• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.344-348
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• 2009

Dense $4.25Co_{0.53}Fe_{0.47}-Al_{2}O_{3}$ composite was simultaneously synthesized and consolidated by pulsed current activated combustion method within 2 min from mechanically activated powders. Consolidation was accomplished under the combined effects of a pulsed current and mechanical pressure. Dense $4.25Co_{0.53}Fe_{0.47}-Al_{2}O_{3}$ with relative density of up to 96% was produced under simultaneous application of 80 MPa pressure and the pulsed current. Fracture toughness and hardness of the composite are $6MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ and $570kg/mm^{2}$ respectively.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.655-659
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• 2019

Calcium phosphates such as HA (hydroxyapatite), β-TCP (tricalcium phosphate) and biphasic HA/β-TCP, were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation in aqueous solution combined with ball milling process. Nanosize powders of the calcium phosphates were synthesized using Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4. The effects of initial precursor Ca/P ratio (1.30, 1.50 and 1.67), ball milling process and post heat-treatment on the phase evolution behavior of the powders were investigated. The phase of resulting powder was controllable by adjusting the initial Ca/P ratio. HA was the only phase for as-prepared powders in both cases of Ca/P ratios of 1.50 and 1.67. The single HA phase without any noticeable second phase was obtained for the initial Ca/P ratio of 1.67 in the overall heat-treatment range. Pure β-TCP and biphasic calcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) were synthesized from precursor solutions having Ca/P molar ratios of 1.30 and 1.50, respectively, after having been heat-treated above 700 ℃. The β-TCP phase has appeared on the pre-existing DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate) and/or HA phase. Dense ceramics having translucency were obtained at a considerably lower sintering temperature. The modified process offered a fast, convenient and economical route for the synthesis of calcium phosphates.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.207-210
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• 2012

The preparation of $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ in Igepal CO-520/cyclohexane reverse micelle solutions has been studied. In the present work, we synthesized nanosized $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ powders by reverse micelle process using aqueous ammonia as the precipitant; hydroxide precursor was obtained from nitrate solutions dispersed in the nanosized aqueous domains of a micro emulsion consisting of cyclohexane as the oil phase, and poly (xoyethylene) nonylphenylether (Igepal CO-520) as the non-ionic surfactant. The synthesized and calcined powders were characterized by Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallite size was found to increase with increase in water to surfactant (R) molar ratio. Average particle size and distribution of the synthesized $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ were below 10 nm and narrow, respectively. TG-DTA analysis shows that phase of $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ nanoparticles changed from monoclinic to tetragonal at approximately $560^{\circ}C$. The phase of the synthesized $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ with heating to $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was tetragonal $CeO_2$. This study revealed that the particle formation process in reverse micelles is based on a two step model. The rapid first step is the complete reduction of the metal to the zero valence state. The second step is growth, via reagent exchanges between micelles through the inter-micellar exchange.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.61.1-61.1
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• 2010

$CuIn_{1-x}-GaxSe_2$ based materials with direct bandgap and high absorption coefficient are promising materials for high efficiency hetero-junction solar cells. CIGS champion cell efficiency(19.9%, AM1.5G) is very close to polycrystalline silicon(20.3%, AM1.5G). A reduction in the price of CIGS module is required for competing with well matured silicon technology. Price reduction can be achieved by decreasing the manufacturing cost and by increasing module efficiency. Manufacturing cost is mostly dominated by capital cost. Device properties of CIGS are strongly dependent on doping, defect chemistry and structure which in turn are dependent on growth conditions. The complex chemistry of CIGS is not fully understood to optimize and scale processes. Control of the absorber grain size, structural quality, texture, composition profile in the growth direction is important to achieving reliable device performance. In the present work, CIS nanoparticles were prepared by a simple wet chemical synthesis method and their structural and optical properties were investigated. XRD patterns of as-grown nanopowders indicate CIS(Cubic), $CuSe_2$(orthorhombic) and excess selenium. Further, as-grown and annealed nanopowders were characterized by HRTEM and ICP-OES. Grain growth of the nanopowders was followed as a function of temperature using HT-XRD with overpressure of selenium. It was found that significant grain growth occurred between $300-400^{\circ}C$ accompanied by formation of ${\beta}-Cu_{2-x}Se$ at high temperature($500^{\circ}C$) consistent with Cu-Se phase diagram. The result suggests that grain growth follows VLS mechanism which would be very useful for low temperature, high quality and economic processing of CIGS based solar cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.167-168
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• 2009

Phase pure barium magnesium tantalate $Ba(Mg_{1/3}Ta_{2/3})O_3$(BMT) nanopowders were synthesized at temperature as low as $220^{\circ}C$ through glycothermal reaction by using $Ba(OH)_2{\cdot}8H_2O$, $Mg(NO_3){\cdot}6H_2O$, and $TaCl_5$ as precursors and 1,4-butandiol as solvent. XRD, SEM, and TGA data support that glycothermal processing method provides a simple low temperature route for producing fine grained BMT nanopowders without alkaline mineralizers. BMT nanopowders synthesized at $220^{\circ}C$ showed more homogenous with rounded morphologies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2010

니켈 니켈 와이어를 증류수 및 에탄올 등의 유기용매 중에서 펄스파워 기술을 이용하여 전기적으로 폭발 시켰다. 폭발에 의하여 생성된 입자들은 직경이 수 마이크로미터 에서 수 십 나노미터에 이르는 넓은 입도분포를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 원심분리기술을 이용하여 입자의 크기별로 분리 회수가 가능함을 증명하였다. 또한 유기용매 중에서 제조된 니켈분말에 탄소가 포함되어 있으며, 열처리를 통하여 제거가 가능함을 실험을 통하여 밝혔다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.569-572
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• 2003

Titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) nanoparticles were prepared by the oxidation of titanium tetrachloride ($TiCl_4$) in a diffusion flame reactor. The average diameter of particles was 15 to 30 nm and mass fraction of anatase ranged from $40\;to\;80\%$. Effects of particle size and phase composition of those $TiO_2$ nanoparticles on photocatalytic properties such as decomposition of methylene blue and bacteria gas were investigated. The degree of decomposition of methylene blue by the $TiO_2$ nanoparticles under the illumination of the black light was directly proportional to the anantase mass fraction, but inversely to the particle size. The decomposition of bacteria by the $TiO_2$ nanoparticles under the illumination of the fluorescent light showed the same trend as in the case of the methylene blue.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.242-246
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• 2005

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by liquid phase reduction method from aqueous silver nitrate solution and borohybride as a reduction agent. The morphology, particle size and shape were influenced by the reaction conditions such as the concentration of $AgNO_3$, a reduction agent and addition of surfactant. The particle size decreased with decreasing the concentration of silver nitrate and using a borohydride. The obtained Ag particles showed the spherical shape with the range of 10-20 nm.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.831-841
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• 2010

Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopowders were synthesized by coprecipitation and the sol-gel method to prepare a stable dispersion of ITO nano-colloid for antistatic coating of a display panel. The colloidal dispersions were prepared by attrition process with a vibratory milling apparatus using a suitable dispersant in organic solvent. The ITO coating solution was spin-coated on a glass panel followed by the deposition of partially hydrolyzed alkyl silicate as an over-coat layer. The double-layered coating films were characterized by measuring the sheet resistance and reflectance spectrum for antistatic and antireflective properties.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.200-204
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• 2008

Mechano Chemical Process (MCP) skips the calcinations steps at an intermediate temperature that is always required in the conventional solid-state reaction because forming phase from raw powder is activated by mechanical energy. In this study, we prepared (Pb, La)$TiO_3$ nanopowder with perovskite structure by only high energy MCP. Especially, the PLT nanopowder was synthesized without any thermal treatment using oxides, not salts as raw powder. This process is also very simple due to dry milling method, unnecessary to dry of powder. The oxide powder was milled up to 12 hr at intervals of an hour using MCP and the pure PLT phase of perovskite structure was formed after milling time of 3 hr. And the average particle size was 20 nm with narrow distribution after milling time of 3 hr from raw powder of several $\mu m$ with inhomogeneous distribution.