/FM, 2.4 mm; p < 0.05) and throughout the treatment (RPE/FM, 2.4 mm; Alt-RAMEC/FM, 3.7 mm; p < 0.05). NC and nasopharyngeal airway volumes increased significantly in both groups after expansion, protraction, and treatment. The oropharyngeal and MS volumes increased in both groups after protraction and post-treatment. However, no volumetric differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in airway volume changes, including NC, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal airway, and MS, between RPE/FM and Alt-RAMEC/FM groups at different time points. Although there was significantly more forward movement after protraction in the Alt-RAMEC/FM group, the difference was deemed too small to be clinically relevant.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2001

Background: Inverted papilloma(IP) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is a benign neoplastic condition that can be associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Several studies have indicated an etiologic role for viruses in the development of inverted papilloma. And it is necessary to find out the significance of a biologic markers such as p53, c-erbB-2 to predict the malignant potential. The purposes of this study are to detect HPV in inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, to examine role of HPV as an etiological agent, to examine the relationship between HPV subtype and malignant transformation of inverted papilloma, and to investigate the relation between expression rate of p53, c-erbB-2 and HPV in recurrent or malignant transformation cases. Material and Methods: Thirty two cases of inverted papilloma(IP) in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were reviewed and classified into 3 groups; simple IP, IP with dysplasia group, IP with squamous cell carcinoma group. Paraffin embedded achival tissue was used in this study. The HPV was detected by in situ hybridzation (ISH) using HPV type 6/11, 16/18, 31/33/35 DNA probes. Expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: 1) The HPV was detected in 6(19%) out of 32 cases. 2) The HPV 6/11 was dectected in 4 out of 21 cases of simple IP, HPV 16/18 in 1, HPV 31/33/35 in lout of 8 cases of IP with dysplasia respectively. 3) The positive expression of p53 was 13 cases out of 32 cases; 2 out of 21 cases of simple IP, all of 8 cases of IP with dysplasia and 3 cases of IP with squamous cell carcinoma 4) The positive expression of c-erbB-2 was in 24 out of 32 cases; 16 out of 21 cases of simple IP, 6 out of 8 cases of IP with dysplasia, 2 out of 3 cases of IP with squamous cell ca. 5) The recurrence of IP occurred in lout of 6 cases of positive for HPV, in 4 out of 26 cases negative for HPV. 6) The recurrence of IP occurred only in positive cases for p53. 7) The recurrence of IP occurred in 4(17%) out of 24 cases positive for c-erbB-2, in 1(13%) out of 8 cases negative for c-erbB-2. Conclusion: The p53 expression was associated with Inverted papillomas exhibiting evidence of malignant transformation. Also, there was a correlation between the p53 expression and recurrence.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2018

Purpose : The range of force differs from the size of proton energy used in our hospital. The compensator enables to change energy size based on distal thickness which also makes changes in dose rate. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of changing the thickness of compensator distal on dose range and beam on time. Subject and Methodology : Five low energy patients who have received proton therapy were selected as subjects for this study. Beam on was checked for the selected patients during the existing therapy. After then, the thickness of distal of compensator was increased by 2 cm up to 14 cm through proton therapy plan system(TPS) for comparative analysis. For the evaluation of dose range, the value of the target's conformity index(CI) and the maximum dose of rear side target's organ at risk(OAR) were compared. Furthermore, to evaluate the effect of therapy time, beam on time was compared by making compensator distal in each thickness. Result : The result of homogeneity index and conformity index of the increased compensator distal showed the same level in all patients. The comparison results of OAR of target rear side showed 7 cGy at spine cord of abdomen at maximum, 88 cGy at eyeball's RT lens, 391 cGy at RT lens of nasal cavity 51 cGy at trachea of the mediastinum, and 661 cGy at a small bowl of the pelvis. The comparison results of the beam on time showed a reduction from 126 seconds to 62 seconds for the abdomen, from 105 seconds to 37 seconds for the eyeball, from 187 seconds to 134 seconds for nasal cavity, from 100 seconds to 40 seconds for mediastinum, from 440 seconds to 118 seconds for the pelvis. Conclusion : The research result showed that as the distal thickness of compensator increased, the size of energy increased. In addition, beam on decreased due to the increase of dose rate. It is expected that the result would help reduce the treatment time and increase the convenience of patients if it is applied to liver patients who need respiratorygated therapy and pediatric patients. However, distal penumbra increased as the size energy increased. Therefore, in treating cases where OAR is in the vicinity of the target rear side, the influence of penumbra should be taken into account in adjusting thickness level of the compensator in proton therapy plan.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.431-438
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• 2008

Purpose: The common deformity after the correction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity is nasal asymmetry, and it is caused by the hypoplasia of the pyriform aperture. To correct this, many procedures have been applied, but still many problems are present. Authors performed the inlay and onlay insertion of porous high density polyethylene sheet(1 mm thickness $Medpor{(R)}$ sheet) in the hypoplastic pyriform margin of cleft side and obtained satisfactory results. Methods: 11 cases were performed and the mean follow up period was 15.1 months. Their mean age was 23.6 years. Under general anesthesia, bilateral pyriform margin was exposed. $Medpor{(R)}$ sheets in "match stick" like shaped were inlay inserted, and kidney shaped were onlay inserted fixating with two 6 mm titanium screws. After the surgery, the results was evaluated by photogrammetric analysis. On the basal view, the distance from the subalare and labiale superius' to the transverse baseline connecting the both cheilions was measured from the cleft side and the non-cleft side. Then, the postoperative symmetry was assessed by obtaining the cleft side against the non-cleft side as proportion index, defined as lateral and medial upper lip contour index. Results: There were 2 infections. The cause was because the inserted implant was too long and thus protruded to the base of nasal cavity. The lateral upper lip contour index was from 95.49 to 103.27, and medial upper lip contour index was from 90.92 to 100.49, it was statistically increased, and thus the symmetry was improved. However clinically mild depression remained at nostril floor. Conclusion: Authors performed porous high density polyethylene sheet inlay and onlay insertion for the hypoplasia of the pyriform margin in unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. It was found that depressed pyriform margin and upper lip were corrected effectively except for the nostril floor, for which an additional soft tissue augmentation would be necessary. The inlay insertion has risk of protrusion, thus the guideline of the use of artificial prosthesis should be observed strictly.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2018

Objectives. Regenerative treatment using stem cells may serve as treatment option for empty nose syndrome (ENS), which is caused by the lack of turbinate tissue and deranged nervous system in the nasal cavity. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in the treatment of ENS. Methods. In this prospective observational clinical study, we enrolled 10 ENS patients who volunteered to undergo treatment of ENS through the injection of autologous SVF. Data, including demographic data, pre- and postoperative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-25 (SNOT-25) scores, overall patient satisfaction, and postoperative complications, were prospectively collected. Nasal secretion was assessed using the polyurethane foam absorption method, and the levels of biological markers were analyzed in both ENS group and control group using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The SVF extracted from abdominal fat was diluted and injected into both inferior turbinates. Results. Among the 10 initial patients, one was excluded from the study. Subjective satisfaction was rated as "much improved" in two and "no change" in seven. Among the improved patients, the mean preinjection SNOT-25 score was 55.0 and the score at 6 months after injection was 19.5. However, the average SNOT-25 score of nine participants at 6 months after injection (mean${\pm}$standard deviation, $62.4{\pm}35.8$) did not differ significantly from the baseline SNOT-25 score ($70.1{\pm}24.7$, P>0.05, respectively). Among the various inflammatory markers assessed, the levels of interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-8, and calcitonin gene-related peptide were significantly higher in ENS patients. Compared with preinjection secretion level, the nasal secretions from SVF-treated patients showed decreased expressions of $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-8 after injection. Conclusion. Although SVF treatment appears to decrease the inflammatory cytokine levels in the nasal mucosa, a single SVF injection was not effective in terms of symptom improvement and patient satisfaction. Further trials are needed to identify a more practical and useful regenerative treatment modality for patients with ENS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.6
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• pp.1377-1388
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• 2020

Purpose This study aimed to determine whether nasal septal deviation and concha bullosa affect the maxillary sinus volume, and whether this effect is associated with the prevalence of chronic sinusitis. Materials and Methods This study retrospectively reviewed 209 paranasal sinus CT (PNS CT) images of patients with sinonasal symptoms from January 2017 to December 2018. The maxillary sinus volume was measured twice by a radiologist, and statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4. Results Intersex comparison of the maxillary sinus volume (on left and right sides) revealed that the volume was significantly larger on both the sides (p < 0.0001) in men compared with that in women. Concha bullosa was found to occur mainly in the concave cavity of the septal deviation (p < 0.0001). No significant association was found between nasal septal deviation and maxillary sinusitis (p = 0.8756) as well as between concha bullosa and maxillary sinusitis prevalence (p = 0.3401) or maxillary sinus volume (both: p = 0.6289, Rt.: p = 0.9522, Lt.: p = 0.9201). Conclusion Although nasal septal deviation and the location of concha bullosa may affect each other, maxillary sinus volume and maxillary sinusitis were neither associated with nasal septal deviation nor concha bullosa.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 1989

Morphological features of the vomeronasal organ of both Korean native cattle and Korean native goat were studied by gross, microscopic and histochemical examinations. Anatomical characteristics of the vomeronasl organ were similar in both Korean native cattle and Korean native goats. The vomeronasal organ is a tubular structure situated bilaterally at the base of the nasal septum, and enclosed by hyaline cartilage. Its lumen is semilunar to crescent in transverse sections. It join with the incisive duct through narrow duct. The lumen of the vomeronasal organ is lined with sensory and respiratory epithelia. The distribution pattern of vomeronasal mucosal epithelia varied by the position. In the anterior portion joining with nasal cavity, the lumen is lined with only respiratory epitheliu. In the middle portion, sensory epithelium appeared on the medial side, and respiratory epithelium on the lateral side. In the posterior, it is lined with sensory epithelium on the ventral side and lined with respiratory epithelium on the dorsal side. The vomeronasal gland composed of mucous and serous acini are distributed in the lamina propria under the respiratory epithelium, where venous sinuses are also well developed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2003

Background: Delayed mucociliary clearance develops the pooling of nasal secretion in the nasal cavity and is a common cause of vicious cycle of symptoms in chronic sinusitis. mucociliary clearance depends on the ciliary activity, the rheological property of the secretion and on the interaction between cilia and the mucous blanket. Objective: To demonstrate the therapeutic effect of herbal medicine (Hyunggyeyungotang) on the mucociliary transport in the chronic sinusitis using saccharine Materials and methods: Forty patients treated in our hospital between september 2000 and september 2001 were studied. Before and after therapy group are composed of twenty patients. Kamihyunggyeyungyotang was administered mainly. We analyzed the saccharine mucociliary transport time of patients. Results: 1) In the control group, the transport time is about 13.4 minutes. 2) In chronic sinusitis before Kamihyunggyeyungotang therapy, the transport time is about 27.7 minutes. 3) In chronic sinusitis after Kamihyunggyeyungotang therapy, the transport time is about 13.8 minutes. Conclusion: Delayed mucociliary transport time in chronic sinusitis is earlier after Kamihyunggyeyungotang therapy.