• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1103-1115
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• 2022

The adsorption characteristics of four pesticides (phosphamidon, fenitrothion, triadimefon, and diniconazole) on natural clinoptilolite (CLI_N) and three synthetic zeolites were investigated. The synthetic zeolites included faujasite (FAU_F) synthesized from coal fly ash; the mixture of FAU and Na-P1 (FAU + Na-P1)_SF synthesized using Jeju scoria and coal fly ash at the ratio of 1.5 by weight; and waste fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC_W). The distribution coefficient, K_D and the Freundlich constant, K_F decreased in the following sequence: FCC_W > FAU_F > (FAU + Na-P1)_SF > CLI_N among the zeolites and diniconazole>fenitrothion> triadimefon> phosphamidon among the pesticides. The pesticide adsorptivity increased with increasing temperature for FAU_F, (FAU+Na-P1)_SF and FCC_W, however, it decreased for CLI_N, regardless of the type of pesticide. The adsorptivity of pesticides was independent of pH for phosphamidon, fenitrothion and triadimefon, whereas it decreased with increasing pH for diniconazole, regardless of zeolite type.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2008

본 연구는 마포소각장에서 발생된 용융슬래그로부터 Na-A형 제올라이트를 합성하여 환경 저감재로 재활용키 위한 목적에서 수행되었다. 초기물질로 사용된 용융슬래그는 용제(flux)로 사용된 Fe 성분(19.6% of $Fe_2O_3$, and 18.9% of FeO)이 비교적 높기는 하지만, 상대적으로 제올라이트의 주요 성분인 $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$ 및 $Na_2O$가 각각 26.6%, 10.9% 및 2.7% 함유되어 제올라이트의 합성에 유리한 조성을 가지고 있다. 제올라이트의 수열합성은 $80^{\circ}C$에서 수행되었으며, $SiO_2/Al_2O_3\;=\;0.80{\sim}1.96$인 넓은 범위의 화학조성에서 Na-A형 제올라이트가 합성되는 것을 확인하였다. 제올라이트의 양이온 교환 능력은 10 h 이상의 합성시간에서 일정하게 거의 220 cmol/kg인 것으로 측정되었다. 합성된 제올라이트의 중금속 (As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn 및 Pb)에 대한 흡착능을 측정한 결과, As 및 Cr을 제외한 모든 중금속에서 높은 흡착율을 보였다. As와 Cr은 Eh-pH분석을 통해 각각 $HAsO_4^{2-}$와 $CrO_4^{2-}$인 이온상으로 존재하고 있음을 확인하였다. As와 Cr에 대한 제올라이트의 흡착률이 낮은 것은 이들 이온상들의 크기가 Na-A형 제올라이트의 pore size ($4\;{\AA}$)보다 상대적으로 큰 유효 이온반경($4\;{\AA}$, 직경 $8\;{\AA}$)을 가지고 있기 때문인 것으로 결론지었다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2000

Siliceous mudstones are embedded on a large scale in the Tertiary formations of Pohang area. Some useful zeolites such as NsP, (Na, TMA)P, analcime and hydroxysodalite were synthesized from the siliceous mudstones by treating with the variety of solution, i.e ., NaOH, NaOH+NaCl, NaOH, NaOH+$NaAlO_2$and NaOH+TMAOH at the low-temperature hydrothermal system ranging 60~12$0^{\circ}C$. Major precursor of zeolites is found as opal-CT in the zeolite-forming reaction. Smectite, which is included in considerable amounts in the mudstone, appears to play a major role of Al-source in the zeolite synthesis. In comparison, chalcedonic quartz and mica are rather insoluble in alkaline solution, and thus, these are observed as major impurities in the reaction products. An addition of $NaAlO_2$to NaOH solution is effective for eliminating these impurities in the reaction procedure, through these are partly dissolved when elevating the reaction temperature, concentration, and time. Phase change from NaP to hydroxysodalite takes place at the NaOH concentrations of 3.0~4.0 M, and the reaction is not sensitive to the temperature shift. NaP is more stable at lower NaOH concentration and higher activity of $Na_{+}$ whereas analcime is sensitive to the temperature change and stable at higher than $100^{\circ}C$ and 2.0~4.0 M in NaOH concentration. For the pure NaP synthesis without any other products, the treatment of mudstones with 1:1 solution of NaOH and $NaAlO _2$ turns out to be quite effective. NaP was successfully synthesized together with analcime at $100^{\circ}C$ as well as lower concentrations of NaOH+NaCl solution. In addition, the organic type, (Na, TMA)P was formed together with smectite in the 1:1 solution of NaOH and TMAOH.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 LTA, FAU, CHA, RHO 제올라이트 분체 9종의 298.15 K에서의 수증기 흡착 특성을 고찰하여 구조, Si/Al 몰 비, 양이온 종류가 제올라이트 분체의 수증기 흡착에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 수증기 흡착량은 $RHO<CHA{\approx}LTA<FAU$ 제올라이트 분체 순으로 증가하였다. FAU 제올라이트 분체의 경우, Si/Al 몰 비가 작은 NaY 제올라이트 분체가 13X 제올라이트 분체에 비하여 우수한 수증기 흡착량(406 mg/g)을 보였다. LTA 제올라이트 분체의 경우, Ca로 치환 5A 제올라이트 분체가 3A, 4A 제올라이트 분체에 비하여 우수한 수증기 흡착량(282 mg/g)을 보였다. CHA 제올라이트 분체는 Si/Al 몰 비가 2.35으로 LTA 제올라이트 분체의 Si/Al 몰 비보다 컸지만 LTA 제올라이트 분체와 유사한 수증기 흡착량을 보였다. 또한, RHO 제올라이트 분체는 Si/Al 몰 비가 3.56으로 컸지만 (188 mg/g)으로 상당량의 수증기 흡착량을 보였다. 본 연구결과로부터 FAU, LTA 제올라이트 분체뿐만 아니라 Si/Al 몰 비가 커서 화학적 내구성이 우수할 것으로 예상되는 CHA, RHO 제올라이트 분체도 우수한 제습 흡착제임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.401-418
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• 2000

1. Production of the artificial zeolite from coal ash Coal fly ash is mainly composed of several oxides including $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ derived from inorganic compounds remained after burning. As minor components, $Fe_2O_3$ and oxides of Mg, Ca, P, Ti (trace) are also contained in the ash. These components are presented as glass form resulting from fusion in the process of the combustion of coal. In other word, coal ash may refer to a kind of aluminosilicate glass that is known to easily change to zeolite-like materials by hydrothermal reaction. Lots of hot seawater is disposing near thermal power plants after cooling turbine generator periodically. Using seawater in the hydrothermal reaction caused to produce low price artificial zeolite by reduction of sodium hydroxide consumption, heating energy and water cost. As coal ash were reacted hydrothermally, peaks of quartz and mullite in the ash were weakened and disappeared, and new Na-Pl peaks were appeared strengthily. Si-O-Si bonding of the bituminous coal ash was changed to Si-O-Al (and $Fe^{3+}$) bonding by the reaction. Therefore the produced Na-Pl type zeolite had high CEC of 276.7 $cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and well developed molecular sieve structure with low concentration of heavy metals. 2. Utilization of the artificial zeolite in agro-environment The artificial zeolite(1g) could remove 123.5 mg of zinc, 164.7 mg copper, 184.4 mg cadmium and 350.6 mg lead in the synthetic wastewater. The removability is higher 2.8 times in zinc, 3.3 times in copper, 4.7 times in cadmium and 4.8 times in lead than natural zeolite and charcoal powder. When the heavy metals were treated at the ratio of 150 $kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ to the rice plant, various growth inhibition were observed; brownish discoloration and death of leaf sheath, growth inhibition in culm length, number of panicles and grains, grain ripening and rice yield. But these growth inhibition was greatly alleviated by the application of artificial zeolite, therefore, rice yield increased $1.1{\sim}3.2$ times according to the metal kind. In addition, the concentration of heavy metals in the brown rice also lowered by $27{\sim}75%$. Artificial Granular Zeolites (AGZ) was developed for the purification of wastewater. Canon exchange capacity was 126.8 $cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. AGZ had Na-Pl peaks mainly with some minor $C_3S$ peaks in X-ray diffractogram. In addition, AGZs had various pore structure that may be adhere the suspended solid and offer microbiological niche to decompose organic pollutants. AGZ could remove ammonium, orthophosphate and heavy metals simultaneously. Mixing ratio of artificial zeolite in AGZs was related positively with removal efficiency of $NH_4\;^+$ and negatively with that of $PO_4\;^{3-}$. Root growth of rice seedling was inhibited severely in the mine wastewater because of strong acidity and high concentration of heavy metals. As AGZ(1 kg) stayed in the wastewater(100L) for 4days, water quality turned into safely for agricultural usage and rice seedlings grew normally.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2006

The production of CO-free hydrogen streams for feeding PEM-Fuel Cells using catalytic zeolite membrane reactors was analysed by means of selective oxidation. Tubular FAU (Na-Y) zeolite membranes, prepared by a secondary growth method and Pt-loaded, were used in a flow-through MR configuration. The catalytic tests were carried out at $200^{\circ}C$ and at different pressures with a simulated dry reformate shifted gas mixture ($H_2$ ca. 60%, CO 1 %, plus $O_2,\;N_2,\;CO_2$). The operative $O_2/CO$ stoichiometric equivalent feed ratio was ${\lambda}= 2$. These catalytic tests, reducing the CO concentration down to $10{\sim}50$ ppm, verified the possibility of MR integration after using a low temperature water-gas shift unit of a fuel processor to convert hydrocarbons into hydrogen-rich gas.

• 멤브레인
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.254-268
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• 2007

다양한 재료특성(Si/Al 몰비, 두께, 구조적 불완전성)을 갖는 Na형 faujasite 제올라이트 분리층을 다공성 $\alpha$-알루미나 튜브 표면에 수열조건에서 이차성장 시키고 $CO_2/N_2$ 분리거동을 $CO_2/N_2$ 몰비가 1인 혼합기체에 대하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 평가하였다. 수열조건 중에서 수열용액 내의 $SiO_2$ 양은 형성된 제올라이트 분리층의 재료특성에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 변수임을 확인하였다. 즉, 수열용액 내의 $SiO_2$ 양이 증가함에 따라서 형성된 제올라이트 분리층의 Si/Al 몰비, 두께, 구조적 불완전성(discontinuity)은 동시에 증가하였다. 본 논문에서는 불완전한 치밀화에 의해 잔존하는 결정립간 공극(void), GIS Na-P1 상에 의해 형성된 균열(crack) 등 구조적 불완전성이 $CO_2/N_2$ 분리에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 재료특성이며, 투과부에서의 $CO_2$ 탈착이 전체 $CO_2$ 투과의 율속단계(rate-determining step)임을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2002

This study was conducted to know the removal characteristics of ammonia nitrogen by commercially available cation exchange resins. Eight acidic cation exchange resins were investigated in batch reactors. Among them, the most effective resin for ammonia removal in solution was PK228, which was a strong acidic resin of $Na^{+}$ type. PK228 was compared with activated carbon and natural zeolite. The effects of cation exchange capacity, ammonia concentration, resin amount, temperature and pH on ammonia removal by PK228 were investigated in batch reactor, and the effect of effluent velocity in continuous column reactor. Strong acidic resins of porous type were more effective than week acidic resins or gel type resins for ammonia removal in solution. PK228 was more effective than activated carbon and natural zeolite for ammonia removal in batch reactor. With increasing initial ammonia concentration, the amount of ammonia removed by PK228 increased, but the proportion of removed ammonia to initial ammonia concentration decreased. The effect or temperature on ammonia removal by PK228 was very slight. The ammonia removal to acidic solution was more effective than that at basic solution. With decreasing effluent velocity of solution through column, breakthrough point extended, and ammonia removal capacity increased.d.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1996

과실, 채소류가 수확 후 발생하는 에칠렌 등의 가스를 흡착하는 소재를 개발하여 과재류의 신선도 유지용 포장소재로 개발코자 천연제올라이트와 이를 가공한 소재들간의 특성을 검토하였다. 천연 제올라이트의 성분조성은 $SiO_2$가 66.34%, $Al_2O_3$가 13.89%였고 Si/Al의 몰비가 4.78로서 silica가 비교적 높은 게올라이트였으며, DTA와 TG 곡선에서 $80^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 미미한 탈수를 나타냈고 $1,000^{\circ}C$에서 16%의 감량이 나타났다. X-선 회절분석 결과 mordenite가 주요구성광물이었으며, 비표면적은 천연 제올라이트가 $75.2m^2/g$였으나 가열온도가 높아짐에 따라서 비표면적은 $2.12m^2/g$까지 감소함으로 열처리에 의한 방법은 바람직하지 않았으나, 화학 처리한 것들의 비표면적은 1N HCl로 처리한 것은 $90.78m^2/g$으로 나타나 산처리 한 것이 비표면적이 가장 높게 나타났는데, 이는 천연 제올라이트 보다 약 4배 증가되었다. 따라서, 포장소재로는 산처리한 것이 가장 우수하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

Ion exchange performance to remove Ammonium in water was studied using commercially available strong acidic cationic exchange resin of $Na^+$ type in the batch and continuous column reactors. The performance was tested using the effluent concentration histories for continuous column or equilibrium concentrations for batch reactor as a function of time until resins were exhausted or reached ionic equilibrium between resin and solution. The results shoed that cationic exchange resin used in this study was more effective than activated carbon or zeolite for ammonium removal. Ammonium removal with the ion exchange resin temperature to be high qualitative recording minuteness but increases about seasonal change of temperature was judged with the public law where the adaptability is excellent. When the pH comes to be high at 11 degree, the ammonium was not effectively removed.