• 제목/요약/키워드: NP ratio

검색결과 101건 처리시간 0.024초

$CaO-P_2O_5-SiO_2$계 유리의 물성 (Properties of $CaO-P_2O_5-SiO_2$ Glasses)

  • 조정식;김철영
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.289-298
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    • 1993
  • Properties in terms of the variation of the glass compositions, which were density (p), molar volume(Vm), atom/ion packing density (Dp), refractive index (nD), transformation temperature (Tg), dilatometric softening point (Td), thermal expansion coefficient (α), Young's modulus (E), and knoop hardness (KHN) were investigated in CaO-SiO2 glasses and CaO-P2O5-SiO2 glasses containing less than 10mole% of P2O5. Those properties were measured by density measurement kit, Abbe refractometer, dilatometer, ultrasonic pulse echo equipment, and micro hardness tester. When CaO content was increased in CaO-SiO2 glasses, p, Dp, nD, Tg, Td, α, E and KHN were increased, while Vm was decreased. When P2O5 was added to the CaO-SiO2 glasses with constant CaO/SiO2 ratio as 1.07, p, Dp, nD, Tg, Td, α, E and KHN were decreased, while Vm was increased. When the amount of P2O5 in glasses was kept constant, the changes of the properties with variation of CaO content in the CaO-P2O5-SiO2 glasses were very similar to those of CaO-SiO2 glasses. These phenomena could be explained by the structural role of P2O5 in the CaO-P2O5-SiO2 glasses, which was polymerization of siicate structures and resulted in [PO4] monomer structure in glasses. Due to this structural characteristics, the bond strength and packing density were changed with compositions. Proportional relationships between 1) np and Dp, 2) Tg, Td, α and CaO content, 3) E and Vm-1, and 4) KHN and P2O5 content were evaluated in this investigation.

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Gene Cloning, Purification, and Characterization of a Cold-Adapted Lipase Produced by Acinetobacter baumannii BD5

  • Park, In-Hye;Kim, Sun-Hee;Lee, Yong-Seok;Lee, Sang-Cheol;Zhou, Yi;Kim, Cheol-Min;Ahn, Soon-Cheol;Choi, Yong-Lark
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.128-135
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    • 2009
  • Acinetohacter baumannii BD5 was isolated from waters of Baek-du mountain, and the lipase gene was cloned using a PCR technique. The deduced amino acid sequence of the lipase and lipase chaperone were found to encode proteins of 325 aa and 344 aa with a molecular mass of 35 kDa and 37 kDa, respectively. The lipase gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(trxB) as an inclusion body, which was subsequently solubilized by urea, and then purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. After being purified, the lipase was refolded by incubation at $4^{\circ}C$ in the presence of a 1:10 molar ratio of lipase:chaperone. The maximal activity of the refolded lipase was observed at a temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.3 when p-NP caprate(C10) was used as a substrate; however, 28% of the activity observed at $35^{\circ}C$ was still remaining at $0^{\circ}C$. The stability of the purified enzyme at low temperatures indicates that it is a cold-adapted enzyme. The refolded lipase was activated by $Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;and\;Mn^{2+}$, whereas $Zn^{2+}\;and\;Cu^{2+}$ inhibited it. Additionally, 0.1% Tween 20 increased the lipase activity by 33%, but SDS and Triton X-100 inhibited the lipase activity by 40% and 70%, respectively.

Evaluation and Comparison of Nanocomposite Gate Insulator for Flexible Thin Film Transistor

  • 김진수;조성원;김도일;황병웅;이내응
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.278.1-278.1
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    • 2014
  • Organic materials have been explored as the gate dielectric layers in thin film transistors (TFTs) of backplane devices for flexible display because of their inherent mechanical flexibility. However, those materials possess some disadvantages like low dielectric constant and thermal resistance, which might lead to high power consumption and instability. On the other hand, inorganic gate dielectrics show high dielectric constant despite their brittle property. In order to maintain advantages of both materials, it is essential to develop the alternative materials. In this work, we manufactured nanocomposite gate dielectrics composed of organic material and inorganic nanoparticle and integrated them into organic TFTs. For synthesis of nanocomposite gate dielectrics, polyimide (PI) was explored as the organic materials due to its superior thermal stability. Candidate nanoprticles (NPs) of halfnium oxide, titanium oxide and aluminium oxide were considered. In order to realize NP concentration dependent electrical characteristics, furthermore, we have synthesized the different types of nanocomposite gate dielectrics with varying ratio of each inorganic NPs. To analyze gate dielectric properties like the capacitance, metal-Insulator-metal (MIM) structures were prepared together with organic TFTs. The output and transfer characteristics of organic TFTs were monitored by using the semiconductor parameter analyzer (HP4145B), and capacitance and leakage current of MIM structures were measured by the LCR meter (B1500, Agilent). Effects of mechanical cyclic bending of 200,000 times and thermally heating at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour were investigated to analyze mechanical and thermal stability of nanocomposite gate dielectrics. The results will be discussed in detail.

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센서 네트워크 구축에서의 Combinatorial 기법 적용 (The application of the combinatorial schemes for the layout design of Sensor Networks)

  • 김준모
    • 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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    • 제45권7호
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2008
  • 센서 네트워크에서의 효율적인 라우팅을 위하여 센서노드들을 최적으로 상호연결 하는 배치를 찾는 문제를 고려하게 된다. 유사한 이론 문제로서 평면상에 주어진 점들을 최적으로 상호연결 하는 트리 구조를 찾는 스타이너 트리 문제가 있는데, 이 문제에 대한 근사 알고리즘을 차용하여 센서노드들을 최적에 근사하게 상호연결 하는 배치를 찾을 수도 있다. 하지만 스타이너 트리 문제는 평면상에서 수학적으로 정의된 점들의 집합을 상호연결 하는 문제로서 센서 네트워크에서는 나타나지 않는 특수한 경우까지 내포하므로, 그 알고리즘을 사용하는 접근은 타당한 분석 방식이 될 수 없다. 센서 네트워크에서 센서들의 분포는 평면상의 수학적인 점들의 임의적인 분포와는 달리, 센서들이 일정거리 이상으로 서로 떨어져 있다고 가정 할 수 있다. 이러한 물리적인 성격을 반영하여 센서 네트워크를 위한 근사 알고리즘을 구성함으로써, 센서 네트워크 상호연결이라는 문제에 적합한 실행시간 및 최적치에 대한 근사비율을 도출 할 수 있게 된다.

동물 및 인체시험을 통한 Nattokinase의 항응고 작용 및 섬유소 용해능 평가 (Evaluation of Nattokinase for Antithrombotic Effect and Pharmacological Efficacy by a Biological Test and Clinical Trial)

  • 김재범;유철배;신현만;정준기;장형욱
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.393-399
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    • 2011
  • Bacillus subtilis natto producing high level of a fibrinolytic enzyme was selected and Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ was manufactured by fermentation and purification. It was performed the evaluation of the antithrombotic effect of Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ (20,000 FU/g) with rat blood plasma. The maximum aggregation (inhibition ratio) was 71% (0%), 69% (2.8%), 62% (12.7%), 16% (77.5%) and 9% (87.3%), respectively, in the order of 0, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg/mL of Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ solutions. Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ had antithrombotic effect, which was associated with the suppression of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ in the topic of the FDP (fibrinogen degradation products) in blood coagulation tests showed a significant increasing trend. And based on the daily record of meal 39 people of ITT (what ?) group consisted with 19 people of NP (what ?) group and 20 people of PN (what ?) group except four people, two people who took vitamin K affecting the experiment and two people who took alcohol, finding to be taken Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$ showed an increase in the FDP value after four weeks. In addition, FDP value of 41 people of ITT group except two people having metabolic syndrome was increased by Ultra Nattokinase$^{(R)}$.

Energy-Aware Traffic Engineering in Hybrid SDN/IP Backbone Networks

  • Wei, Yunkai;Zhang, Xiaoning;Xie, Lei;Leng, Supeng
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.559-566
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    • 2016
  • Software defined network (SDN) can effectively improve the performance of traffic engineering and will be widely used in backbone networks. Therefore, new energy-saving schemes must take SDN into consideration; this action is extremely important owing to the rapidly increasing energy consumption in telecom and Internet service provider (ISP) networks. Meanwhile, the introduction of SDN in current networks must be incremental in most cases, for technical and economic reasons. During this period, operators must manage hybrid networks in which SDN and traditional protocols coexist. In this study, we investigate the energy-efficient traffic engineering problem in hybrid SDN/Internet protocol (IP) networks. First, we formulate the mathematical optimization model considering the SDN/IP hybrid routing mode. The problem is NP-hard; therefore, we propose a fast heuristic algorithm named hybrid energy-aware traffic engineering (HEATE) as a solution. In our proposed HEATE algorithm, the IP routers perform shortest-path routing by using distributed open shortest path first (OSPF) link weight optimization. The SDNs perform multipath routing with traffic-flow splitting managed by the global SDN controller. The HEATE algorithm determines the optimal setting for the OSPF link weight and the splitting ratio of SDNs. Thus, the traffic flow is aggregated onto partial links, and the underutilized links can be turned off to save energy. Based on computer simulation results, we demonstrate that our algorithm achieves a significant improvement in energy efficiency in hybrid SDN/IP networks.

High-impact chronic pain: evaluation of risk factors and predictors

  • Ilteris Ahmet Senturk;Erman Senturk;Isil Ustun;Akin Gokcedag;Nilgun Pulur Yildirim;Nilufer Kale Icen
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.84-97
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    • 2023
  • Background: The concept of high-impact chronic pain (HICP) has been proposed for patients with chronic pain who have significant limitations in work, social life, and personal care. Recognition of HICP and being able to distinguish patients with HICP from other chronic pain patients who do not have life interference allows the necessary measures to be taken in order to restore the physical and emotional functioning of the affected persons. The aim was to reveal the risk factors and predictors associated with HICP. Methods: Patients with chronic pain without life interference (grade 1 and 2) and patients with HICP were compared. Significant data were evaluated with regression analysis to reveal the associated risk factors. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate predictors and present cutoff scores. Results: One thousand and six patients completed the study. From pain related cognitive processes, fear of pain (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-0.98; P = 0.007) and helplessness (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P = 0.018) were found to be risk factors associated with HICP. Predictors of HICP were evaluated by ROC analysis. The highest discrimination value was found for pain intensity (cut-off score > 6.5; 83.8% sensitive; 68.7% specific; area under the curve = 0.823; P < 0.001). Conclusions: This is the first study in our geography to evaluate HICP with measurement tools that evaluate all dimensions of pain. Moreover, it is the first study in the literature to evaluate predictors and cut-off scores using ROC analysis for HICP.

자동화학분석기를 이용한 흉막액내 ADA 활성치 측정의 유용성에 관한 연구 (The Usefulness in an Automated Kinetic Method in Determining of ADA Activity in Pleural Fluid)

  • 류정선;용석중;송광선;신계철;이원식;강신구;어영;윤갑준
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제42권6호
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    • pp.838-845
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    • 1995
  • 연구배경: 현재 국내에서 ADA의 활성치의 측정은 adenosine 기질에서 ADA에 의한 탈아미노작용시 발생하는 암모니아를 Berthelot's 반응을 이용하여 측정하는 Giusti 등에 의한 비색법이 많이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 이 방법은 자동화가 어려워 쉽게 사용하기 어려우며 기기내의 내인성 암모니아 등에 의한 오염의 가능성이 있다. 1993년 Oosthuizen 등은 nucleoside phosphorylase(NP)와 Xanthine oxidase(XOD)을 이용하여 ADA 활성치 측정을 자동화 하였다. 저자들이 측정한 ADA 활성치와 기존의 ADA 활성치 측정결과에 대한 보고를 비교함으로써 Oosthuizen 등에 의한 ADA 활성치 측정의 자동화의 융통성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 1994년 5월부터 1995년 7월까지 연세대학교 원주의과대학부속 원주기독병원에 흉막액으로 입원하여 그 원인이 확진된 162명의 환자를 각각의 원인 질환에 따라서 5개 군(I: 결핵성 흉막액, II: 악성 흉막액, III: 폐렴성 흉막액, V: 여출성 흉막액)으로 나누었으며 Oosthuizen 등에 의한 ADA 활성치 측정법을 Hitachi 747 자동화학분석기에 적용하여 각 군에서 흉막액의 ADA 활성치와 및 흉막액과 혈청에서 ADA 활성치의 비를 측정하였다. 결과: 1) 결핵성 흉막액의 ADA 활성치는 $52.53{\pm}16.43\;U/L$로서 나머지 군에 비하여 통계학적으로 의의있게 높았으며(II, IV, V 군은 p값이 0.001 미만, III 군은 p값이 0.05 미만) 흉막액에서 ADA의 활성치를 30 U/L로 기준하였을 때 결핵성 흉막액과 악성 흉막액의 감별은 민감도(sensitivity) 96%, 특이도(specificity) 93%로 결핵성 흉막염을 진단할 수 있었으며 이는 기존의 보고와 차이가 없었다. 2) 흉막액과 혈청 ADA 치의 비는 결핵성 흉막액에서 $2.29{\pm}0.96$으로 농흉을 제외한 나머지 군에 의해서 통계학적으로 의의있게 높았다(p<0.001). 흉막액과 혈청 ADA 활성치 비를 1.5로 기준하였을 때 결핵성 흉막액과 악성 흉막액의 감별은 민감도 80%, 특이도 88%로 결핵성 흉막액을 진단할 수 있었으며, 이는 기존의 연구 결과와 차이가 없었다. 3) Oosthuizen 동에 의한 ADA 활성치 측정법을 Hitachi 747 자동화학분석기에 적용한 새로운 방법은 r값이 0.971로 Giuisti 등에 의한 기존의 방법과 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 결론: ADA 활성치 측정에 Oosthuizen 등에 제안한 새로운 방법은 현재 사용되는 Giusti 등의 비색법에 의한 ADA 활성치 측정과 차이가 없었으며, 일반 검사실에서도 쉽게 사용될 수 있는 장점이 있었다.

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유색미 도입 유전자원의 생육 및 품질특성 변이 다변량 분석 (Multivariate Analysis of Variation of Growth and Quality Characteristics in Colored Rice Germplasm)

  • 박종현;이지윤;전재범;유오종;손은호
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제63권3호
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    • pp.175-185
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    • 2018
  • 우리나라에 도입된 유색미 유전자원 178점의 생육 및 품질특성 변이를 평가하고 주성분 분석을 통해 유전자원을 분류하여 벼 육종의 기초자료로 활용하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 1. 도입 유색미 유전자원 178점의 변이계수는 이삭길이, 단백질 함량이 가장 높았고, 장폭비, 천립중, 간장, 아밀로스 함량 순으로 높았고, 수량구성요소인 주당수수가 가장 낮았다. 2. 유색미 유전자원의 생육 및 품질특성에 대한 주성분 분석 결과, 각 주성분의 고유값과 기여율은 제1주성분 2.06개, 29.49%, 제2주성분 1.31개, 18.75%, 제3주성분 1.21개, 17.36% 및 제4주성분 1.01개, 14.38%로 4개의 주성분 고유값이 1 이상이며, 누적기여율이 79.98%로 도입 유색미 유전자원 평가가 가능하였다. 3. 군집분석 결과, I군집은 79자원이 포함되었으며, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII군집은 각각 46자원, 19자원, 13자원, 4자원, 8자원 및 9자원이 분포하였다. I군집, II군집에는 짙은갈색의 자원이 많이 분포되었고, V군집, VI군집, VII군집에는 자색 계열의 종피색을 가진 자원이 많았다. 특히, V군집은 암자색과 자색만으로 자색계열의 종피색을 가진 자원만이 포함되어 있다. VII군집에서 간장, 이삭길이, 장폭비가 다른 군집에 비해 평균값이 적었으며, V군집에서는 천립중 평균이 다른 군집에 비해 가장 낮았다. IV군집에서는 평균 주당수수 가장 낮았으나, 천립중 평균은 가장 높게 나타났다.

대두유와 Glyceryl Monooleate의 효소적 반응을 이용한 Diacylglycerol 함유 유지의 생산 (Production of Diacylglycerol-Oil from Lipase-Catalyzed Reaction Using Soybean Oil and Glyceryl Monooleate)

  • 전미선;이초롱;이기택
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제38권11호
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    • pp.1559-1563
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    • 2009
  • SBO와 GMO의 몰비율 1:2의 기질에 Lipozyme RMIM을 총 기질 질량의 10%를 사용하여, impeller를 장착한 회분식반응기를 통해 DAG 함유 유지의 대량합성을 실시하였다. 반응시작 후 1 hr부터 6 hr까지 total DAG의 함량은 25.4-27.7 g/100 g oil로 나타났으며, 6 hr 반응하였을 때 TAG의 함량은 32.2 g/100 g oil으로 감소하였다. 반응 완료 후 분자증류를 통해 MAG와 FFA를 제거하였으며 NP-HPLC를 통해 분자증류 전과 후의 TAG와 DAG 함량변화를 알아보았다. 분자증류 전의 TAG와 DAG의 함량은 각각 7, 59 area%였으며, 분자증류 후에는 각각 29, 71 area%로 나타나 TAG와 DAG의 함량이 분자증류를 하기 전보다 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 분자증류를 거친 DAG 함유 유지의 주요한 지방산은 C18:1과 C18:2로 그 함량은 각각 44.36%와 37.36%로 나타났으며, trans 지방산의 함량은 1.72%로 나타났다. 그리고 분자증류를 거친 DAG 함유 유지의 산가와 요오드가는 각각 0.13과 112.6이었다. SFC분석 결과, 분자증류를 거친 DAG 함유 유지는 SBO보다 높은 온도인 25$^{\circ}C$에서 대부분 융해되는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 융점 피크는 -25.0, 0.1, 11.2$^{\circ}C$ 에서 나타났고, 결정화 피크는 -16.2$^{\circ}C$ 에서 보였다.