• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1131-1136
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• 2003

To examine whether salt stress would alter or not contractility of isolated rat aorta, under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital(50 mg kg-1 i.p.), male Sprague Dawley rats(300-330 g) were subjected to 0, 50, and 150 mM of sodium chloride at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. where as the sham group was left at modified Krebs-bicarbonate solution. To measure contractile response of vascular ring preparation isolated from rat was determined in organ bath and was recorded on physiograph connected to isometric transducer. And the strip was checked for expression of heat shock protein(Hsp) by Western blotting. One, three and eight hours later, we measured vascular contractility of isolated rat aorta treated with KCI, phenylephrine from organ bath study. The dose-vascular responses of potassium chloride and phenylephrine showed a little augmentation by NaCl concentration in the strips exposed to NaCl for 8 hours. And the response of relaxation induced by nitroprusside and acetylcholine was not influenced by NaCl stress in isolated aorta ring for 8 hours, respectively. Expression pattern of Hsp 70 of vascular muscle in isolated rat aorta showed a little increase in 150 mM NaCl group at 8 hours after NaCl treatment but not at 3 hours, and Hsp 60 expression of rat aorta was markedly increased in 50 mM NaCl group at 8 hours after NaCl treatment. Taken together, NaCl induced dose-and time dependent accumulation of the Hsp but not affected contraction of rat aorta. These data suggest that short term high salt stress was not sufficient to induce hypertension of rat aorta.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.277-280
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• 2002

무 유식물에서 acid phosphatase의 활성은 산성인 pH 5.5에서 최대치를 보였다. 0.5 mM ABA처리로 acid phosphatase의 활성이 대조구보다는 오래 지속되였고, 0.5 mM NaCl 처리시 도 acid phosphatase 활성의 변화는 ABA 처리 때와 유사하였다. 그러나 저온처리를 하면, 대조구에 비해서 효소의 활성이 급속히 감소되었다가, 대조구의 acid phosphatase는 거의 같은 활성을 유지하는 동안 처리구의 acid phosphatae의 활성은 6 일까지 서서히 증가되었다. Acid phosphatase는 저온처리, ABA와 NaCl처리에 대항하여 식물이 스트레스에 대처하도록 생화학적인 반응에 관하는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2003년도 학술대회
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• pp.86-91
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• 2003

In this study, in order to examine whether salt and heat shock stress would alter or not contraction and relaxation of isolated rat aorta. Under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital(50 mg Kg$^{-1}$ i.p.), male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 300-330 g were subjected to 0, heat shock combined salt stress, where as the sham group was left at modified Krebs-bicarbonate solution. To measure contractile response of vascular ring preparation isolated from rat was determined in organ bath and was recorded on physiograph connected to isometric transducer. And the strip was checked for expression of heat shock protein(Hsps) by means of western blotting. The combination group of heat and 50 mM NaCl group increased vascular contractility, and the heat and 150 mM NaCl group decreased vascular contractility for 5 hours, and then recovered for 8 hours compared to that of control. Expressin of Hsp 70 of vascular muscle of rat aorta more increased by combination of heat and NaCl treatment than those of single treatment of heat or NaCl treatment, and vascular Hsp 70 showed a little decrease at 8 hours compared at 5 hours. These result indicate that mixed environmental stress either increased or decreased in vascular contractility by combination of heat and NaCl concentration.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 1998

Gamma irradiated and non-irradiated Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour were extracted by 70% ethanol. The combined effects of the Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour extract and NaCl on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in tryptic soy broth were investigated. E. coli O157:H7 decreased ca 1 log cycle by the addition of 2% sample extract, and the anthbacterial activity was increased as the concentration of sample extract was increased. The irradiation effect of the sample on antibacterial activity was not observed. On the treatment of NaCl alone, E. coli O157:H7 was inactivated (ca 3~4 log cycle reduction within 48 hr) in more than 7% NaCl. The higher inactivation(ca 5 log cycle reduction within 48 hr) occurred in the presence of 2% sample extract and 5% NaCl than in the addition of each alone. The extracted antibacterial substance was stable in the pH range of 4.0 to 7.0, heat treatment at 121$^\circ C$ for 15 min, and freezing at -18$^\circ C$ and thawing at 37$^\circ C$. There fore, the sample extract, would substantially increase the food-safety in terms of E. coli O157:H7.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 1991

Hypocotyl-derived callus cultures of Brassica pekinensis cv. Chungseng were grown on Murashige-Skoog medium containing NaCl, Na2SO4 and mannitol to clarify the effect of salts on callus growth, proline accumulation and water relations. Na2SO4 was more inhibitory than NaCl when survival rate, growth and fresh:dry weight ratios of established callus were measured. Fresh weight in 0.25% NaCl treatment was more than twice as increasable in comparison to the same concentration of Na2SO4 or control. Proline concentration was increased on either salt, attained at highest levels at the 5th subculture, and fluctuated as affected by both salts or mannitol. Concentrations of redeucing sugars were sharply increased after 2 or 3 times of subculture and decreased by increasing subculture. The water and osmotic potential in callus reached a maximum negative value after two weeks in culture, regardless of salt type and mannitol and tugor remained relatively constant on both salt and mannitol treatments.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1971

초파리의 번데기 시기에 NaCl을 처리하였을때 우활율과 SD작용에 변동이 있는가를 보기 위하여 6가지 계통, 즉 SD 계통 4가지와 다른계통 2가지를 써서 6가지 농도의 NaCl사육배지를 만들어 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 우화율(즉 NaCl에 대한 저항성)은 계통간이나 NaCl의 농도간이나 다같이 매우 유의적인 차이를 보이고 있다. 2. 우화율은 NaCl 농도가 높을수록 낮아지는 경향이 있으며, 이 저하는 완만한 편이고 발생의 각 단계중에서 번데기 시기가 NaCl의 영향을 가장 적게 받는다. 3. SD계통의 우화율은 다른 계통에 비하여 대체로 낮은 편인데, 이것은 SD계통이 NaCl에 대한 저항성이 다른 계통에 비하여 약한 것을 말한다. 4. SD작용의 척도라고 볼 수 있는 k 값은 NaCl의 농도간에 유의한 차가 없으나 계통간에는 유의적인 차이를 보이고 있으며, Original-SD 계통의 k값은 Recombinant-SD계통의 k값보다 높고 또한 안정성을 나타내고 있다. 5. NaCl은 SD작용에 영향을 미치지 못하며 발생의 어느 단계에 NaCl을 처리하거나 관계없이 일단 우화만 되면 SD작용에는 변동이 없다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.437-442
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• 1992

우리나라에서 널리 보급되어 재배되고 있는 감자 품종인 수미(秀美, Superior) 및 남작(男爵, Irish Cobbler) 두 품종을 원료로 potato chip을 제조할 때 품질에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 Maillard 반응의 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 환원당의 함량을 감소시키기 위하여 화학적 저해제로 알려진 $CaCl_2$와 NaCl을 사용하여 감자를 전처리한 후 환원당 함량을 분석하고 potato chip을 제조하여 색상을 비교한 결과 NaCl로 침지 처리한 경우에는 환원당의 감소가 $15{\sim}30%$에 불과하고 chip의 색상도 좋지 못하였다. 그러나 NaCl 침지 가열처리의 경우에는 환원당의 감소가 평균 40%였으며, 특히 두 품종 모두 0.08% NaCl 용액으로 5분 및 7분간 처리한 것이 좋은 효과를 나타내었다. $CaCl_2$ 용액에 침지처리한 것은 NaCl 용액으로 처리한 것보다 효과는 있었으나 색상이 고르지 못하고 부분적으로 갈색화되었다. $CaCl_2$용액에 침지 가열처리한 것이 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내어 환원당의 감소가 약 50% 정도였으며 그 중에서도 0.05% 및 0.07% $CaCl_2$ 용액에 5분 및 7분간 처리한 것이 환원당의 감소는 물론 chip의 색상도 가장 좋았다. 침지시 상온에서 처리하는 것보다는 $72{\sim}82^{\circ}$ 에서 NaCl 용액 보다는 $CaCl_2$ 용액으로 blanching하는 것이 가장 효과적이었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of NaCl concentration on the photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence and growth characteristics of Crepidiastrum sonchifolium. Methods and Results: As treatments, we subjected C. sonchifolium plants to four different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM). We found that the photosynthetic parameters maximum photosynthesis rate (P_{N max}), net apparent quantum yield (Φ), maximum carboxylation rate (V_cmax), and maximum electron transport rate (J_max) were significantly reduced at an NaCl concentration greater than 100 mM. In contrast, there was an increase in water-use efficiency with increasing NaCl concentration, although in terms of growth performances, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, stem length, and total dry weight all decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. Furthermore, leakage of electrolytes, as a consequence of cell membrane damage, clearly increased in response to an increase in NaCl concentration. Analysis of the polyphasic elevation of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients (OKJIP) revealed marked decrease in flux ratios (Φ_PO, Ψ_O and Φ_EO) and the PI_abs, performance index in response to treatment with 200 mM NaCl, thereby reflectings the relatively reduced state of photosystem II. This increase in fluorescence could be due to a reduction in electron transport beyond Q^-_A. We thus found that the photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence and growth characteristics of C. sonchifolium significantly increased in response to treatment with 200 mM NaCl. Conclusions: Collectively, the findings of this study indicate that C. sonchifolium shows relatively low sensitivity to NaCl stress, although photosynthetic activity was markedly reduced in plants exposed to 200 mM NaCl.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.224-232
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• 1992

Coolingability of coolants is important factor in cooling processor heat treatment of steel. Using standard apparatus and method defined in the Korean Industrial Standard three different shapes of probe were designed, ie, cylinderical, spherical and square on shape with same volume of standard probe. Distilled water and sodium aquious solutions with different concentration of NaOH, NaCl and $Na_2CO_3$ were examined. Estimation of coolingability of each quenchants for the probes of cylinderical, spherical or square shape, the cooling rate is greater square, cylinder and sphere in order. Coolingability of sodium aquious solution of NaCl, $Na_2CO_3$ and NaOH is found generally greater then that of distilled water. Effectiveness of ingredients is in the order of $Na_2CO_3$, NaOH and NaCl. In both solutions coolingability increases in 20%, 5%, and 10%in order. Analytical results obtained from Finite Element Method were compared with experimental ones and found as practically satisfactional.

• 공업화학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 NaCl/$H_3PO_4$ 혼합수용액을 사용하여 라이오셀 섬유의 내염화 처리를 수행하고 이에 따른 열 안정성과 내산화성의 향상 효과를 고찰하였다. 라이오셀 섬유를 다양한 공정조건으로 내염화 처리한 후 열 안정성과 내산화성을 측정 및 분석하고 그에 따른 메커니즘을 제시하였다. 실험결과, 내염화 처리된 라이오셀 섬유의 적분 열분해 온도(integral procedural decomposition temperature, IPDT)와 한계산소지수(limited oxygen index, LOI)는 약 23, 30% 증가하였으며, 활성화 에너지(activation energy, $E_a$) 값은 약 24% 향상된 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 $H_3PO_4$와 NaCl가 연소시 에스테르화 반응, 탈수소화 반응 및 C-C결합의 분해반응으로 char 형성을 촉진하고 섬유 표면에 형성된 탄소 층을 형성함으로써, 고분자 수지 내부로 산소와 열 공급을 물리적으로 차단하여 열 안정성과 내산화성이 향상된 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, NaCl/$H_3PO_4$ 혼합수용액을 이용한 내염화 처리 공정의 최적화된 인자 및 메커니즘을 제시하였고 열 안정성과 내산화성이 향상된 라이오셀을 성공적으로 제조하였다.