• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

목적: 재발성 추간판 탈출증에 대하여 추간판 재절제술의 결과를 분석하고 수술결과에 영향을 줄 만한 요인에는 어떤 것이 있는지 제시하였다. 대상 및 방법: 59명이 재발성 추간판 탈출증에 대하여 추간판 재절제술을 시행받았고 최소 2년 이상 추시관찰하였다. 수술 결과는 visual analogue scale (VAS) 및 Macnab 분류에 따라서 평가하였고, 회복률은 VAS 변화에 따라 계산하였다. 그리고 SPSS를 이용하여 치료결과에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대한 통계적 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 재발성 추간판 탈출증으로 인한 수술률은 일차 추간판 절제술을 시행한 전체 환자의 6.0% (59/983예)를 차지하였다. VAS에 따른 첫 번째 수술의 임상적 호전 비율은 77%, 두 번째 수술에서는 71%로 측정되었다. 통계적으로 첫 번째와 두 번째의 평균 임상적 호전 비율 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. Macnab 분류에 따르면 96%의 환자가 excellent 또는 good 판정을 받았다. 추간판 재절제술 후 추가적으로 요추 불안정성이 발생된 증례는 없었다. 재수술 시 흡연, 외상력, 당뇨의 요인에 따른 수술 후 임상적 호전 정도에는 일차 수술과 비교하여 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 재발성 추간판 탈출증에 대해 시행한 추간판 재절제술은 일차 추간판 절제술만큼 좋은 임상 결과를 보였다. 흡연, 외상력, 당뇨의 요인들은 추간판 재절제술의 결과에 영향을 거의 미치지 않았다.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2007

Objective : To report cases of patients with Parkinson's syndrome. Design : Case-series Patients and methods : 35 of patients with Parkinson's syndrome who visited Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center were treated by acupuncture and herbal medicine from May until December 2007. 35 patients were participated in this study. 21 patients were dropped out during the trial, and we evaluated symptom progress of 14 patients by using several questionnaires such as Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), modified Hoehn & Yahr stage (H&Y stage) and Schwab & England ADL scale(S&E ADL scale). Results : The whole group consists of 14 male patients and 21 female patients. Mean±SD age range is 64.5±8.4. There were no significant differences of the demographic and clinical characteristics between the case group and drop-out group. The mean±SD medical treatment period of the Case group were 8.4±6.3weeks, the mean±SD of the total score in first medical treatment UPDRS section 1~3 were 29.6±11.0, the mean±SD of the final score were 27.1±12.6, all of which showed significant improvement(p=0.007). There were no significant changes on the H&Y stage and S&E ADL scale. Conclusion : Patients with Parkinson's syndrome who visited Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic diseases of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center had a tendency of showing improvement in clinical symptoms.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

1. Purpose : The purpose of this study was done to compare the sex, past history, hematologic relationship between the Cerebral infarction patients and the Cerebral hemorrhage patients. 2. Methods : We selected the two study groups. The one is 20 Cerebral infarction patients and the other 20 Cerebral hemorrhage patients with confirmed by Brain CT or MRI. We made an investigation into past history. We examined and made a comparative study of CBC, LFT, Na, K, Cl in the both group. 3. Result & Conclusion : In the Cerebral hemorrhage group, there were many patients with Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus than the Cerebral infarction group. In the Cerebral infarction group, there were many patients with abnormal RBC count with no significant. Also, ESR is higher than the other group. Between the Cerebral infarction and the other group, we discovered significant cases with abnormal triglyceride, ALP in the Cerebral infarction group(p<0.05). Abnormal triglyceride is known one of important risk factor of Cerebral infarction, but this study was significant in the Cerebral hemorrhage group. Also, ALP was significant in the Cerebral hemorrhage group. Therefore more extensive research is needed.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2022

Purpose: A full-energy-peak (FEP) efficiency correction is required through a Monte Carlo simulation for accurate radioactivity measurement, considering the geometrical characteristics of the detector and the sample. However, a relative deviation (RD) occurs between the measurement and calculation efficiencies when modeling using the data provided by the manufacturers due to the randomly generated dead layer. This study aims to optimize the structure of the detector by determining the dead layer thickness based on Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: The high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector used in this study was a coaxial p-type GC2518 model, and a certified reference material (CRM) was used to measure the FEP efficiency. Using the MC N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) code, the FEP efficiency was calculated by increasing the thickness of the outer and inner dead layer in proportion to the thickness of the electrode. Results: As the thickness of the outer and inner dead layer increased by 0.1 mm and 0.1 ㎛, the efficiency difference decreased by 2.43% on average up to 1.0 mm and 1.0 ㎛ and increased by 1.86% thereafter. Therefore, the structure of the detector was optimized by determining 1.0 mm and 1.0 ㎛ as thickness of the dead layer. Conclusions: The effect of the dead layer on the FEP efficiency was evaluated, and an excellent agreement between the measured and calculated efficiencies was confirmed with RDs of less than 4%. It suggests that the optimized HPGe detector can be used to measure the accurate radioactivity using in dismantling and disposing medical linear accelerators.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.516-523
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• 2007

2N급(99 %)의 실리카를 3N급(99.9 %)으로 향상시키기 위해서 널리 이용되고 있는 산 침출법(acid leaching)들의 정제효과와 실리카광물에 존재하는 불순물의 분석법에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 산 침출법에 이용한 용액은 0.2M-oxalic acid (pH1.5, 2.5), conc-Aqua regia, 2.5 %-HCl/HF, 1 %-$HNO_3/HF$의 다섯 종류이었으며, 각 방법의 불순물 정제특성과 침출시간에 따른 침출효율을 조사하였다. 실리카광물과 침출용액중의 불순물 분석은 중성자방사화분석법(neutron activation analysis; NAA), 유도결합 플라즈마 원자방출 분석법(inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry; ICP-AES), 원자흡광 분광분석법(atomic absorption spectrometry; AAS), x-선 형광분석법(x-ray fluorescence; XRF), 그리고 습식분석법(wet analysis; WA)의 여섯 가지 방법을 이용하였으며, 불순물의 농도와 종류에 따른 분석법들의 장단점을 조사하였다. 실험에 사용한 실리카광물은 습식 비중선별 및 자력선별과 같은 물리적 정제를 거친 순도 99 %급의 실리카로서 $100-150{\mu}m$ 범위의 입도분포를 가지는 분말들이었다. 실리카중 주요 불순물은 Al, Fe, Na, Ca 및 Ti 이었으며 수백에서 수천 mg/kg의 농도로 존재하고 있었다. 산 침출방법과 불순물의 종류에 따른 정제효과를 비교한 결과 2.5 %-HCl/HF 침출방법이 가장 효과적이었으며 이 방법으로 99.1 % 실리카 분말을 99.8 %까지 순도를 향상시킬 수 있었다. 또한 실리카광물과 침출용액의 불순물의 종류와 함량에 따른 최적의 분석기술을 결정할 수 있었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.473-480
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to investigate middle and high school students' food habits and food attitudes, and to assess student's nutrient consumption. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on review of literature. The questionnaire consisted of three sections (food habits, food attitudes, and food consumption). The questionnaires were distributed to 4,050 students enrolled in 34 middle and high schools located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gyeongnam provinces. A final response rate was 88.2% (3,570) excluding responses that had significant missing data. Data of the food habits and food attitudes were analyzed with descriptive analysis, $x^2$-test, and t-test using SPSS WIN(ver.11.0). The student's self-reported food consumption data was converted into nutrient consumption using conversion factor. Many middle and high school students skipped breakfast and/or dinner. Approximately 29% of the students did not eat vegetables and fruits. Scores of the middle school student's attitudes(19.1) towards foods were significantly higher than those of the high school student's attitudes(18.7)(p<.001). Student's nutrient intakes were estimated according to the student's self-reported food consumption data. The nutrient intakes were compared with DRIs(Dietary Reference Intakes: DRIs) for their age groups. The result of EAR(Estimated Average Requirement: EAR) cut-point method demonstrated 57.7% of middle school boys, 64.4% of middle school girls, 70.2% of high school boys, and 71.0% of high school girls did not meet EAR for Calcium. Additionally, it showed that 39.0% of middle school boys, 23.7% of middle school girls, 58.4% of high school boys, and 24.4% of high school girls did not consume EAR for Vitamin $B_1$. 25.7% of middle school boys did not meet EAR for Vitamin $B_2$, while 44.4% high school boys did not satisfy EAR for Vitamin $B_2$.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.524-535
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of cognitive responses, emotional responses, customer satisfaction, and service loyalty about service encounter quality by types of restaurants and to analyse emotional responses, customer satisfaction, and service loyalty in accordance with level of service encounter quality. The questionnaire were collected from customers (N=812) who had used restaurants in Seoul, aiming at 15 or more-year-old customers from October 24, 2005 to November 6, 2005. The main results of this study were as follows: Statistically significant difference was showed in importance and performance of interaction quality, importance and performance of physical environment quality, performance of outcome quality depending on types of restaurants, while significant difference was not indicated in importance of outcome quality by types of restaurants. Positive emotional response was significantly high by types of restaurants in order of fine-dining restaurants, family restaurants, and fast-food restaurants, while negative emotional responses were significantly higher in fast-food restaurants than in the other two types. As far as Customer satisfaction are concerned, fine-dining restaurants showed higher customer satisfaction than the other two types. Attitudinal service loyalty was high in fine-dining restaurants, family restaurants and fast-food restaurants in order and behavioral loyalty was not significantly different with each type of restaurant. In accordance with level of service encounter quality, cluster analysis was conducted and the clusters were divided into 'high-valuation' and 'low-valuation'. 'High-valuation cluster' and 'low-valuation cluster' showed significant difference depending on types of restaurants that customers used(p<.001). The customers who used fine-dining restaurants and family restaurants valued the performance of service encounter highly. However, in fast-food restaurants, a lot of low-valuation customers existed. Therefore, fast-food restaurants have to improve performance of interaction quality, outcome quality and physical environment quality in service encounter. In addition, in 'high-valuation cluster' who valued service encounter quality highly showed higher scores in positive responses, customer satisfaction, service loyalty than in 'low-valuation cluster', and showed low negative responses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1292-1298
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• 2023

PAMB 00755^T, a bacterial strain, was isolated from Korean fir leaves. The strain exhibits yellow colonies and consists of Gram-negative, non-motile, short rods or ovoid-shaped cells. It displays optimal growth conditions at 20℃, 0% NaCl, and pH 6.0. Results of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses showed that strain PAMB 00755^T was most closely related to Sphingomonas chungangi MAH-6^T (97.7%) and Sphingomonas polyaromaticivorans B2-7^T (97.4%), and ≤96.5% sequence similarity to other members of the genus Sphingomonas. The values of average nucleotide identity (79.9-81.3%), average amino acid identity (73.3-75.9%), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (73.3-75.9%) were significantly lower than the threshold values for species boundaries; these overall genome-related indexes (OGRI) analyses indicated that the strain represents a novel species. Genomic analysis revealed that the strain has a 4.4-Mbp genome encoding 4,083 functional genes, while the DNA G+C content of the whole genome is 66.1%. The genome of strain PAMB 00755^T showed a putative carotenoid biosynthetic cluster responsible for its antioxidant activity. The respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone 10 (Q-10), while the major fatty acids in the profile were identified as C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c (summed feature 8). The major polar lipids of strain PAMB 00755^T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, and phosphatidylcholine. Based on a comprehensive analysis of genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we proposed the name Sphingomonas abietis sp. nov. for this novel species, with PAMB 00755^T as the type strain (= KCTC 92781^T = GDMCC 1.3779^T).

• 자원환경지질
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.745-764
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• 2023

In the Republic of Congo, Banded iron formations (BIFs) occur in two areas: the Chaillu Massif and the Ivindo Basement Complex, which are segments of the Archean Congo craton outcropping in the northwestern and southwestern parts of the country. They show interesting potential with significant mineral resources reaching 2 Bt and grades up to 60% Fe. BIFs consist mostly of oxide-rich facies (hematite/magnetite), but carbonate-rich facies are also highlighted. They are found across the country within the similar geological sequences composed of amphibolites, gneisses and greenschists. The Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized patterns of BIFs show enrichment in elements such as SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, CaO, P₂O₅, Cr, Cu, Zn, Nb, Hf, U and depletion in TiO₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, Na₂O, K₂O, Sc, Th, Ba, Zr, Rb, Ni, V. REE diagrams show slight light REEs (rare earth elements; LREEs) compared to heavy REEs (HREEs), and positive La and Eu anomalies. The lithological associations, as well as the very high (Eu/Eu^*)_SN ratios> 1.8 shown by the BIFs, suggest that they are related to Algoma-type BIFs. The positive correlations between Zr and TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Hf suggest that the contamination comes mainly from felsic rocks, while the absence of correlations between MgO and Cr, Ni argues for negligeable contributions from mafic sources. Pr/Pr^* vs. Ce/Ce^* diagram indicates that the Congolese BIFs were formed in basins with redox heterogeneity, which varies from suboxic to anoxic and from oxic to anoxic conditions. They were formed through hydrothermal vents in the seawater, with relatively low proportions of detrital inputs derived from igneous sources through continental weathering. Some Congolese BIFs show high contents in Cr, Ni and Cu, which suggest that iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) have been leached through hydrothermal processes associated with submarine volcanism. We discussed their tectonic setting and depositional environment and proposed that they were deposited in extensional back-arc basins, which also recorded hydrothermal vent fluids.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.790-797
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• 2023

Guar gum is an edible starch extracted from Cyamopsis tetragonolobus and used as an auxiliary ingredient to enhance the viscosity and adhesiveness of food and improve its emulsification stability. Here, characteristics of fish surimi mixture with various added amounts (0, 0.23, 0.45, 0.67, and 0.89 wt%) of guar gum were analyzed. In unheated surimi with guar gum, the pH decreased as the content increased. In the color values analysis, only the b^* (yellowness) increased depending on the amount of added guar gum. The firmness increased with increasing guar gum content, and no significant difference in adhesiveness was observed. In heated surimi, a^* (redness) and b^* decreased in a content-dependent manner, and L^* (lightness) was higher than that of unheated surimi. Regarding physical properties, the highest values of hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were observed in the heated surimi with 0.67 wt% of guar gum. However, no significant change was observed in springiness and cohesiveness. Results of sensory evaluation indicated that with higher guar gum content, only the hardness increased slightly, and significant differences were absent in the remaining parameters. Thus, surimi with 0.67 wt% of guar gum is considered to be optimal for 3D printing.