• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.259-263
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• 1997

In the preparation of acyclic thymidine nucleoside analogues, $K_2CO_3$(or NaH) treated thymine in DMSO was alkylated with .omega.-chloroalkyl nitrite (Cl-(CH_2)n-CN; n=1, 2, 3, 4) to provide an isomeric mixture of 1-(${\omega}$-cyanoalkyl)thymine (2a-d) and 1,3-bis(${\omega}$-cyanoalkyl)thymine in approximately 5:1 ratios. Reduction of the cyano function 2a-d with $NaBH_{4}/CoCl_{2}$ center dot$ 6H_{2}O$gave the corresponding 1-(${\omega}$aminoalkyl)thymine (3a-d). The newly formed primary amino function in 3a-d was directly reacted with 2-chloroethylisocyanate to afford the 1-[.omega.($N^{I}$-2-chloroethylureido) alkyl]thymine (4a-d) in good yields. Nitrosation of 1-[5-($ N^{I}-2$-chloroethylureido)pentyl] thymine (4d) with glacial acetic acid and dry $NaNO_{2}$-powder in anhydrous $CH_{2}Cl_{2}$gave two types of regioisomeric nitrosoureas, 1-[5-($N^{I}$--chloroethyl-$N^{I}$--nitrosoureido)pentylithymine (5d) and 1-[5-($N^{I}-2$-chloroethyl-N-nitrosoureido)pentyllthymine in approximately 5 :1 ratios. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds (2a-d, 3a-d, 4a-d and 5a-d) against three cell lines (K-562, P-388 and FM-3A) are measured as $IC^{50}$ values. Compounds 3b and 4c showed moderate activities against all three cell lines, and all other compounds were found to be not active.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

Super-resolution near-field structure (super-RENS) technology and solid immersion lens (SIL) based near-field (NF) technology have been expected as promising approaches to increase data capacity or areal density of optical disc. Super-RENS technology has been studied until now using mainly numerical aperture (NA) of 0.85 far-field optical system and possibility of tangential data density increment have been presented. NF technology has been studied with NA over 1 and presented demonstration of removable performance. To achieve much higher density, approach to increase NA of super-RENS by NF technology (Near-Field Super-Resolution, NFSR) can be a candidate and we think this technology would be advantageous compared to wavelength reduction or much higher NA increment of NF technology or much smaller effective optical spot size reduction of far-field super-resolution technology. In this paper we present readout result of ROM media having monotone pits using NF optical system with wavelength of 405nm and NA of 1.84 surface type SIL. GeSbTe material was used for super resolution active layer and pit length is 37.5nm which is shorter than resolution limit 55nm. We present the feasibility of NFSR technology by confirming the CNR threshold according to readout power (Pr) and CNR 33dB over threshold Pr.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2016

기장의(Panicum miliaceum L.)의 간척지 재배가능성을 확인하기 위해 토양염농도에 따른 기장의 생육 및 개체내 무기영양분의 변이를 새만금 간척지의 대표토양인 문포통토양(미양질)을 이용하여 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 토양염농도 증가시 생육감소정도는 종실> 뿌리건물중> 줄기건물중> 간장> 분얼수> 줄기두께> 이삭길이 순을 나타냈다. 종실 결실량은 Control 토양에서 재배된 개체에 비해 토양염농도 $1.6dS\;m^{-1}$에서 재배된 개체의 결실량이 18.9%가 감소되었고 $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$에서는 46.9%, $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$에서는 87.9%가 감소되었다. 뿌리건물중은 토양염농도 $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$에서는 35.8%가 감소되었으며, $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$에서는 60.5% 감소되었다. 식물체 부위별 무기양분 함량은, T-N은 염농도가 증가됐을 때 지상부와 뿌리 종실 모두에서 함량이 증가되었으나 양이온 중 CaO, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, MgO는 재배토양의 염농도에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. $Na_2O$ 축적량은 뿌리>지상부>종실 순으로 높았으며, 뿌리의 경우 토양염농도 $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$에서 재배된 $Na_2O$함량은 1.02%까지 높아졌다. 종실의 $Na_2O$ 함량은 $1.6dS\;m^{-1}$까지는 Control ($0.8dS\;m^{-1}$)에서 재배된 것과 비슷했다. 이 시험이 결과 경제성을 고려한 기장 재배한계 염농도는 $1.6dS\;m^{-1}$ 내외로 생각되며, 간척지 토양에서 생산된 종실도 식용이 가능함을 제시하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.687-694
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• 1995

Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. HJ-12 producing $\beta $-1, 4-D-arabinogalactanase was isolated from soil in the alkalic condition, pH 10.0. $\beta $-1, 4-D-arabinogalactanase was maximaly produced in the medium consisting of 2% soybean arabinogalactan (SAG), 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% polypeptone, 0.5% NaCl, 0.1% K$_{2}$HPO$_{4}$, 0.02% MgSO$_{4}$$\cdot $7H$_{2}$O, 0.1% Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}$ under the aerobic condition (pH 8.2). $\beta $-1, 4-D-arabinogalactanase is inducible enzyme so that its activity has been increased 10 fold in the SAG medium than in the glucose medium. Through the ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE- Sephadex A-50 ion chromatography, and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography procedures, this enzyme was purified with a single protein of 11% vield and 110 fold's purity. $\beta $-1, 4-D-arabinogalactanase is endo type enzyme producing ollgosaccharide from SAG.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.312-320
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Type D Scale-14 (DS14). Methods: The participants were 288 patients who were diagnosed with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. DS14 was developed by Denollet(2005) and consists of two domains, 7 items on negative affectivity (NA) and 7 items on social inhibition (SI). The Korean version of DS14 was developed through translation-reversed translation and a preliminary test. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Cronbach $\alpha$ and Guttman split-half were used to test reliability and item analysis and factor analysis for validity. The SPSS program was used. Results: 35.8% of the participants were classified as Type D. Mean score for NA was 16.80 and for SI, 14.10 in Type D participants. For reliability of NA, Cronbach $\alpha$=0.771, and for SI, 0.707. Factor analysis on 12 items(numbers 1 & 3 were excluded as the corrected item-total correlations were below r=0.3) yielded two factors for NA (6 items) and SI (6 items). Number 7 in the NA domain was sorted into the SI domain. Conclusion: The results indicate, the cultural differences were between Europeans and Koreans. Repetition of the research is needed for generalization of DS14.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.47.2-47.2
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• 2014

Several studies have reported the presence of sodium excess objects having neutral atomic absorption lines at $5895{\AA}$ (NaD) and $8190{\AA}$ that are deeper than expected based on stellar population models that match the stellar continuum. The origin of these lines is therefore hotly debated. van Dokkum & Conroy proposed that low-mass stars (0.3M) are more prevalent in massive early-type galaxies, which may lead to a strong NaI 8190 line strength. It is necessary to test this prediction, however, against other prominent optical line indices such as NaD, Mgb, and Fe5270, which can be measured with a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio than NaI 8190. We identified a new sample of roughly one thousand NaD excess objects (NEOs; ~8% of galaxies in the sample) based on NaD line strength in the redshift range 0.00$H{\beta}$ line strengths and significant emission lines, which are indicative of the presence of young stellar populations. This result implies that the presence of the interstellar medium and/or dust contributes to the increase in NaD line strengths observed for these galaxies.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 다중모드 간섭이론(MMI : multimode interference)을 $Ag^+-Na^+$ 이온교환 방식에 적용하여 BK7 유리에 1${\times}$2, 1${\times}$4, 1${\times}$8 MMI 광파워 분리기를 설계 제작하였다. 소자를 제작하기 전에 채널형 도파로의 굴절률 분포와 MMI 광파워 분리기의 다중모드 영역의 폭과 다중모드 영역의 길이를 결정하였다. 다중모드 영역의 길이는 1${\times}$2 MMI : 887${\mu}m$, 1${\times}$4 MMI: 1666${\times}$, 1${\times}$8 MMI : 1834${\mu}m$이고, 다중모드 영역의 폭은 1${\times}$2 MMI : 40${\mu}m$, 1${\times}$4 MMI : 80${\mu}m$, 1${\times}$8 MMI : 120${\mu}m$였다. 제작된 소자들은 1.50~1.58${\mu}m$파장 범위 내에서 1${\times}$2 MMI의 경우 1.4dB, 1${\times}$4 MMI의 경우 1.7dB, 1${\times}$8 MMI의 경우 약 2dB의 광파워 불균형비를, 그리고 손실은 1${\times}$2 MMI의 경우 0.96[dB}, 1${\times}$4 MMI의 경우 2.29[dB], 1${\times}$8 MMI의 경우 1.67[dB]였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1035-1042
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• 2002

본 연구는 나트륨 섭취수준이 혈중 지질과 혈당에 미치는 영향을 규명해보기 위하여 정상 성인 여성 20명을 대상으로 고나트륨식과 저나트륨식을 각각 6일씩 공급한 후 혈중 지질, 혈당 및 기타 혈액성상의 변화를 비교분석하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 연구대상자들의 평균연령은 22.9$\pm$2.5세였으며 평균 체중과 신장은 54.7$\pm$6.6kg과 160.0$\pm$4.8cm였고 수축기/이완기 혈압은 110.3$\pm$7.7/67.5$\pm$9.7 mm Hg로 정상범위에 속하였다. 나트륨 섭치수준에 따른 평균 체중의 변화는 고나트륨식이 54.7$\pm$6.4 kg으로 저나트륨식의 53.8$\pm$6.2 kg보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 평균 신장은 고나트륨식과 저나트륨식간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 이완기혈압은 고나트륨식(65.5$\pm$8.3 mmHg)보다 저나트륨식(60.8$\pm$8.6 mmHg) 이후 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 혈청 콜레스테롤,LDL-콜레스테롤,HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 나트륨 섭취 수준에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 중성지질은 고나트륨식의 89.4$\pm$27.3 mg/dL보다 저나트륨식이시 73.8$\pm$12.5mg/dL로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 혈청 아포 A-I은 고나트륨식의 183.7$\pm$32.7 mg/dL보다 저나트륨식에서 167.5$\pm$22.8 mg/dL로 유의적으로 감소하였으나(p<0.001), 아포 B는 고나트륨식의 83.3$\pm$13.9 mg/dL보다 저나트륨식에서 90.8$\pm$12.9 mg/dL로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.001). 아포 A-I/B는 저나트륨식이 1.9$\pm$0.2로 2.2$\pm$0.3을 보인 고나트륨식보다 유의하게 낮았으나(p<0.001),AI(atherogenic index)는 나트륨 섭취수준에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다 혈액 응고시간으로 thrombin time과 Prothrombin time은 저나트륨식이 각각 9.6$\pm$1.1초, 11.6$\pm$0.7초로 나타나 고나트륨식의 11.3$\pm$1.3초, 12.0$\pm$0.4초보다 유의하게 빠른 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001, p<0.05). 나트륨 섭취수준에 따른 혈당 농도는 고나트륨식과 저나트륨식 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 인슐린 함량은 저나트륨식이 10.3$\pm$5.0 $\mu$IU/mL로 고나트륨식의 6.0$\pm$2.6$\mu$IU/mL보다 유의하게 높았다.(P<0.01). 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 저나트륨식에서 이완기 혈압, 혈청 중성지질, 아포A-1, 혈액 응고시간은 감소되었으나, 혈청 아포 B와 인슐린함량은 유의하게 증가되어 지속적인 저나트륨식 처방시 지질과 당질대사의 변화를 초래할 가능성이 있는 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 혈압 저하를 목적으로 하는 나트륨 제한식의 실시는 다양한 체내의 생화학적 변화를 고려해서 이루어져야 할 것이며, 앞으로 이에 대한 보다 다각적인 연구가 요구된다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the relationships among type D personality, self-efficacy, health promoting behaviors and mediating effects, as well as type D personality and health promoting behaviors of college students. Methods: From 10 May to 24 May 2013, a convenience sample of 223 subjects was recruited from a college in G city. Data analysis consisted of Pearson's correlation coefficient, followed by regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of type D personality was 21.4%. Type D individuals showed lower self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships than non-type D individuals. Type D personality (NA*SI) had signigicant negative correlations with self-efficacy and HPLP-II. Self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between type D personality(NA*SI) and HPLP-II. Conclusion: One reason why type D individuals have maladaptive health behaviors is low self-efficacy.

• 천문학회보
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• 제19권
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• pp.20.1-20.1
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• 1994