• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2008

The ovomucoid (OM) of egg whites is recognized as a major allergen. Here, the allergenicity of OM in egg whites (EW) treated by chemical, enzymatic, and physiological methods were investigated by competitive inhibitory ELISA using human IgE antibody acquired from egg-allergic patients. Enzymatic hydrolysis, irradiation, and succinic anhydride treatments did not reduce the allergenicity of the OM effectively. Allergenicity was reduced to only 1/20 by deglycosylation with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS). Heat treatment of the OM at $121^{\circ}C$ for 10 min reduced allergenicity to 1/100. Furthermore, NaOH (over 3%) treatment reduced allergenicity to 1/10,000, and the combinatory treatment of NaOH (over 0.3%) and heat ($70^{\circ}C$, 15 min) reduced it to less than 1/10,000, which was the most effective method. In this study, which analyzed treated EW using ELISA and patient-derived IgE, the OM allergenicity was nearly the same as its antigenicity according to ELISA using rabbit IgG. However, in the case of the TFMS-treated EW, the antigenicity was much lower than the allergenicity. These results suggest that the allergenicity of OM is slightly different from its antigenicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 1994

Relationships between surface structure and adsorption properties of smoke components were investigated in surface-modified and un-modified activated carbon filter cigarettes. Commercially available activated carbon was treated with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, and their pore volume, surface structure, BET surface area, pore type and size were studied. BET surface area and pore volume were decreased by nitric acid treatment, but median pore diameter was 8.1 $\AA$, which showed better development of pore compared with that of un-modified activated carbon, 6.9 $\AA$. In case of hydrogen peroxide treatment, BET surface area and pore volume were increased. Their pore was found to be a slit type based on V-t plot analysis. Neutralization capacities for bases of different strength (NaHCO3, Na2CO3, NaOEt and NaOH) showed that the majority of the acidic surface groups are of weak acidity. Modification of the activated carbon surface led to a slight change in adsorption properties when analyzing the smoke of triple-filter cigarette with surface-modified activated carbon.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.6-14
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• 1991

To develop an one-bath process for weight-reduction and mercerization of polyester/cotton fabric, concentrated NaOH solution was padded and steam-treated at high temperature. Following results which can be used commercially are obtained. (1) Steaming temperature of 110-12$0^{\circ}C$ is most efficient. (2) Optimum concentration of NaOH solution is 15-20%. (3) Most favorable weight-reduction is 20% in the aspect of fabric handle, and under this treating condition, dye exhaustion onto the mercerized cotton fiber is also increased to 40% or more. From above results, we believe that the economical and concurrent weight-reduction and mercerzation of polyester/cotton fabric can be realized. Moreover, with continuous treatment by pad-steam procedure, it is expected that this is, also, advantageous for the improvement of fabric quality and productivity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1995

Some weight loss accelerating agents, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride(DTAC), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(DTAB), dodecyldimethylammonium chloride(DDBAC), polyoxyethylene(2) dodecylbenzylammonium chloride(PDBAC), and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-benzyl-2-undecylimidazolinium chloride(AEUIC), were synthesized. As a result of weight loss treatment of the weight loss accelerating agents with NaOH to PET fiber, the increase of weight loss was the order of PDBAC > DDBAC > DTAC > DTAB > AEUIC. Among the weight loss accelerating agents, AEUIC hardly showed weight loss effect, and it was separated into two layer in the NaOH solution at the treatment concentration above 6g/L, but POBAC showed good weight loss effect of 21% that approach almost to a theoretical weight loss, 21.6%, at the concentration above 8g/L.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제3권
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• pp.70-78
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to find out effects of several chemicals treatment for cocoon sericin. and there was several results of use to control the solubility of cocoon sericin in water. The results obtained was summarized as follows ; The chemicals which showed the strongest accelerating power on the solubility of cocoon sericin in water was sodium peroxide ($Na_2O_2$), the second was sodium carbonate ($Na_2CO_3$), the third was sodium sulfite ($Na_2SO_3$), the weakest was ammonia water ($NH_4OH$) in order among noticed silk-reeling accelerators. The chemicals which showed the inhibiting power on the solubility of cocoon sericin in water was tannic acid ($C_{14}H_{10}O_9$), the second was stannic acid ($Sn(OH)_4$), the third was formic acid (HCOOH) and the weakest was methyl alcohol ($CH_3OH$) in order among noticed silk-reeling inhibitors. Particulary stannic acid and formic acid showed accelerating power on the solubility of cocoon sericin at high temperature over 100 degrees of celsius thermometer in water Methyl alcohol did not show the inhibiting power on the solubility of cocoon sericin in low concentration. (at 1,500-2,000 times)

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

Efficient extraction of total proteins from soil microorganisms is tedious because of small quantity. In this regard, an improved method for extraction of whole cell proteins is developed from soil microorganisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. of which the cell wall are very strong. Pretreatment with NH4OH prior to the final extraction using NaOH/SDS was tried under the basis that ammonium ion was possible to enhance the permeability and/or to weaken the yeast cell walls. The pre-treatment of yeast cells with NH4OH drastically enhanced the protein extraction when it was compared with control (without NH4OH pre-treatment). At the pre-treatment of 0.04 N NH4OH at pH 9.0, about 3 fold of proteins was obtained from p. pastoris. Ammonium hydroxide appears to penetrate into the yeast cell walls more readily at basic pH. The effect of NH4OH pretreatment was pH dependent. The methods developed in this experiment might be applicable for an effective extraction of yeast proteins for the purpose of biochemical studies, especially proteomic analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.157-168
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• 1985

To investigate nutritive values of a feed fermented with basidiomycetes, among the isolated strains, Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.) Sing. was found with the greatest enzyme productivity and rapid mycelial growth in rice straw medium. Optimum temperature, pH and moisture content for mycelial growth and enzyme production of the strain were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C,\;pH\;4.0{\sim}7.0\;and\;70{\sim}75\;%$, respectively. Fifteen days of culture were required for the highest enzyme productivity. Among the sub-materials added, $30{\sim}40\;%$ of rice bran and $10{\sim}20\;%$ of defatted perilla seeds were effective for the enzyme production, but caused a reduced mycelial growth. The greatest effect of an addition of inorganic salts was obtained with $0.36{\sim}0.72\;%\;of\;(NH_4)_2HPO_4$. When 40 mesh or smaller rice straw and steam treatment at $0.5\;kg/cm^2$ were used, the mycelial growth decreased, whereas the enzyme production increased. The mycelial growth and enzyme production increased when $Ca(OH)_2$ was used as the alkali treatment, but decreased with increasing concentration of NaOH. As the fermentation proceeded, the amounts of ash, reducing sugar and total nitrogen increased, but cellulose, lignin and pentosan decreased. When the rice straw was treated with alkali, the amounts of ash, total nitrogen and lignin decreased, but reducing sugar and cellulose increased. At higher NaOH concentration, the variation become greater. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of the products increased from 55.03 % at the beginning of the fermentation to 62.72 % at 45 days after fermentation. The most effective alkali treatment on the digestibility of rice straw was KOH followed by NaOH. However, the digestibility increased with increasing concentration of NaOH. The digestibility of pretreated with alkali increased after fermentation as well.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1992

Through the low-temperature(60-150${\circ}C$) hydrothermal treatment of perlite with the alkaline solution at various NaOH concentrations, the mode of volcanic glass alteration and resultant zeolite formation were investigated in a closed system. At a temperature of 80${\circ}C$ and alkalinities of pH range 8 to 12, corresponding to the natural environments of diagenetic zeolite formation, only weak dissolution of perlitic glass occurs without zeolite formation despite the residence time of 100 days. Activities of Si and Al increase progressively, as a consequence of increasing pH, whereas activity ratios of Si/Al decrease. Zeolites were synthesized from perlite in the alkaline solution at above 0.1M NaOH concentrations. Below the temperature of 100${\circ}C$ Na-P was mainly formed, whereas analcime was the dominant zeolite at the temperature range of 100-150${\circ}C$. During Na-P synthesis chabazite and Na-X were also formed as by-products in case of lower proportion of solution/sample(<10ml/g) and higher NaOH concentraion (>3M), respectively. The alteration modes of perlite in the zeolite synthesis reflect that the formation of synthetic zeolites occurs as an incongruent dissolution likely with the diagenetic formation of natural zeolites from volcanic glass. Considering much difference in reaction kinetics between natural and synthetic systems, however, the evaluated synthetic conditions in these experiments were not directly applicable to the natural diagenetic system.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.207-219
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• 2014

Fouling is one of the critical factors associated with the application of membrane technology in treating palm oil mill effluent (POME), due to the presence of high concentration of solid organic matter, oil, and grease. In order to overcome this, chemical cleaning is needed to enhance the effectiveness of membranes for filtration. The potential use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium chloride (NaCl), hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and ultrapure water (UPW) as cleaning agents have been investigated in this study. It was found that sodium hydroxide is the most powerful cleaning agent, the optimum conditions that apply are as follows: 3% for the concentration of NaOH, $45^{\circ}C$ for temperature solution, 5 bar operating pressure, and solution pH 11.64. Overall, flux recovery reached 99.5%. SEM images demonstrated that the membrane surface after cleaning demonstrated similar performance to fresh membranes. This is indicative of the fact that NaOH solution is capable of removing almost all of the foulants from PES membranes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1998

We investigated the effects of a long term application of soil amendments such as lime, silicate, compost, or combinations of these materials on the contents of Cu and Zn in paddy soil and brown rice. The results obtained from a sequential extraction of Cu and Zn in paddy soils and brown rice, using $H_2O$, $KNO_3$, $Na_2$-EDTA and $HNO_3$ and showed that the most of Cu and Zn were NaOH-extractable (organically bound form) and $HNO_3$-extractable (sulfide and residual form). Cu contents of NaOH and EDTA extractable increased with the long term application of compost while the contents of Zn extracted by $KNO_3$ was decreased even though $HNO_3$ extractable-Zn was prominent chemical form in paddy soils. The percentage and contents of Zn, extracted by $KNO_3$ for each combination treatment of soil amendments, was decreased but the contents of Cu was not affected. The content of NaOH extractable-Cu was proportionally increased with increase in organic matter content irrespective of the extractants used in this experiment. The contents of Zn and exchangeable K were also increased with increase in organic matter content. However, we could not find any relationship between the extractable forms of Cu and Zn, and CEC, OM. while increase in CEC, contents of cations, and organic matter decreased the content of Cu in brown rice.