• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to find out drug use pattern of narcotic analgesics in university hospitals in Korea. A university hospital located in Kyungbuk province was chosen for this study. The drug use pattern was analyzed in terms of ingredient, administration route, patient type, and attending department. Amount of drug usage was counted by unit dose defined by the number of ampule or vial for injectable, tablet or capsule for oral, and each for patch preparations. Result showed that 11 narcotic analgesic ingredients were used during 2007-2009, and the drug usage was increased by about 20% annually during the period. Proportion of oral preparations used for pain management was about two third of all narcotic analgesics usage and kept increasing during the period. Proportion of the drug usage for outpatients was also steadily increased. Notably, the usage of oral preparations of oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone was rapidly increased for the management of cancer pain while the usage of codeine and codeine-containing composite preparations for cancer pain were minimal (<10%). About 90% of all narcotic analgesics were used by physicians in Internal Department, especially in Oncology Division of the Department. These findings suggest that pain management is becoming more aggressive and in agreement with WHO's guidelines regarding selection of administration route. However, in terms of 3-step ladder for cancer pain management, the drug use pattern was not congruent to WHO's guidelines. Therefore, in conclusion, it appears that physicians need to try to be congruent to the guidelines when using narcotic analgesics for cancer pain.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 2023

Background: With the increasing use of narcotic analgesics, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety has been operating the National Narcotics Information Management System (NIMS) since 2018 in Korea. Some studies are related to the narcotic analgesics use, but the evaluation studies of system, including NIMS users are insufficient. Objective: This study evaluated the NIMS enforcement process through in-depth interviews on the experience of using NIMS of doctors and pharmacists who prescribe or dispense opioid analgesics. Methods: Participants in this study were selected through purposeful sampling as three doctors and two pharmacists in the metropolitan area. The interviews were conducted from August 27 to October 19, 2022. Each interview was analyzed using a phenomenological method. Results: Six components of this study included "Doctors and pharmacists come across drug abusers", "They respond individually to drug abusers", "They use NIMS tailored to the needs of system managers", "They are concerned about the role of NIMS in practice settings", "They face challenges against drug abusers" and "They find a way to utilize the system to deal with drug abusers." The interviews confirmed that doctors and pharmacists used NIMS little in their work, and they only reported data. Therefore, it might be difficult for doctors and pharmacists to take measures for the safe use of narcotic analgesics. Conclusion: It is likely that adding data-feedback and medication-check function can reduce the abuse of narcotic analgesics. In the future, further studies on the evaluation of the empirical results of NIMS and review of systems in other countries will be required.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.112-112
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• 2005

• Toxicological Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1989

Chronic adminstraction of morphine to adult male rats has long been known to lower hepatic cytochrome p-450 content and its dependent mixed-function oxidase activity. Following the treatment of adult male rats with morphine, pethidine pentazocine and codeine and also by concomitant adminstration of naloxone activities of microsomal electron transfer in the adult male rats were examined. In present study, the acute treatment of mature male rats with a dose of narcotic drugs higher than that used chronically also reduces their hepatic cytochrome p-450.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.92-102
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• 2022

This study suggests a variety of ways to prevent narcotic crimes, recurrence of such crimes, rehabilitation, and improve the public awareness of using the narcotics by adopting cultural contents, highlighting how dangerous, harmful and they are easily accessible, as well as the reality in Korea nowadays, where it cannot any longer be seen as a drug-free state. Precedent research, the actual case studies, and interviews followed by the "Musical Mission" explain that anyone can easily become a criminal or family to the criminals, and the adolescent is the age group that experience the most rapid increase in initiating such illicit drugs by using cultural content to help prevent and improve awareness among the public to expose the deadly effect of the substances. More efforts are required to remove the frame of criminals off the active drug users, as they are those who only need to be cared and are the same members of our society after all by demonstrating new ways to change such perspectives. I wish that it will become a social mandatory for those who produce the social contents to urge more support for the drug users through TV advertisements, dramas, movies, documentaries, and musicals etc.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2003

“Magmi” is a symbolic character of Korean association against drug abuse. “Magmi” is a word created by the sounds made by “mag eum yi” meaning one who stops drug and substance abuse. It will be played with CD at the worshop held on PHARMDAY. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1996.12a
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• pp.53-53
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.394.3-395
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• 2002

Dextromethorphan (Romilar. DEX) is a synthetic analogue of codeine. is not classified as a narcotic and is used only for its antitussive effects in Korea. The daily intake by adults range up to 120mg. Usually in the case of traffic accident. alcohol concentration of blood is analyzed in Korea. but drug tests (medicine, narcotic. alcohol) are submitted in Australia. In crimes of violence (2 examples), a traffic and a murder accident. drug testing in urine and blood was performed. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 2015

Objectives: To suggest direction for improving policies by understanding current management of narcotics or psychotropic drugs and analyzing their distributions and usage. Method: We conducted a comparison analysis between health insurance claims and the amount supplied to health care institutions for narcotics or psychotropic drugs through health insurance claims data and drug distribution supply data from 2010 to 2012 collected from Korea Pharmaceutical Information Service Center (KPIS). Furthermore, we carried out literature investigation and online search to comprehend the current management of narcotics drugs in Korea. Results: The amount supplied to medical institutions for all drugs in 2012 was 19.4 trillion won, which increased from 19.5 trillion in 2011 by 0.54%. For narcotic drugs, the amount supplied was 318.4 billion won in 2011 and increased to 335.1 billion won by 5.3% in 2012, which exceeded the rate of increase for the amount supplied for all drugs. The proportion of amount claimed in the total amount supplied to medical institutions for all drugs was 60.5% in 2012, whereas the proportion of amount claimed for narcotic drugs was 55.6%, which showed that narcotic drugs were used relatively less within health insurance. Furthermore, management of the current domestic distribution supply data focuses on manufacturing and medical institution supply stages. Conclusion: Hereafter, the management of narcotics or psychotropic drugs needs to be improved by reinforcing active monitoring in optimal prescription and usage in patients by collecting and analyzing information on drug usage of patients.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.81.1-81.1
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• 2003

Buprenorphine(BPN) is used to treat withdrawal syndromes in narcotic addictions. When narcotics are stopped, withdrawal syndromes such as pupil dilation and blood pressure increment are appeared. And BPN is often prescribed concomitantly with antihypertensives. We researched whether combined medicines of BPN and antihypertensives affected on the metabolism of BPN. After BPN was incubated with antihypertensives such as nifedipine, verapamil, captopril and propranolol in rat or human microsomes, amounts of BPN and its metabolite, norbuprenorphine (NBPN), were measured. (omitted)