• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

This study was carried out in the Bukhan River in the summer of 2014 and 2015, to identify the relationship between geosmin and the morphological changes in Anabaena. Identification of Anabaena was conducted using morphological and molecular analyses. Anabaena in this study was similar to Anabaena circinalis, A. crass, and A. spiroides with regard to regular coils, vegetative cell, akinete shape, and size, hoever, it was distinguishabl from A. crass and A. spiroides because of its larger trichome coil size. Additionally, the sequences of phycocyanin (PC) gene from Anabaena showed a 99% genetic similarity with A. circinalis NIES-1647 strain. The coil diameter of trichome ranged from 106 to $899{\mu}m$, and the diameter and abundance showed an insignificant positive correlation (r=0.544, p<0.05). The result of relationship between the coil diameter and the cell number per 360-degree rotation was kept at $33.8{\pm}5.2$ cells per $100{\mu}m$ diameter despite variable diameter. The average geosmin concentrations in 2014 and 2015 were investigated to be 99 ng/L and 35 ng/L, respectively. A. circinalis cell density contributed considerably to the change in geosmin and was positively correlated with geosmin concentration (2014; r=0.599, p<0.01, 2015; r=0.559, p<0.01). Our results suggest that geosmin and coil diameter could be estimated with the help of cell density.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.583-596
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• 2016

Since the 1970s, advanced industrial economies have been suffering from rapid de-industrialization. While the impacts were more serious in the areas specialized in heavy industries, these old industrial areas are struggling with problems of high unemployment, environmental contamination and destruction of urban landscape. To tackle such problems and rebuild urban economies, some authors, such as Richard Florida and Charles Lanrdry, have suggested a new economy centered on "creativity." Adopting this suggestion, many countries have been attempting to create creative cities. Authors of this paper individually conducted a case study research on a few selected cities of England, France, Australia, Japan and Korea. This paper synthesizes the results of such research to compare and analyse the processes and mechanisms contributed to developing the creative cities in each country and draw theoretical and policy implications from the individual research.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.194-201
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• 2009

The e1ectrocatalytic properties of heteropolyacids(HPAs) entrapped in covalently cross-linked sulfonated polyetheretherketone(CL-SPEEK/HPA) membranes have been studied for water electrolysis. The HPAs, including tungstophosphoric acid(TPA), molybdophosphoric acid(MoPA), and tungstosilicic acid(TSiA) were used as additives in the composite membranes. The MEA was prepared by a non-equilibrium impregnation-reduction(I-R) method, using reducing agent, sodium borohydride(NaBH4) and tetraamineplatinum(II) chloride(pt(NH$_3$)$_4$Cl$_2$). The electrocatalytic properties of composite membranes such as the cell voltage were in the order of magnitude CL-SPEEKlMoPA40 (wt%) > /TPA30 > /TSiA40. In the optimum cell applications for water electrolysis, the cell voltage of PtlPEM/Pt-Ru MEA with CL-SPEEKlTPA30 membrane was 1.75 V at 80$^{\circ}$C and I A/cm$^2$ and this voltage carried lower than that of 1.81 V of Nafion 117. Consequently, in regards of electrochemical and mechanical characteristics and oxidation durability, the newly developed CL-SPEEKITPA30 composite membrane exhibited a better performance than the others, but CLSPEEKlMoPA40 showed the best electrocatalytic activity (1.71 Vat 80$^{\circ}$C and 1 A/cm$^2$) among the composite membranes.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.80-87
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• 2003

Recent construction projects, characterized by its complication and high-tech, requites highly efficient management efforts. Among others, labor management is very important due to various trades and increasing number of activities. Along with advanced information technology, Web-based construction site management systems are widely adopted in order to improve the efficiency of construction management. However, such information systems have mainly 2 (two) shortcomings. One is that the existing systems were developed and implemented not in subcontractor-centered way but in main contractor-centered way, though the daily construction information is mainly generated, gathered and reported by subcontractors. As a result, subcontractors seldom have access to such information systems. The other is that loss or omission of information may uclw during the information processing process, in which subcontractors have no direct access to such information system. This becomes a major reason of losing the reliability of the information in daily construction report. As a solution for these problems, this paper suggests a Web-based information system that is subcontractor-oriented and also suitable for tact schedule management.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.345-361
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• 2019

This study demonstrates the application of hyperspectral analysis as a pigment identification method for modern and contemporary Dancheong, the polychrome surface on traditional Korean wooden buildings. In particular, green pigments are the focus of this study. Green pigments in modern and contemporary Dancheong have the largest variation of materials and show a noticeable timeline. Thus, they are most suitable for estimating the manufacture or restoration period of Dancheong. Hyperspectral analysis is a noncontact, long-distance measurement technique that has advantages in the field of Dancheong analysis. It is capable of identifying both organic and inorganic pigments, unlike existing analysis methods. For this experiment, green and other pigments used during the modern and contemporary era were selected and made into painted samples under various mixing conditions that reflect their actual uses. Through hyperspectral analysis, their reflectance characteristics were observed, which enables the derivation of four main features that can distinguish the type of pigments used for color mixture. Based on these, a pigment identification system was designed in the form of a flowchart, and its utility was confirmed through site application. Despite some limitations at this stage, the technique can be complemented by considering proper measurement methods or the continuous accumulation of samples and data. If a database on various materials, mixing ratios, painting techniques, and other external interference factors is developed in future research, it would provide the foundation for a faster and safer analysis environment of Dancheong sites.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.290-294
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• 2011

The surface resistance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS), which has appeared to be one of the most successful conductive polymers, is affected by the solvent. In this paper, pellet-type PEDOT/PSS was suspended in $H_2O$, ethanol (EtOH), ethylene glycol (EG) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and coated on PET film. The surface resistances of the films made from EG or DMSO suspension were observed to be lower, nearly by 2 orders of magnitude, than that made from $H_2O$ suspension. No significant difference among four kinds of films was observed when the thermal properties and chemical structures were investigated by TGA and XPS, respectively. However, particle size of PEDOT/PSS was in the range of $1-3{\mu}m$ in EG or DMSO, on the other hand, less than $0.1{\mu}m$ in $H_2O$. It is considered that the particle size of PEDOT/PSS in the suspension plays an important role for the surface resistance.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.820-829
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• 2003

One of the important function of skin is the protection from harmful environments. Many studies were carried out to keep the skin from wrinkling and pigmenting. Skin wrinkle and pigmentation could be caused' by the unusual disruption of connective tissue, the formation of free radicals and the radiation of ultraviolet. In this study, the extracts obtained from 23 different kinds of medicinal plants were examined whether they have inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and elastase as well as free radical scavenging effect. All the extracts examined were obtained by using 70% (v/v) ethanol at $60^{\circ}C$. It has been found that there were two medicinal plants which have positive effects matching with the purpose of this study. The extract of Ephedra sinica stapf shows an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase ($IC_{50}$ = 83.7~$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), on elastase ($IC_{50}$ = $690{\mu}\textrm{g}$/ml), and also shows free radical scavenging effect ($IC_{50}$ = 29.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). The extract of Betula platyphylla Var. shows an inhibitory effect on elastase ($IC_{50}$ = 498.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), and free radical scavenging effect ($IC_{50}$ = 9$\mu\textrm{g}$/ ml). The aim of the study is to find the natural compounds which have function in skin-lightening, anti-wrinkling and anti-oxidation, with safe and active ingredients in cosmetic.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.12C
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• pp.1208-1215
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that creates three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic video from two-dimensional (2D) video encoded by H.264 instead of using the conventional stereo-camera process. Motion information of each frame can be obtained by the given motion vectors in most of videos encoded by MPEG standards. Especially, we have accurate motion vectors for H.264 streams because of the availability of a variety of block sizes. 2D/3D video conversion algorithm proposed in this paper can create the left and right images that correspond to the original image by using cut detection method, delay factors, motion types, and image types. We usually have consistent motion type na direction in a given cut because each frame in the same cut has high correlation. We show the improved performance of the proposed algorithm through experimental results.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.497-503
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• 1996

In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources and pH on pullulan production were investigated. As a result, the best nitrogen source in pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans was shown to be peptone and its product yield was 62%. Optimum concentration of carbon/nitrogen source ratio was 50/0.15 and the production of pullulan was inhibited at ratios higher than 50/0.15. Aureobasidium pullulans had produced 29.1, 27.4 and 26.5 g/L pullulan, respectively in media I, II, and III containing mixed nitrogen sources. This result showed that pullulan could be produced efficiently from mixed nitrogen source. It was found that pullulan yield with pH control was higher than that with no pH control. In fedbatch fermentation, pullulan yield obtained with a feeding rate of 0.05 N-g/L for nitrogen source was higher than that without nitrogen source feeding.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.89-100
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• 2008

This article aims to research and analyze expressional characteristics of media art in Hussein Chalayan's fashion works. Media technology has made rapid progress over every society, in which it enables multi-dimensional communication. Under this social background, media art can use a multiplicity of technologies and go public. Media art had great influences in fashion with the leading designer as Hussein Chalayan. His works has been selected from the 90s up until 2008 focusing on expressional characteristics of media art by a professional group of fashion design. By classifying and analyzing of Hussein Chalayan's fashion works, expressional characteristics of media art displayed from works of the late 90s, and in recent years, the use of various technologies has increased. Expressional characteristics of media art in his works have been re-classified as interactivity, transfonnation, visualization, and transparency. First, interactivity by the wearer's action and emotional change is effective on emotional express, body protection and the causing of interest. Second, transfonnation by the wearer's action, functioning, and emotional change is influenced by convenience, body protection, and causing concern. Third, immateriality in media art is divided into visualization and transparency, and in fashion structural and material characteristics. Visualization by internal luminous source and digital images influences immersion and expression on fantasy images. Fourth, transparency by immaterial characteristics and piled up images affects openness and camouflage. Development of material and technology paves the way for expressional characteristics of media art in fashion. The trend of Hussein Chalayan's works moves towards emotional high-tech design with technology.