• 약학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1998

The antiparkinsonian agent l-deprenyl, a selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor, is metabolized in part to l-methamphetamine and l-amphetamine. l< /I>-Deprenyl was evaluated for amphetamine and methamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects in rats and its mechanism of action was investigated. Rats were trained under a 5-response, fixed ratio schedule of stimulus-shock termination or a 10-response. Fixed-ratio schedule of food-presentation which discriminate between d-amphetamine (1mg/kg, i.p.) and saline or d-methamphetamine (1mg/kg, i.p.) and saline in a two-lever, operant conditioning procedure. Full generalization was obtained to d-amphetamine (1~3mg/kg). d-methamphetamine (1~3mg/kg) and l-deprenyl (17~30mg/kg) under both the food presentation and stimulus shock termination schedule. l-Deprenyl has dose-dependent amphetamine-and methamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus properties in rats only at doses of 17 and 30mg/kg. Reversible MAO-B inhibitor, RO 16-6491 didn`t show any amphetamine-like discriminative properties. Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, NSD 1015 decreased % responding of l-deprenyl in the methamphetamine-trained rats under the stimulus-shock termination schedule. SKF-525A produced partial inhibition of methamphetamine-like discriminative effects of l-deprenyl under the food presentation schedule. These results suggest that l-deprenyl has no abuse liability at the therapeutic range but there needs some caution at high doses and furthermore, drug discrimination studies under the food presentation and shock termination schedule are useful for the assessment of abuse liability of psychostimulants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2009

This study reports on the geometry optimizations and electronic structure calculations for methyl pyropheophorbide (MPPa), tropolonyl methyl pyropheophorbides (TMPPa, ITMPPa), and cationic tropolonyl methyl pyropheophorbides ($TMPPa^+{{\cdot}BF_4}^-,\;ITMPPa^+{{\cdot}BF_4}^-,\;TMPPa^+,\;and\;ITMPPa^+$) using Local Spin Density Approximation (LSDA/ 6-31G*) and the Restricted Hatree-Fock (RHF/6-31G*) level theory. From the calculated results, we found that substituted cationic tropolonyl groups have larger structural effects than those of substituted neutral tropolonyl groups. The order of structural change effects is $ITMPPa^+ > ITMPPa^+{{\cdot}BF_4}^-$ > ITMPPa, as a result of the isopropyl group. Because it is an electron-releasing group, the substituted isopropyl group electronic effect on a 3-position tropolone increases the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy gap. It was constituted that the larger the cationic characters of these photosensitizers, the smaller the HOMOLUMO band gaps are. The orbital energies of the cationic systems and the ions are stronger than those of a neutral system because of a strong electrostatic interaction. However, this stabilization of orbital energies are counteracted by the distortion of chlorin macrocycle, which results in a large destabilization of chlorin-based compound HOMOs and smaller destabilization of LUMOs as shown in TMPPa (ITMPPa), $TMPPa^+{{\cdot}BF_4}^- (ITMPPa^+{{\cdot}BF_4}^-),\;and\;TMPPa^+\;(ITMPPa^+)$ of Figure 6 and Table 6-7. These results are in reasonable agreement with normal-coordinate structural decomposition (NSD) results. The HOMO-LUMO gap is an important factor to consider in the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT).

• Journal of KIEE
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2001

The addressing time should be reduced by modifying cell structure and/or driving method in order to replace the dual scan system by single scan and increase the luminance in large ac plasma display panel(PDP). In this paper, the effects of the dielectric layer thickness and the barrier rib height on the addressing time of ac PDP are investigated. It is found out that the addressing time was decreased with decreasing thickness of dielectric layer on the front glass and thickness of white dielectric layer on the rear glass. The decreasing rate were 160ns/10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 270nsd/10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. Also in case of decreasing the height of barrier rib, addressing time was decreased at the rate of 550ns/10${\mu}m$.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.229-229
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• 2015

Downscaling is a fundamental procedure in the assessment of the future climate change impact at regional and watershed scales. Hence, it is important to investigate the spatial variability of the climate conditions that are constructed by various downscaling methods in order to assess whether each method can model the climate conditions at various spatial scales properly. This study introduces a fundamental research from Jang and Kavvas(2015) that precipitation variability from a popular statistical downscaling method (BCSD) and a dynamical downscaling method (MM5) that is based on the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data for a historical period and on the CCSM3 GCM A1B emission scenario simulations for a projection period, is investigated by means of some spatial characteristics: a) the normalized standard deviation (NSD), and b) the precipitation change over Northern California region. From the results of this study it is found that the BCSD method has limitations in projecting future precipitation values since the BCSD-projected precipitation, being based on the interpolated change factors from GCM projected precipitation, does not consider the interactions between GCM outputs and local geomorphological characteristics such as orographic effects and land use/cover patterns. As such, it is not clear whether the popular BCSD method is suitable for the assessment of the impact of future climate change at regional, watershed and local scales as the future climate will evolve in time and space as a nonlinear system with land-atmosphere feedbacks. However, it is noted that in this study only the BCSD procedure for the statistical downscaling method has been investigated, and the results by other statistical downscaling methods might be different.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.218-233
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 Pusan National University Coupled General Circulation Model-Weather Research and Forecasting (PNU CGCM-WRF)에서 생산된 hindcast 자료(1986~2020)를 이용하여 우리나라의 주요 곡물 중 하나인 콩의 생육단계별 고온해 및 저온해 발생일수의 예측성을 평가하였다. 예측성을 평가하는 방법으로는 Normalized Standard Deviations (NSD), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Hit Rate (HR), Heidke Skill Score (HSS)이다. 이를 위해 먼저 콩의 고온해 및 저온해를 정의하는 변수인 일 최고기온(Tmax) 및 일 최저기온(Tmin)의 모의성능을 검증하였다. 그 결과 1~5월(01RUN~05RUN)의 초기조건을 가지고 시작하는 월에 따라 다소 차이가 있지만, Variance Scaling 방법을 적용하여 보정한 결과가 보정전보다 관측과 유사하게 나타났으며, 보정한 3~10월의 Tmax 및 Tmin에 대한 모의성능은 전반적으로 01RUN~05RUN에 Simple Composite Method (SCM)을 적용하여 평균한 결과(ENS)에서 높게 나타났다. 또한, 콩의 생육시기별 고온해 및 저온해 발생일수의 지역적 패턴과 특성을 관측과 비교하였을 때 모형이 잘 모의하고 있다. ENS에서 콩의 고온해(저온해)에 대한 HR과 HSS는 생육시기 별로 0.45~0.75, 0.02~0.10(0.49~0.76, -0.04~0.11)의 범위를 가진다. 결론적으로, PNU CGCM-WRF chain의 01RUN~05RUN 및 ENS는 우리나라 콩의 생육시기별 고온해 및 저온해를 예측할 수 있는 성능을 가지고 있다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.982-992
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• 2024

Objective: Jining Grey goat is a local Chinese goat breed that is well known for its high fertility and excellent meat quality but shows low meat production performance. Numerous studies have focused on revealing the genetic mechanism of its high fertility, but its highlighting meat quality and muscle growth mechanism still need to be studied. Methods: In this research, an integrative analysis of the genomics and transcriptomics of Jining Grey goats compared with Boer goats was performed to identify candidate genes and pathways related to the mechanisms of meat quality and muscle development. Results: Our results overlap among five genes (ABHD2, FN1, PGM2L1, PRKAG3, RAVER2) and detected a set of candidate genes associated with fatty acid metabolism (PRKAG3, HADHB, FASN, ACADM), amino acid metabolism (KMT2C, PLOD3, NSD2, SETDB1, STT3B, MAN1A2, BCKDHB, NAT8L, P4HA3) and muscle development (MSTN, PPARGC1A, ANKRD2). Several pathways have also been detected, such as the FoxO signaling pathway and Apelin signaling pathway that play roles in lipid metabolism, lysine degradation, N-glycan biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation that involving with amino acid metabolism. Conclusion: The comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of Jining Grey goat and Boer goat revealed the mechanisms underlying the meat quality and meat productive performance of goats. These results provide valuable information for future breeding of goats.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 1991

1979년부터 1987년까지 서울대학교 병원에서 상기도에 국한된 다형성 세망증으로 근치적 방사선치료를 받은 33명의 환자의 치료성적을 분석하였다. 발열, 체중감소, 도한등의 전신적 증상은 대상 환자중 $48\%$에서 나타났으며 침윤병소로는 비강이 $85\%$로 가장 많았고 븐비동 및 구개부가 각각 $33\%$와 $30\%$이었다. 전체 환자의 5년 및 10년 생존율은 각각 $47\%$와 $40\%$이었다. 방사선 조사야 내에서 재발한 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우간의 방사선 선량 차이는 통계학적으로 유의하였으며 조사야 경계부위에서 재발한 경우는 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해서 조사야 면적이 작았다. 추적 관찰 기간중 악성 임파종 4예, 골수 세망증 1예 등의 전신적 전이가 확인되었다. 따라서 방사선 치료를 시행하여 다형성 세망증의 국소 치료율은 향상시키기 위해서는 최소 4,500 cGy의 선량과 병소주위의 조직을 충분히 포함하는 조사야를 사용해야 하며 전신적 전이를 효과적으로 치료할 화학요법 면에서의 개선이 필요하다고 판단된다.