• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 1998

Electrochemical behaviours on 1.0 mM methylviologen ($MV^{2+}$) in 100 mM NaCl+27 mM $MgCl_2$ solution, without and with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were studied. The intersection of two lines on ${\Delta}E_p$ (the difference between the anodic, $E_{pa}$, and the cathodic, $E_{pc}$, peak potentials) of the first and second redox waves vs. -log[SDS] plot was determined as a critical micelle concentration (CMC). When $Mg^{2+}$ was added, the effective access of $MV{\cdot}^+$ to the glassy carbon electrode surface became possible and the formation of micelles was retarded.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 1997

Buccal absorption test of omeprazole in human was performed to determine the permeability of the drug molecule through oral mucous membrane. Oral mucosal adhesive tablets of omeprazole were prepared by compressing the omeprazole with a mixture of sodium alginate and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) as bioadhesive polymers, magnesium oxide (MgO) as a stabilizer and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) or cros-carmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol) as disintegrants. The bioadhesive force, stability in saliva and release characteristics of the tablets were evaluated. Omeprazole was absorbed about 23% in 15 min through human buccal mucous membrane. Furthermore, omeprazole was stable in saliva for more than 8 hrs when MgO was added to the tablet as the amount of 2.5 fold of omeprazole. The release rate of omeprazole was increased with increasing the amount of sodium alginate in the tablet. From these results, it is suggested that tablets composed of [omeprazole/HPMC/sodium alginate/MgO/Ac-Di-Sol and/or Na CMC (20/6/24/50/10) (mg/tablet)] are potential candidate for buccal drug delivery system.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2014

When a hydrophobic and hydrophilic environments of bis(2,2'-bipyridyl) copper(II) ($Cu(bpy)_2{^{2+}}$) are produced in the presence of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cyclic voltammetry is used to investigate the microscopic environments which occurs at the glassy carbon electrode. In order to see the relation between ${\Delta}E_p$ and a critical micelle concentration (CMC), ${\Delta}E_p$ vs. -Log[SDS] for the redox couples are plotted. The concentration at the intersection of two lines is 2.57 mM SDS, and this concentration can be determined as the CMC (relative error: below 0.03%; 2.63 mM SDS by surface tensiometry).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 1987

This study is conducted to investigate the influence of addition of quarternary ammonium salt(cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide: CTAB) when polyester(PET) fabric is treated with sodium hydroxide(NaOH), depending on experimental variables such as CTAB concentration, NaOH concentration, time & temperature, and the change in physical & chemical properties of alkaline-hydrolyzed PET fabrics depending on their weight loss. The results are as follows: 1. By adding CTAB in aqueous NaOH, the weight loss of PET fabric is increased remarkably and until the concentration of CTAB is reached at its cmc, and the higher the concentration of CTAB are, the more weight loss on PET fibrics are. 2. The addition of CTAB in aqueous NaOH is most effective at lower NaON concentration(2%) among various NaOH concentration, on increasing the amount of weight loss, while there are almost similar results through various treatment time and temperature. 3. As the amount of weight of weight loss on PET fabric is increased, the increase of void space in the PET yarn, of softness & dyeability of PET fabric and the decrease of tensile strength are found. On the other hand, the moisture regain shows a little increase by alkaline-hydrolysis on PET fabric while vertical absorption test & water retention value are not sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between the hydrophillicity of untreated and treated PET fabric. The shrinkage of PET fabric is induced by swelling in hot aqueous NaOH regardless of NaOH concentration & addition of CTAB.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to evaluate a efficient w/v% barium suspension and w/v% sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC) for small bowel examination. Between november 2001 and june 2002, 370 patients were examined small bowel examination with oral administration of barium suspension mixed with SCMC. we classified into six groups including A(fine type 40% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC and 600 ml 0.5% SCMC administration), B(fine type 30% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), C(fine type 20% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), D(fine type 25% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), E(D mixed coarse type 25% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), F(D mixed coarse type 25% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.75% SCMC). We measured transparency rate of contrast media transit time, administration dose, viscosity and particle size. The transparency rate was higher then 80 kV and 90 kV in 100 kV in the same 20 mAs condition. Transit time was the fastest in A group(mean trans time 56 minutes) and the slowest in E group(mean 100 minutes), Administration dose was the smallest in A group(mean dose 541 ml and the most in E group(mean 1,100 ml), viscosity was the lowest in E(125.1 mpa/s) and the highest in A(375.5 mpa/s), and particle size was $1.0\;{\mu}m$ in A, B, C, and D group, $0.6\;{\mu}m,\;1.0\;{\mu}m,\;10.0\;{\mu}m$ in E, F group. In conclusion, we propose that the efficient condition for small examination is high voltage technique, high density $BaSO_4$, and 0.625% w/v SCMC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.348-354
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• 1994

The changes of surface activities in the aquaous solutions of mixed surfactants composed of linear sodium dodecylbenznesulfoate (LAS), polyoxyethylene nonyl phenylether (PE, EO=10) and polyethylene glycol monolauryl ether (LE, EO=25) have been studied. Addition of nonionic surfactants to LAS reduces the surface tension, especially at the lower concentration than cmc. The interfacial tension of olive oil/LAS was lower than the other surfactant solutions. The removal of triolein from cotton fabrics by nonionic surfactants and mixtures is higher than by LAS. The addition of NaCI to surfactant solutions even though reduces surface tension smaller but enthances oil removal more than that of $CaCl_2$.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

As the Internet grows and the mass multimedia data become popular, the storage system migrates from DAS, where the storage and the server are directly connected, to SAN and NAS. SAN connects the storages with a separate network, and NAS provides only file services, connects the storages with IP network. However, SAN and NAS can not fulfill the needs for companies if used separately, thus are asked to be integrated. In this research, we propose an efficient data sharing method which employees the concept of GMC, Croup Master Cache for the integrated environment of SAN and NAS. GMC is based on MCI, Metadata server and Cluster system Integration, but tries to solve the high expansion cost problem with MCI. We introduce the basic concept of GMC, compare the performance of GMC with that of MCI using computer simulation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.12
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• pp.33-41
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• 1969

1. Crude cellulase extracted from wheat bran media of Chaetomium globosum with pH 7.0 McIlvaine buffer was fractionated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and by treatment with the cellulose powder, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Amberite XE-65 (IRC-50) column chromatography. 2. Consquently two cellulases C-1 and C-2 were obtained by cellulose column chromatography. Cellulose C-1 was a powerful CMC-saccharifying and CMC-liquefying activity but cellulose C-2 was stronger CMC-liquefying activity compared to CMC-saccharifying activity and cellulase C-2 had smaller protein than that of cellulose C-1. And cellulose C-2 was fractionated by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography into cellulase C-1-1 and cellulose C-1-2. 3. It can be obtained, therefore, that cellulose produced Chaelomium globosum consisted, at least, of three cellulases C-2, C-1-1 and C-1-2. 4. Cellulose C-1-1 was homogenous in the ultraviolet and the ultracentrifuge pattern. And cellulose C-1-1 had enzyme for CMC-saccharifying activity. 5. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity of cellulose C-1-1 was 4.0 in any methods of meas urement reducing sugar and viscosity. The optimum temperature was $40^{\circ}C$ in any methods. 6. The pH stability of cellulase C-1-1 was within pH 5.0 to pH 6.0 at $40^{\circ}C$ and fairly stable in acidic solution. 7. The heat stability was below $50^{\circ}C$ at pH 4.0 and complete heat inactivation of this cellulase occurred at $70^{\circ}C$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.1 s.80
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• pp.68-76
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• 1997

For the purpose of utilizingcellulosesresources by cellulolytic enzymes of Trametes trogii, its cultural conditions for the production of cellulolytic enzymes in synthetic media were investigated. The optimum conditions for the production of cellulase by T. trogii in synthetic media were $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C,\;pH\;4.0{\sim}6.0,\;and\;11{\sim}15$ day's cultivation. Among the carbon sources, carboxymethyl cellulose was good for the production of avicelase and ${\beta}-glucosidase$, but cellulose was good for the production of CMCase. The optimum concentration of Na-CMC was 3% for the production of all the three cellulolytic enzymes. As the nitrogen source, $0.03{\sim}0.04%$ N as ammonium tartrate was effective for the production of the cellulases.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.307-311
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• 2005

Marine microorganisms to produce functional biopolymers were isolated from the seashore of the Kyungsang province. Microorganisms to hydrolyze carboxy-methyl cellulose(CMC) were cultured in marin broth and the other liquid medium that contained 2.0% (w/v) glucose, 0.25% yeast extract, 0.5% $K_2HPO_4$, 1% NaCl, 0.02% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and 0.06% $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ to investigate the ability to produce carboxymethyl cellululase (CMCase) under aerobic conditions. Twelve microorganisms among them showed higher activities of CMCase than B. amyloliquefaciens DL-3, which was known as a cellulase-producing strain. The microorganism showing highest activity of CMCase in this study was identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis with 16S rDNA partial sequencing and gyrase A partial sequencing and named as B. subtilis subsp. subtilis A-53.