• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.338-355
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• 1999

In the treatment of Nasal Polyps. which are produced with allergic rhinitis, chronic paranasal sinusitis at clinic. Herb-med., acupuncture and some medicine for external application have been used. The symptoms, however, has taken a turn for the better in temporary, the nasal polyps was not removed in completely. So the origin treatment was impossible by the use of herb-med.. acupuncture and medicine. Although a surgical operation (excision) of western-medicine is effective for a specified period of time (about 6 months), the nasal polyps tend to recur. Because of that the second and third operation might be needed, so we cannot consider the operation as the treatment of nasal polyps. The study was observed to investigate the nasal polyps treatment, and to search practical attempt for the clinic application through a literature study on Bisikyuk and Bithch which are similar with nasal polyps. As results, the practical application of external treatment for the nasal polyps treatment in clinic might be more necessary, and internal use of the Herb-med. with the external treatment might be treated as supplementary treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.219-225
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• 2002

By the treatment of herb-med, acupunture and Korean(韓方)- medicine, symptoms of nasal polyp has taken a turn for the better, but nasal polyp itself was removed in completely was imppssible. Althogh a surgical operation of western -medicine, the nasal polyp tend to recur. In China, the new treatment that Chinese(漢方)-medicine and western-medicine combined was tried. The trial was effective in decreasing recurrance rate and treatment period. But it's a case of completely removed Nasal polyp through the more vanous Korean(韓方)-medicine, The patient answered in the affinnative of electric acupunture, nasal bloodletting, vaporization, external application against the existing treatment(herb-med, acupunture, moxa). If electric acupunture, nasal bloodletting, vaporization, external application are receiving careful study, they are a help to nasal polyp and opthalmologic, otolaryngologic disease.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2018

Background: The number of surgical risks recalled by a patient after surgery can be used as a parameter for assessing how well the patient has understood the informed consent process. No study has investigated the usefulness of a self-developed mobile application in the traditional informed consent process in patients with a nasal bone fracture. This study aimed to investigate whether delivery of information, such as surgical risks, through a mobile application is more effective than delivery of information through only verbal means and a paper. Methods: This prospective, randomized study included 60 patients with a nasal bone fracture. The experimental group (n=30) received preoperative explanation with the traditional informed consent process in addition to a mobile application, while the control group (n=30) received preoperative explanation with only the traditional informed consent process. Four weeks after surgery, the number of recalled surgical risks was compared for analysis. The following six surgical risks were explained: pain, bleeding, nasal deformity, numbness, nasal obstruction, and nasal cartilage necrosis. Results: The mean number of recalled surgical risks among all patients was $1.58{\pm}0.56$. The most frequently recalled surgical risk was nasal deformity in both groups. The mean number of recalled surgical risks was $1.72{\pm}0.52$ in the experimental group and $1.49{\pm}0.57$ in the control group. There was a significant association between mobile application use and the mean number of recalled surgical risks (p=0.047). Age, sex, and the level of education were not significantly associated with the mean number of recalled surgical risks. Conclusion: This study found that a mobile application could contribute to the efficient delivery of information during the informed consent process. With further improvement, it could be used in other plastic surgeries and other surgeries, and such an application can potentially be used for explaining risks as well as delivering other types of information.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1799-1808
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• 2004

Knowledge of airflow characteristics in nasal cavity is essential to understand the physiological and pathological aspects of nasal breathing. Several studies have utilized physical models of the healthy nasal cavity to investigate the relationship between nasal anatomy and airflow. Since the final goal of these works is their contribution to the diagnosisand treatment of nasal diseases, the next step on this topic is naturally studies for disordered nasal cavities. In this paper, as the first application, airflows in the normal and abnormal nasal cavities with adenoid vegetation are investigated experimentally by PIV, and comparisons of both cases are appreciated. Dense CT data and careful treatment of model surface under the ENT doctor's advice provide more sophisticatedcavity model. The CBC PIV algorithm with window offset is used for PIV flow analysis. Average and RMS distributions are obtained for inspirational and expirational nasal airflows. Airflow characteristics that are related with the abnormalities in nasal cavity are presented.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.208-219
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• 2009

Object : Understanding the importance of the external treatment of nasal polyps and let know the necessity of development of the effect of herb medicine to use in these days. Method : I investigated about 12 oriental medical texts which recorded the external treatment of nasal polyps. I separated them to three part (prescription, herb medicine, the way of making the external application) and check the frequency. Also compared the external treatment of oriental medicine and western medicine. Result : 1. Prescription: There are 48 prescriptions -Nyosasan is used 4 cases, Gwajungsan is used 2 cases and others only 1 case each. 2. Herb-med: There are 67 herb medicines - Herba Asari(細辛) is used 15 cases, Pedicellus Melo (瓜蔕) is used 11 cases, Alunite(白礬) is used 10 cases, Realgar(雄黃)is used 9 cases. 3. The way of making the external application: obstructive method is used 19 cases, attaching method is used 9 cases, blowing method is used 8 cases, plaster method is used 7 cases, pouring method is used 3 cases. 4. The treatment takes about 1day to 15days and the soften nasal polyps like a water can be expect the positive prognosis. Conclusion: The external treatment is very important to treat nasal polyps. So we need to research more on eliminating the toxicity of the herb medicine and develop the convenient way of using the external treatment.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2004

Nasal congestion is one of the most common symptoms of medical complaints. Snoring is caused by vibration of the uvula and the soft palate. Nasal obstruction may contribute not only to snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) but also impair application of continuous nasal positive airway pressure (CPAP), which is the most widely employed treatment for OSA. Total or near-total nasal obstruction leads to mouth breathing and has been shown to cause increased airway resistance. However, the exact role of the nasal airway in the pathogenesis of OSA is not clear and there is no consensus about the role of nasal obstruction in snoring and sleep apnea. Some reports have failed to demonstrate any correlation between snoring and nasal obstruction. On the other hand, opposing reports suggest that nasal disease may cause sleep disorders and that snoring can be improved after nasoseptal surgery. Reduced cross-sectional area causes increased nasal resistance and predisposes the patient to inspiratory collapse of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, or both. Discrete abnormalities of the nasal airway, such as septal deformities, nasal polyps, and choanal atresia and with certain mucosal conditions such as sinusitis, allergic rhinitis and inferior turbinate hypertrophy can cause snoring or OSA. Thus, these sources of nasal obstruction should be corrected medically or surgically for the effective management of OSA and adjunctive for CPAP.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.62-89
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical nasal application of Herbal medicine compared with Western medicine in the treatment of Allergic Rhinitis(AR). Methods : Electronic databases including Cochrane library, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, KMBASE, KISS, NDSL, OASIS, KISS and KJTK(Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal) were searched by the keywords such as 'allergic rhinitis', 'nasal sprays', 'herbal medicine', 'plant extracts', and 'external application'. The quality of each RCTs was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration of 'Risk of bias(RoB) Tool'. Results : 19 RCTs were finally selected from 1419 references screened. 19 RCTs were compared with the effects of topical nasal application of Herbal medicine and Western medicine. Based on the symptom scores from 13 RCTs, topical nasal application of herbal medicine generally has a better effect on relief of AR. The two treatments have similar effects on improving the level of specific factors like IgE, IgG, IL-13, $uLTD_4$ in blood and urine. 8 RCTs showed adverse effects(AEs) in both groups and severe AEs were not reported. Conclusions : This study shows that topical nasal application of herbal medicine can improve symptoms and related factors of allergic rhinitis. Well-designed RCT studies with low risk of bias should be conducted to confirm these findings.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze studies about the effects of topical application of Chinese herbal medicine for allergic rhinitis within randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods The search database includes KJTK (Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal), OASIS (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated system), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), PubMed, and EMBASE. We used the following key search terms: "allergic rhinitis", "traditional Chinese medicine", "traditional Korean medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "randomized controlled trial", "clinical study", "nasal spray", and "nasal drop" Results Five studies were selected for analysis. Three studies used nasal spray of Chinese herbal medicine and two studies used nasal drops of Chinese herbal medicine for the intervention. Frequently used herbs were Magnoliae Flos (辛夷), Scutellariae Radix (黃芩), Coptidis Rhizoma (黃連), and Astragali Radix (黃芪). For the outcome measures, studies used symptom score, questionnaire of Quality of Life, nasal airway resistance, or laboratory studies. From all 5 studies, it has been shown that topical application of Chinese herbal medicine was effective for improving symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Two out of five studies showed statistical difference between study group and control group. Conclusions This study shows that topical application of Chinese herbal medicine can improve symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Well-designed RCT studies with low risk of bias and studies with outcome measures for assessing the immunomodulatory effects are necessary to confirm these findings.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2012

Purpose: Who may dare to state that optimal choice of treating nasal bone fracture is closed reduction? Few decades of authors' experience in nasal bone fracture has lead to believe that more active and assertive approach in nasal bone fracture by performing simultaneous lateral osteotomy may be applied in proper indications to acquire more accurate reduction and cosmetically satisfying result. Methods: From May 2008 to October 2009, among 241 nasal bone fracture patients, 20 patients underwent simultaneous lateral osteotomy with nasal bone fracture reduction. Followed by rigid septal correction, nasal cavity is packed to stabilize the fracture segment for safer osteotomy. Through intranasal incision, in selected cases of difficult reduction or for cosmetic purposes, various types of lateral osteotomy was performed corresponding to the fracture anatomy, conditions of the nasal cavity. Postoperative nasal packing was retained for one week and nasal dorsum splint for 3 weeks. Results: Lateral osteotomy was utilized for difficult cases of closed reduction, for correction of wide nose, hump and deviation in 9, 5, 2, and 4 cases, respectively. Patient satisfaction was scaled 90% in satisfaction and moderate in 10% (2 cases), complaining of mild nasal tip deviation. Physicians detected 2 cases of apparent deformity with patient recognition; one patient with mild step deformity at the osteotomy site and the other patient with minimal implant mobility. Conclusion: By accompanying profound understanding of the fracture anatomy, more active and assertive approach in nasal fracture reduction can be coincide with simultaneous lateral osteotomy to reduce the rate of secondary deformity and to obtain more cosmetically satisfying result.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.179-203
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• 1992

This study was designed to analyze nasal respiratory patency and its correlation with skeletal components in growing children with anterior crossbite. The subjects consisted of 40 control patients, 24 nose breathers with anterior crossbite and 18 mouth breathers with anterior crossbite. The mean age was 11.4 years in the control group, 10.1 years in nose breathing group and 9.5 years in mouth breathing group. The results were as follows, 1. In anterior cross bite group, and nasal respiratory airflow rates (N.R.A.R.) was significantly lower than that of control group regardless of nasal decongestants application. 2. The N.R.A.R. of mouth breathers with anterior crossbite in male group was significantly lower than that of mouth breathers, but increased to the level of control group after nasal decongestants application. But in female group, the N.R.A.R. was significantly lower in mouth breathing group at both conditions. 3. Mouth breathing group showed smaller anterior vertical nasal cavity height (ANS-ANS'), lower upper anterior facial height ratios (N-sp'/N-Me) and higher maxillary occlusal plane ratios (OL-ML/ML-NL) than those of nose breathing group with anterior crossibte. 4. Items showing nasal height (ANS-ANS', PNS-PNS'), anterior upper facial height (N-sp') was were strongly correlated with N.R.A.R. at 150 pascal in inspiration. But item showing maxillary occlusal plane ratios (OL-ML/ML-NS) was negatively correlated with N.R.A.R. at 150 pascal in inspiration. 5. There were forward tongue position in mouth breathing group, but it was not significantly correlated with N.R.A.R. at 150 pascal in inspiration.