• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

Biological control of thrips with Orius strigicollis Poppius was evaluated in a hot pepper greenhouse. To study the biological control strategy of thrips on hot pepper grown in greenhouse, three plots were established: natural enemy removed plot(CNT), pesticide treated plot(PAT) and O. strigicollis released plot with no pesticide application (NRT). The nymphs of O. strigicollis were found on the leaves of lower stratum in CNT and NRT at 13 days after the first release. The density of thrips was suddenly dropped and maintained at low level since 15 day after transplanting in NRT. The densities of thrips on hot pepper flowers was also maintained at much less level in NRT than in CNT. The thrips and O. strigicollis, which were aggregated in flowers, may have resulted in improved predator searching. Average damage indices of CNT, PAT and NRT were 0.31, 0.05 and 0.08 and the percentage of damaged fruit were 80.0, 17.1 and 24.8% respectively. The damage index and percentage of damaged fruit of NRT was slightly higher than PAT, but very lower than CNT. The introduction of the adults of O. strigicollis, which was the biological control agent for the control of thrips, was effective on hot pepper.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2014

The Notched Ring Test(NRT) has proven to be very useful in determining the slow crack growth behavior of polyethylene pressure pipes. In particular, the test is simple and an order of magnitude shorter in experimental times as compared to the currently used Notched Pipe Test(NPT), which makes this method attractive for use as the accelerated slow crack growth test. In addition, since the NRT specimen is taken directly from the pipe, having maintained the cross-section, processing induced artifacts that would affect the slow crack growth behavior are not altered. This makes the direct comparison to the slow crack growth specimen in pipe from more meaningful. In this study, for comparison with other available slow crack growth methods, including the NPT, the stress intensity factor equation for NRT specimen was developed and demonstrated of its accuracy within 3% of that obtained from the finite element analysis. The equation was derived using a flexure formula of curved beam bending along with numerically determined geometric factors. The accuracy of the equation was successfully tested on 63, 110, 140, 160, 250, and 400 mm nominal pipe diameters, with crack depth ranging from 15 % to 45 % of the pipe wall thickness, and for standard dimensional ratio(SDR) of 9, 11, and 13.6. Using this equation the slow crack results from 110SDR11 NRT specimen were compared to that from the NPT specimen, which demonstrated that the NRT specimen was equivalent to the NPT specimen in creating the slow crack, however in much shorter experimental times.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of newly marketed NRT instruments to maintain the original root canal configuration and curvature during preparation in comparison with the three existing instruments in simulated root canals. Simulated canals in resin blocks were prepared with ProFile. K3, ProTaper and NRT instrument (n = 10 canals in each case). Pre- and post-operative images were recorded, and assessment of canal shape was completed with a computer image analysis program. The data were analyzed statistically using the One-way ANOVA followed by Duncan s test. The ability or instruments to remain centered in prepared canals at 1-, 2-mm levels was significantly better in ProFile groups than in other groups (p < 0.05). The change of centering ratio in NRT groups at 5-mm level was significantly greater than ProFile group and at 6- and 7-mm level than all other groups (p < 0.05). Although the NRT system was comparable to other systems in regards to its ability to maintain the canal configuration of apical portion, this system was more influenced by the mid-root curvature due to its stainless-steel files for coronal preflaring.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2002

Biological control of thrips with a predatory bug species, Orius sauteri Poppius, was evaluated in an eggplant greenhouse, To study the biological control strategy of thrips. three Plots were established: Orius sauteri released plot without pesticide treatment (NRT), pesticide treated plot (PAT), and natural enemy removed plot (RNT) The nymphs of O. sauteri were found on the upper side of leaves in NRT at 21 days after the first release of O. sauteri. The density of thrips were dropped and maintained at lower level in NRT than in RNT. Average damage index of NRT, PAT and RNT was 1.35, 1.21 and 2.90 and the percentage of damaged fruit ratio of those was 70.3, 68.6 and 99.0%, respectively. The damage index and percentage of damaged fruit in NRT were slightly higher than those of PAT, but much lower than in RNT. Taylor's band Iwao's $\beta$ were greater than 1 for both populations. indicating aggregated distribution. Spatial coincidence index of O. sauteri was high most of the time even at low densities of both populations. The refuge index for thrips decreased as O. sauteri density increased. Results of this study suggest that O. sauteri is a promising natural enemy for thrips control on eggplant.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 2007

In the paper, one focuses on the problem of duality in non-linear programming, applied to the solution of no-tension problems by means of Limit Analysis (LA) theorems for Not Resisting Tension (NRT) models. In details, one demonstrates that, starting from the application of the duality theory to the non-linear program defined by the static theorem approach for a discrete NRT model, this procedure results in the definition of a dual problem that has a significant physical meaning: the formulation of the kinematic theorem.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.719-724
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• 2014

During the development process of a thermal-hydraulic system code, a non-regression test (NRT) must be performed repeatedly in order to prevent software regression. The NRT process, however, is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Thus, automation of this process is an ideal solution. In this study, we have developed a program to support an efficient NRT for the SPACE code and demonstrated its usability. This results in a high degree of efficiency for code development. The program was developed using the Visual Basic for Applications and designed so that it can be easily customized for the NRT of other computer codes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2005

HPI system provides 1-3 Mbps data transmission speed to terminals moving up to 60 km/sec. Since HPI supports rtPS, nrtPS, and BE services requiring different QoS, it needs an efficient scheduling method based on those different QoSs. This paper suggests an uplink scheduling method which gives priority to services in the order of rtPS, nrtPS and BE services but which reserves some bandwidth for the low priority services before it allocates the bandwidth to higher priority services. Simulation results show that it can improve the uplink performance by reserving mean transmission rate to each nrtPS terminal and by reserving bandwidth, which amounts to about 1.5 times the mean transmission rate of the whole BE terminals, to the whole BE terminals.

• Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.194-199
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• 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the number of remaining natural teeth (NRT) and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in older adults. Methods: This study was based on data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys. The participants were 2,378 older participants (984 men and 1,394 women) aged over 65 years. Survey dentists conducted oral health examinations, and ASM was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The participants with $NRT{\geq}20$ had more ASM and SMI than those with NRT<20 in both sexes. SMI was correlated with NRT in men (r=0.018, p<0.001) and in women (r=-0.007, p<0.001). The positive correlation between the NRT and SMI remained significant in men even after adjusting for age, marital status, income, smoking, drinking, physical activity, protein intake, energy intake, calcium intake, body mass index, fasting blood glucose level, medications, and prostheses (${\beta}=0.011$, p=0.001). In women, the correlation disappeared after adjustment for smoking, alcohol, physical activity, protein intake, energy intake, calcium intake, marital status, income, fasting basal glucose, medication administration, and prostheses. Conclusion: This study showed a correlation between NRT and SMI in those ${\geq}65$ years of age in Korea. The relationship persisted in men, but not in women, even after adjusting for confounders.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.35-47
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• 2011

A present experimental broadcasting is service compatible to delivery left view and right view of a dual stream for backward compatible with 2D device. It has a limitation of quality for a transmission of dual stream in terrestrial bandwidth 19 Mbps. This paper proposes adjunct terrestrial-3D broadcasting system which can provide a stable quality beyond a limitation of quality from fixed bandwidth. It proposes the system that composes a high quality stereoscopic video through synchronizing Real time broadcasting and Non Real Time broadcasting Regardless of the terrestrial bandwidth. So this paper tries to analyze each technique of Real-Time broadcasting and NRT broadcasting, and verify this proposal through the technique of an algorithm that we can implement NRT adjunct high quality 3DTV system and the experiments.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distributions of NiTi rotary instruments based on their cross-sectional geometries of triangular shape-based cross-sectional design, S-shaped cross-sectional design and modified rectangular shape-based one using 3D FE models. NiTi rotary files of S-shaped and modified rectangular design of cross-section such as Mtwo or NRT showed larger stress change while file rotation during simulated shaping. The stress of files with rectangular cross-section design such as Mtwo, NRT was distributed as an intermittent pattern along the long axis of file. On the other hand, the stress of files with triangular cross-section design was distributed continuously. When the residual stresses which could increase the risk of file fatigue fracture were analyzed after their withdrawal. the NRT and Mtwo model also presented higher residual stresses. From this result, it can be inferred that S-shaped and modified rectangular shape-based files were more susceptible to file fracture than the files having triangular shape-based one.