• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.2 s.46
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• pp.131-139
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• 2007

This paper proposed a multi-resolution algorithm. Its search point and complexity were compared with those of block match algorithm. Also the speed up comparison was made with the block match algorithm. The proposed multi-resolution NTSS-3 Level algorithm was compared again with its targets, TSS-3 Level algorithm and NTSS algorithm. The comparison results showed that the NTSS-3 Level algorithm was superior in search point and speed up. Accordingly, the proposed NTSS-3 Level algorithm was two to three times better in search point and two to four times better in complexity calculation than those of the compared object, the block match algorithm. In speed up, the proposed NTSS-3 Level algorithm was two times better. Accordingly, the proposed multi-resolution NTSS-3 Level algorithm showed PSNR ration portion excellency in search point and speed up.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.6
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• pp.633-644
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• 2004

In this paper, we notice that the original NTSS algorithm can be proposed as the NTSS-3 Level algorithm by the multi-resolution technique. The fast block matching algorithm affects the speed by the patten combination and this paper proposes the block matching algorithm in different levels by multi-resolution technique, quite different from the original NTSS Patten. The block matching algorithm requires the multi-candidate to reduce the occurrence of low-image quality by the local minima problem. The simulation result compared to FS shows search speed 16 times quicker, and the PSNR 0.11-0.12［dB］ gets improved Image quality compared to the original fast block matching algorithm NTSS, and the speed is improved up to 0.1 times for improved image by the search point portion.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2010

During a last decade, there have been considerable reports of novel thread-like structures (NTSs) in animals. The NTSs are thought to be a part of the Bonghan Ducts (BHD) system, which is described as a newly-discovered circulatory system. Networks of BHD system are completely different from blood vessels or lymphatic system in animal. To demonstrate intravascular NTSs, it is necessary to develop the effective method to observe the NTSs morphology. We considered several methods to study morphologically with NTSs. There are not explaining such structure in the current knowledge of anatomy and physiology. But we found very effective and easy method to study NTSs and BHD by agar-mediated embedding method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.1 s.307
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• pp.75-84
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• 2006

With considering center-biased characteristic, NTSS(New Three-Step Search Algorithm) can improve the performance of TSS(Three-Step Search Algorithm) which is one of the most popular fast block matching algorithms(BMA) to search a motion vector in a video sequence. Although NTSS has generally better Quality than TSS for a small motion sequence, it is hard to say that NTSS can provide better quality than TSS for a large motion sequence. It even deteriorates the quality to increase a search window size using NTSS. In order to address this drawback, this paper aims to develop a new adaptive window size-based three step search scheme, called AWTSS, which can improve quality at various window sizes in both the small and the large motion video sequences. In this scheme, the search window size is dynamically changed to improve coding efficiency according to the characteristic of motion vectors. AWTSS can improve the video quality more than 0.5dB in case of large motion with keeping the same quality in case of small motion.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.146-155
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this descriptive study was to explore the relationship between non-technical skills (NTSs) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance of nurses' teams in simulated cardiac arrest in the hospital. Methods: The sample was 28 teams of nurses in one university hospital located in Seoul. A high fidelity simulator was used to enact simulated cardiac arrest. The nurse teams were scored by raters using both the CPR performance checklist and the NTSs checklist. Specifically the CPR performance checklist included critical actions; time elapsed to initiation of critical actions, and quality of cardiac compression. The NTSs checklist was comprised of leadership, communication, mutual performance monitoring, maintenance of guideline, and task management. Data were collected directly from manikin and video recordings. Results: There was a significant difference between the medians of the NTSs and CPR performance (Mann Whitney U=43.5, p=.014). In five subcategories, communication (p=.026), mutual performance monitoring (p=.005), and maintenance of guideline (p=.003) differed significantly with CPR performance in medians. Leadership (p=.053) and task management (p=.080) were not significantly different with CPR performance. Conclusion: The findings indicate that NTSs of teams in addition to technical skills of individual rescuers affect the outcome of CPR. NTSs development and assessment should be considered an integral part of resuscitation training.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.451-453
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• 2004

NTSS(New Three-Step Search Algorithm)는 대표적인 Fast BMA(Block Matching 시gorithm)인 TSS(Three-Step Search Algorithm)에 중앙 편향적(Center-Biased) 특성을 고려하여 향상시킨 방법이다. 그러나 NTSS는 움직임이 작은 영상인 경우에는 TSS보다 개선된 성능을 보여주지만, 움직임이 큰 영상에 대해서는 TSS와 큰 차이가 없으며 탐색영역이 커질수록 오히려 성능이 떨어지는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 움직임 벡터의 특성에 맞는 탐색영역을 적용시킴으로써 탐색영역의 증가로 발생되는 NTSS의 단점을 보완하여 움직임이 큰 영상에 대해서도 향상된 성능을 갖는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법을 적용 하였을때 움직임이 작은 영상에서는 기존의 방법과 동등한 결과를 얻었으며 움직임이 큰 영상에서는 최고 0.5db이상 성능이 개선되었다.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1115-1122
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• 2000

기존의 블록 정합 알고리즘인 FS(Full Search) 알고리즘은 정확한 움직임 벡터를 구할 수 있으나 요구되는 계산량이 많다. 반면에 국부 탐색을 하는 고속 블록 정합 알고리즘은 FS보다 빠른 탐색을 할 수 있으나 FS 보다 정합 오차가 크다. 본 연구는 전역탐색을 하는 유전자 알고리즘에 빠른 탐색을 하는 블록 정합 알고리즘인 NTSS(New Three Ste Search)알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서 각 염색체는 움직임 벡터를 표현하며 초기 염색체는 탐색 공간의 중심 탐색점 가까이에 고정적으로 발생시키고 각 염색체는 MSE(Mean Square Error)값으로 평가된다. 평가된 염색체 중 작은 MSE값을 가지는 염색체가 NTSS의 탐색점 수만큼 다음 세대의 탐색점으로 선택된다. 선택된 염색체는 세대를 거치면서 돌연변이 연산과 교배연산이 행해지고 이 때 돌연변이 연산의 크기는 NTSS의 탐색 단계 크기가 된다. 제안한 세대 수 만큼 반복 후 최소의 MSE 값을 가지는 유전자가 해당 블록의 움직임 벡터가 된다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안한 방법을 가장 우수한 성능을 가지는 FS와 유사한 MSE 값을 얻을 수 있었고 동시에 FS에서 요구되는 계산량에 비해 많은 계산량을 줄일 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of simulation-based training (SBT) for basic life support (BLS) utilizing video-assisted debriefing (VAD) about non-technical skills (NTSs) and technical skills (TSs). The goal of the proposed study is the evaluation of a teaching method about the correct application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods: The study design was a control group pre- and post-test non-synchronized experimental design. The sample included twelve teams of 36 nursing students. Both the experimental and the control groups received the SBT for BLS. Only the experimental groups received VAD where as the control groups had a verbal debriefing. Raters who used checklists for TSs and NTSs evaluated both groups. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 20.0 using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Mann-Whitney U test and Willcoxon signed rank test. Results: The experimental groups scored higher than the control groups in both TSs (p=.004) and the NTSs (p=.008). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that NTSs are an important factor that lead CPR successfully, so VAD can be used as an efficient teaching-learning strategy in the SBT for BLS for nursing students and nurses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.12
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• pp.63-68
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• 1998

We present a fast adaptive block matching algorithm using characteristic of the motion vector distribution. In the presented method, the block is classified into one of four motion categories: stationary block, quasi-stationary block, medium-motion block or high-motion block according to characteristic of the MAD(0,0) distribution for motion vector, each block estiamtes the motion vector adaptively. By the simulation, the PSNR of our algorithm is similar to NTSS method. The computation amount of the presented method decreased 30.44% ~ 40.27% more than NTSS method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.53-56
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• 2005

NTSS(New Three-Step Search Algorithm)는 대표적인 Fast BMA(Block Matching Algorithm)인 TSS(Three-Step Search Algorithm)에 중앙 편향적(Center-Biased) 특성을 고려하여 향상시킨 방법이다. 그러나 NTSS는 움직임이 작은 영상인 경우에는 TSS보다 개선된 성능을 보여주지만, 움직임이 큰 영상에 대해서는 TSS와 큰 차이가 없으며 탐색영역이 커질수록 오히려 성능이 떨어지는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 움직임 벡터의 특성에 맞는 탐색영역을 적용시킴으로써 탐색영역의 증가로 발생되는 NTSS의 단점을 보완하여 움직임이 큰 영상에 대해서도 향상된 성능을 갖는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법을 적용 하였을 때 움직임이 작은 영상에서는 기존의 방법과 동일한 결과를 얻었으며 움직임이 큰 영상에서는 최고 0.5dB이상 성능이 개선되었다.