• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1509-1519
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• 2011

The protective effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the antioxidant system under paraquat(PQ) stress was investigated in leaves of 8-week-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. PQ stress caused a decrease of leaf growth including leaf length, width and weight. Application of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), significantly alleviated PQ stress induced growth suppression. SNP permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue preventing chlorophyll content reduction and of higher quantum yield for photosystem II than in non-treated controls under PQ exposure, suggesting that NO has protective effect on chloroplast membrane in lettuce leaves. Flavonoids and anthocyanin were significantly accumulated in the leaves upon PQ exposure. However, the rapid increase of these compounds was alleviated in the SNP treated leaves. PQ treatment resulted in lipid peroxidation and induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in the leaves, while SNP prevented PQ induced increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and $H_2O_2$. These results demonstrate that SNP serves as an antioxidant agent able to scavenge $H_2O_2$ to protect plant cells from oxidative damage. The activities of two antioxidant enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in lettuce leaves in the presence of NO donor under PQ stress were higher than those under PQ stress alone. Application of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger, to the lettuce leaves arrested SNP mediated protective effect on leaf growth, photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant systems. However, PTIO had little effect on lettuce leaves under PQ stress compared with that of PQ stress alone. The obtained data suggest that the damage caused by PQ stress is in part due to increased generation of active oxygen by maintaining increased antioxidant enzyme activities and SNP protects plants from oxidative stress. From these results it is suggested that NO might act as a signal in activating active oxygen scavenging system that protects plants from oxidative damage induced by PQ stress and thus confer PQ tolerance.

• 복식
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• 제49권
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• pp.49-63
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• 1999

This research utilized the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDS) and the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry in the analysis of chemical elements present among the textiles exhumed from Kupori Hwasung-kun Kyunggi-do. The two research objectives were: first to examine the elements present and their percent presence in Kupori samples: second to investigate whether the elements are part of mordant substances which could have been used when dyeing the KUpori textiles in the past. To meet such research purposes standard silk fabric was dyed with Sophorajaponica using alum and iron mordants. For alum mordant unpurified general alum and potassium aluminum sulfate(AlK(SO4)2). iron sulfate(FeSO4·7H2O) were used, From the results of EDS and ICP-Mass analysis the following conclusions were drawn. 1 According to the EDS analysis 9 elements Ca, S, Al, Si, K, Fe, P, Mg and Na were detected. 2. ICP-Mass result of the mordant chemicas showed high amount of A, Al and k present in alum mordants and S and Fe present in iron mordants. 3. Comparison of the ICP-Mass results of the mordant chemicals and those of the standard dyed samples suggested that the amount presence of Al and Fe is a strong indication of the usage of alum and iron mordants respecticely in an unknown dyed textile. 4, In the washed Kupori textiles Fe showed a relatively higher rate of presence in the samples Therefore it can be conjectured that those Kupori textiles were dyed with iron mordant based on the result of the above number 3. 5. It is probable that the other elements detected from the Kupori samples were incorporated into the textiles as part of the soil debris produced from the degradation of the dead within the coffin or the earth debris. They can also be part of the inorganic compounds inherent in the silk textiles themselves before dyed. 6. Among the elements it is likely that Ca which showed a high degree of presence among the unwashed samples was part of the inorganic compound inferent in the silk textiles.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2014

Collagen pentapeptide (Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser, KTTKS) and its palmitoylated derivative (pal-KTTKS) have received a great deal of attention as cosmeceutical ingredients for their anti-wrinkle effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate stability and permeability of KTTKS and pal-KTTKS in hairless mouse skin. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the quantification of pal-KTTKS, and used for stability and permeability studies. Stability studies were performed using skin extracts and homogenates. Both KTTKS and pal-KTTKS were rapidly degraded, but pal-KTTKS was more stable than KTTKS. When protease inhibitors were added, the stability of both compounds (KTTKS and pal-KTTKS) improved significantly. In the skin permeation study, neither KTTKS nor pal-KTTKS was detected in the receptor solution, which indicates that neither compound could permeate through the full-thickness hairless mouse skin in the experimental conditions of this study. While KTTKS was not detected in any of the skin layers (the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis), pal-KTTKS was observed in all skin layers: $4.2{\pm}0.7{\mu}g/cm^2$ in the stratum corneum, $2.8{\pm}0.5{\mu}g/cm^2$ in the epidermis, and $0.3{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/cm^2$ in the dermis. In conclusion, this study indicated that pal-KTTKS had greater stability and permeability than that of un-modified KTTKS, and may be a useful anti-wrinkle and anti-aging cosmeceutical agent.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.610-616
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• 1997

낙동강에서 채취한 남조류 Microcystis로부터 간독성물질이자 protein phosphatase 1과 2A의 강력한 억제제인 microcystin-LR과 microcystin-RR을 분리하였다. 이들 물질의 독성과 구조와의 관계들을 알아보기 위하여 몇가지 유도체들을 합성하여 독성실험을 하였다. Glu와 MeAsp의 카르복실기를 에스테르화할 경우 독성을 잃어버리는 것을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 Mdha 잔기의 이중결합을 $NaBH_4$로 환원하여 Ala잔기로 전환한 경우에는 독성을 그대로 유지하였고 또한 microcystin-LR의 Arg잔기의 guanidyl기를 dimethylpyrimidyl기로 변환한 경우에도 독성에는 크게 영향을 주지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 2개의 카르복실기는 microcystin이 독성을 나타내는데 아주 중요한 역할을 하는 반면에, Mdha 및 Arg잔기의 존재는 큰 역할을 하지 않는 것으로 여겨진다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3795-3802
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• 2012

Cochinchina momordica seeds (CMS) have been widely used due to antitumor activity by Mongolian tribes of China. However, the details of the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we found that an EtOAc (ethyl ester) extract of CMS (CMSEE) induced differentiation and caused growth inhibition of melanoma B16 F1 cells. CMSEE at the concentration of $5-200{\mu}g/ml$ exhibited strongest anti-proliferative effects on B16 F1 cells among other CMS fractions (water or petroleum ether). Moreover, CMSEE induced melanoma B16 F1 cell differentiation, characterized by dendrite-like outgrowth, increasing melanogenesis production, as well as enhancing tyrosinase activity. Western blot analysis showed that sustained phosphorylation of p38 MAP accompanied by decrease in ERK1/2 and JNK dephosphorylation were involved in CMSEE-induced B16 F1 cell differentiation. Notably, 6 compounds that were isolated and identified may be responsible for inducing differentiation of CMSEE. These results indicated that CMSEE contributes to the differentiation of B16 F1 cells through modulating MAPKs activity, which may throw some light on the development of potentially therapeutic strategies for melanoma treatment.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.586-591
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• 2001

This research investigated the feasibility of the accelerated carbonation of cement waste forms with carbon dioxide in a supercritical state. Hydraulic cement has been used as a main solidification matrix for the immobilization of radioactive and/or hazardous wastes. As a result of the hydration reaction for major compounds of portland cement, portlandite (Ca(OH)$_2$) is present in the hydrated cement waste form. The chemical durability of a cement form is expected to increase by converting portlandite to the less soluble calcite (CaCO$_3$). For a faster reaction of portlandite with carbon dioxide, SCCD (supercritical carbon dioxide) rather than gaseous $CO_2$, in ambient pressure is used. The cement forms fabricated with an addition of slated lime or Na-bentonite were cured under ambient conditions for 28days and then treated with SCCD in an autoclave maintained at 34$^{\circ}C$ and 80atm. After SCCD treatment, the physicochemical properties of cement matrices were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of accelerated carbonation reaction. Conversion of parts of portlandite to calcite by the carbonation reaction with SCCD was verified by XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis and the composition of portlandite and calcite was estimated using thermogravimetric (TG) data. After SCCD treatment, tile cement density slightly increased by about 1.5% regardless of the SCCD treatment time. The leaching behavior of cement, tested in accordance with an ISO leach test method at 7$0^{\circ}C$ for over 300 days, showed a proportional relationship to the square root of the leaching time, so the major leaching mechanism of cement matrix was diffusion controlled. The cumulative fraction leached (CFL) of calcium decreased by more than 50% after SCCD treatment. It might be concluded that the enhancement of the characteristics of a cement matrix by an accelerated carbonation reaction with SCCD is possible to some extent.

• 청정기술
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2006

저압에서 용량성 라디오 주파수 방전을 이용하여 메탄을 합성가스로 전환시키는 반응을 고찰하였다. 플라즈마에서 발생된 높은 에너지를 갖는 전자들이 메탄분자와 산소를 함유하고 있는 기체 분자들과 충돌에 의해 합성가스로 전환되었다. 입력전력, 함산소화합물의 종류, 함산소화합물과 메탄의 조성이 메탄 전환율 및 수소와 일산화탄소의 수율에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 메탄 전환율은 최대 100%이었으며, 합성가스이외의 다른 화합물들은 거의 생성되지 않았다. 입력전력이 증가함에 따라 메탄전환율과 합성가스의 수율이 증가하였으며, 함산소화합물의 종류에 따라 각각 다른 조성의 합성가스를 생성할 수 있었다. 메탄과 함산소화합물을 함께 반응시킴으로써 순수한 합성가스를 제조할 수 있었는데 함산소화합물의 종류에 따라 합성가스의 조성을 조절할 수 있었으며 불순물이 거의 없는 순수한 생성물을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.439-452
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• 1994

One of the chlorofluorocarbon compounds. R-12 deplete atmospheric ozone. It leads to international agreement to reduce CFC production. R-134a has similar thermodynamic properties to CFC-12. It has zero ODP(Ozone Depletion Potential). This Paper focuses on the lubricating oils for using with R-134a PAGs(Polyalkylene Glycol's) and esters are primary lubricants that are now being tested for use with R-134a Because of extreme polarity of R-134a. there are many problems in the selection of lubricating oil. This investigation analyzes compressor working conditions and calculates wear parts friction for simulation testing. Miscibility and material compatibility is proved by sealed glass tests. Friction was tested on the closed type pin on disk wear tester. This equipment simulates actual refrigerating compressor. Environment controlled test made more reliable result than field test Conventional oils(mineral oils, Alkylbenzene, PAO(Polyalpha Olefin) are immiscible with R-134a. PAGs and ester oils are miscible with R-134a. Friction coefficient is similar to conventional system(mineral oil/R-12 systems) at operating condition. At start & stop condition, PAGs/R-134a system has high friction coefficient. It provide reliable result on the lubricity, miscibility, material compatibility of R-134a with these new lubricants. It suggests proper selection of refrigeration oil that may improve compressor durability of performance.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.78-81
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• 2006

Mad-honey poisoning is mainly brought about by the honey imported from Napal, Turkey, Brazil and other parts of Europe. This mad honey is extracted from Ericaceae plants of Rhododendron species and contains grayanotoxins that causes poisoning. These toxic compounds exert a specific stimulatory action on membrane permeability to Na+ions in various excitable tissues and cause depolarization of cell membranes. The toxic effects of grayanotoxins contained honey are mainly cardiovascular disturbances with bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, hypotension. There are Other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, salivation, dizziness, weakness and loss of consciousness. The precise amount for a toxic dose is not known. In general the severity of the honey poisoning depends on the amount ingested. Two cases of mad-honey poisoning are described here. Both patients showed bradycardia and arterial hypotension after ingestion of honey which was brought from Nepal. They were recovered fully within 24 hours after administration of fluids and atropine sulphate.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2020

본 연구는 해양자원정보시스템의 '해양갈조식물자원'에서 표준화된 갈조류 10종을 분양 받아 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드 및 총 항산화능력을 비교한 연구이다. 10종의 갈조류 중 총 폴리페놀이 높은 갈조류는 넓패, 개미역쇠, 그리고 검둥모자반이였으며, 이들 중 넓패와 검둥모자반은 총 플라보노이드 및 항산화능력도 다른 갈조류와 비교하여 유의적으로 높은 능력을 보였다. 또한, 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, 총 항산화능력 간의 상관관계 조사를 통하여 총 플라보노이드보다 총 폴리페놀 함량이 해조류의 총 항산화능력에 연관성이 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 넓패 및 검둥모자반은 높은 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드를 함유하는 갈조류 기능성 식품 소재로의 가능성을 보여주었다. 또한, 이 연구의 자료는 국내 자생하는 갈조류의 생리활성물질과 기능성연구에 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것이다.