• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.197-208
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• 2005

Although little information is available on the underlying mechanisms, various genetic factors have been associated with tissue-specific responses to radiation. In the present study, we explored the possibility whether organ specific gene expression is associated with radiosensitivity using samples from brain, lung and spleen. We examined intrinsic expression pattern of 23 genes in the organs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR method using both male and female C57BL/6 mice. Expression of p53 and p21, well known factors for governing sensitivity to radiation or chemotherapeutic agents, was not different among the organ types. Both higher expression of sialyltransferase, delta7-sterol reductase, leptin receptor splice variant form 12.1, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lower expression of alphaB crystalline were specific for spleen tissue. Expression level of glutathione peroxidase and APO-1 cell surface antigen gene in lung tissue was high, while that of Na, K-ATPase alpha-subunit, Cu/ZnSOD, and cyclin G was low. Brain, radioresistant organ, showed higher expressions of Na, K-ATPase-subunit, cyclin G, and nucleolar protein hNop56 and lower expression of delta7-sterol reductase. The result revealed a potential correlation between gene expression patterns and organ sensitivity, and Identified genes which might be responsible for organ sensitivity.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2016

This study aimed to examine the role of two aquaporin isoforms (AQP3 and AQP8) in response to the hyperosmotic challenge of transitioning from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW) during parr and smoltification (smolt) using the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. We examined the changes in the expression of AQPs mRNAs in the gills and intestine of the parr and smolt stages of rainbow trout transferred from FW to SW using quantitative real-time PCR in an osmotically changing environment [FW, SW, and recombinant AQP3 (rAQP3) injection at two dosage rates]. Correspondingly, AQPs were greater during smoltification than during parr stages in the rainbow trout. Plasma osmolality and gill $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase activity increased when the fish were exposed to SW, but these parameters decreased when the fish were exposed to SW following treatment with rAQP3 during the transition to seawater. Our results suggest that AQPs play an important role in water absorbing mechanisms associated with multiple AQP isoforms in a hyperosmotic environment.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Objectives Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a human pathogen and a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. New antibacterial agents that have not been compromised by bacterial resistance are needed to treat MRSA-related infections. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity ofethanol extract of Haedokgeumhwa-san (HGH) which prescription is composed of korean medicine against MRSA. Methods The antibacterial activity of HGH extract was evaluated against MRSA strains by using the Disc diffusion method, broth microdilution method (minimal inhibitory concentration; MIC), checkerboard dilution test, and time-kill test; its mechanism of action was investigated by bacteriolysis, detergent or ATPase inhibitors. The checkerboard dilution test was used to examined synergistic effect of ampicillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, gentamicin and norfloxacin in combination with HGH ethanol extract. A time-kill assay was performed a survival curve which was obtained by plotting viable colony counts depending on time on bacterial growth. Results The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract (HGH) ranged from 1,000 to $2,000{\mu}g/mL$ against all the tested bacterial strains, respectively. We are able to confirm that HGH extract has potentially strong antibacterial activity. In the checkerboard dilution test, fractional inhibitory concentration index of HGH in combination with antibiotics indicated synergy or partial synergism against S. aureus. A time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was considerably inhibited after 8 hr of treatment with the combination of HGH with selected antibiotics. For measurement of cell membrane permeability, HGH $250{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$ along with concentration of Triton X-100 (TX) and Tris-(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) were used. In the other hand, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodimide (DCCD) and Sodium azide ($NaN_3$) was used as an inhibitor of ATPase. TX, Tris, DCCD and $NaN_3$ cooperation against S. aureus showed synergistic action. Accordingly, antimicrobial activity of HGH was affected by cell membrane and inhibitor of ATPase. Conclusions These results suggest that Haedokgeumhwa-san extract has antibacterial activity, and that HGH extract offers a potential as a natural antibiotic against MRSA.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.528-532
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• 1992

계면 활성제 특히 Triton X-100 의 첨가에 의해 ATP-의존성 효소의 subunit 인 Clp P 의 안정도를 높히고, 염의 첨가에 의한 효소 활성의 유지 정도와 Clp P 호소에 대한 생화학적 성질을 조사하였다. Clp A 가 가지고 있는 ATPase 활성을 나타내기 위하여서는 Clp P 의 단백질 분해 효소활성이 요구되며 Clp 효소의 다량체형성을 조사한 결과 ATP 가 존재하지 않을 경우에는 Clp A 와 Clp P 효소가 각각 용출하였으며 ATP 및 Mg 를 첨가하였을 때에는 complex 를 형성하여 분자량이 600,000 이상으로서 Clp P 효소는 Hexamer 로서 효소활성을 나타내며 Clp A 와 Clp P 의 다량체 형성이 요구되고 형성시에 ATP 가 관여하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.660-669
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect and regulatory mechanism of resveratrol supplementation on the mitochondrial energy metabolism of rats with exercise-induced fatigue. MATERIALS/METHODS: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided randomly into a blank control group (C), resveratrol group (R), exercise group (E), and exercise and resveratrol group (ER), with 12 rats in each group. Group ER and group E performed 6-wk swimming training with 5% wt-bearing, 60 min each time, 6 days a wk. Group ER was given resveratrol 50 mg/kg by gavage one hour after exercise; group R was only given resveratrol 50 mg/kg by gavage; group C and group E were fed normally. The same volume of solvent was given by gavage every day. RESULTS: Resveratrol supplementation could reduce the plasma blood urea nitrogen content, creatine kinase activity, and malondialdehyde content in the skeletal muscle, increase the total superoxide dismutase activity in the skeletal muscle, and improve the fatigue state. Resveratrol supplementation could improve the activities of Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase in the skeletal muscle. Furthermore, resveratrol supplementation could up-regulate the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-nuclear respiratory factor 1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol supplementation could promote mitochondrial biosynthesis via the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, increase the activity of the mitochondrial energy metabolism-related enzymes, improve the antioxidant capacity of the body, and promote recovery from exercise-induced fatigue.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 1999

RecA protein can promote strand assimilation, homologous pairing, and strand exchange. All these reactions require DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis by recA protein, and the activities of recA protein are affected by the ionic environment. In this experiment, DNA-dependent ATPase activity showed different sensitivity to anionic species. ATP hydrolysis and strand exchange were relatively sensitive to salt in the reactions with NaCl, strongly inhibited at 100 mM NaCl. However, the inhibition by sodium acetate or sodium glutamate was not observed at 50∼100 mM concentration. Addition of sodium glutamate to the standard reaction condition increased the apparent efficiency of ATP hydrolysis during strand exchange. The condition including 50∼100 mM sodium-glutamate might be similar to the physiological condition.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.279-282
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• 1998

Effects of high concentration of intracellular calcium on estradiol-induced vitellogenin(VTG) induction were examined using ouabain in Primary hepatocyte culture in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Ouabain increases cytosolic free calcium as a result of inhibition of $Na^+ - Ca^{2+}$ exchanger. Ouabain markedly reduced VTG production to the control level, despite of calcium concentrations in the incubatin medium. Therefore, ouabain would reduce VTG production not by increasing intracellular calcium bt directly by inhibiting $Na^+ - K^+$ ATPase.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.468-473
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• 2005

The energetics of nitrate uptake by intact cells of the halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica were investigated. Nitrate uptake was inhibited by various protonophores suggesting the coupling of nitrate uptake to the proton motive force. An artificially-generated pH gradient across the membrane (${\Delta}pH$) caused an increase of nitrate uptake. In contrast, the suppression of ${\Delta}pH$ resulted in a decrease of nitrate uptake. The increase of external pH also resulted in an enhancement of nitrate uptake. The generation of the electrical potential across the membrane ($\Delta\psi$) resulted in no elevation of the rate of nitrate uptake. On the other hand, the valinomycin-mediated dissipation of $\Delta\psi$ caused no depression of the rate of nitrate uptake. Thus, it is unlikely that $\Delta\psi$ participated in the energization of the uptake of nitrate. However, $Na^+$-gradient across the membrane was suggested to play a role in nitrate uptake since monensin which collapses $Na^+$-gradient strongly inhibited nitrate uptake. Exogenously added glucose and lactate stimulated nitrate uptake in the starved cells. N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, an inhibitor of ATPase, could also inhibit nitrate uptake suggesting that ATP hydrolysis was required for nitrate uptake. All these results indicate that nitrate uptake in A. halophytica is ATP-dependent, driven by ${\Delta}pH$ and $Na^+$-gradient.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1979

Studies have been conducted using isolated surviving skin of Rana temporalia in an attempt to evaluate the effect of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) on the epithelial $Na^+$ transport. Active transport of $Na^+$ across the skin was estimated by measuring short circuit current (SCC). NEM administered to the outside surface of the skin in concentration of $0.5{\times}10^{-4}-2.5{\times}10^{-4}M$ induced $20{\sim}40%$ increase during the first 30 mintues, followed by a gradual reduction in SCC. With NEM above $4{\times}10^{-4}M$, SCC was inhibited from the beginning. Qualitatively similar results were obtained when NEM was added to the inside bathing medium. However, the concentration of NEM for a similar effect was much higher with the drug in the inside bathing medium than in the outside bathing medium. The oxygen consumption of the skin was inhibited by NEM of above $10^{-4}M$, the effect being of approximately the same magnitude as that on SCC. The activity of $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase of the skin was not inhibited by NEM below $10^{-3}M$, but it was dramatically reduced with $1.2{\times}M$ NEM. The effects of NEM $(10^{-4}M)$ on the SCC and oxygen consumption could be eliminated by adding cysteine $(10^{-4}-10^{-3}M)$ in the medium, indicating that the SH group is involved in the action of NEM in the frog skin. On the basis of these results, the mode of action of NEM on the $Na^+$ transport across the frog skin was discussed.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2012

Objective: The primary objective this study was to evaluate the effect of Paljeong-san (PJS) pharmacopuncture treatment on against the glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats. Methods: Glycerol injection decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate) and increased urine volume, serum creatinine, BUN level, urine albumine secretion and fractional excretion of Na+, K+. PJS was selected in the basis of invigorating kidney which can eliminate pathogens. Rats were treated with PJS pharmacopuncture on Shin-shu (BL23) and Chon-chu (ST25) point for 3 days, followed by 50% concentration of glycerol injection ($5m{\ell}/kg$ body weight). Results: After the 3 days treatment period, Paljeong-san (PJS) pharmacopuncture treatment improved renal function. In addition, Glycerol injection increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased Na-K-ATPase in renal cortex and which were prevented by PJS treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that Paljeong-san (PJS) pharmacopuncture treatment show favorable effect on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats.