• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 2011

To meet the NOx limit without a penalty of fuel consumption, Urea-SCR system is currently regarded as promising NOx reduction technology for diesel engines. SCR system has to achieve maximal NOx conversion in combination with minimal $NH_3$ slip. In this study, map based open loop control for urea injection was developed and assessed in the European Transient Cycle (ETC) for heavy duty diesel engine. The basic urea quantity set-value which was calculated using the look up tables of engine out NOx, exhaust flow rate and optimum NSR resulted in NOx reduction of 80% and the average $NH_3$ slip of 24 ppm and maximum of 79 ppm. In order to reduce $NH_3$ slip, $NH_3$ storage control algorithm was applied to correct the basic urea quantity and reduced $NH_3$ slip levels to the average 15 ppm and maximum 49 ppm while keeping NOx reduction of 76%. With high and increasing SCR temperature, the $NH_3$ storage capacity decreases, which leads to $NH_3$ slip. The resulting $NH_3$ slip peak can be avoided by stopping or significantly reducing the urea injection during the SCR temperature gradient is over $30^{\circ}C/min$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.474-481
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• 2018

The policy-making and technological development of eco-friendly automobiles designed to increase their supply is ongoing, but the internal combustion engine still accounts for approximately 95% of automobiles in use. To meet the stricter emission regulations of internal combustion engines based on fossil fuels, the proportion of after-treatments for vehicles and (ocean going) vessels is increasing continuously. As diesel engines have high power and good fuel economy in addition to less CO2 emissions, their market share is increasing not only in commercial vehicles, but also in passenger cars. Because of the characteristics of the diesel combustion, however, NOx is generated in localized high-temperature combustion regions, and particulates are formed in the zones of diffusion combustion. LNT and urea-SCR catalysts have been developed for the after-treatment of exhaust gas to reduce NOx in diesel vehicles. This study examined the effect of a containing promoter on SCR catalysts to cope with the severe exhaust gas regulation. The de-NOx performance of the Mn-SCR catalyst was the best, and the de-NOx performance was improved as the ion exchange rate between Mn ion and Zeolyst was good and the activation energy was low. The de-NOx performance of the 7Cu-15Ba/78Zeoyst catalyst was 32% at $200^{\circ}C$ and 30% at $500^{\circ}C$, and showed the highest performance. The NOx storage material of BaO loaded as a promoter was well dispersed in the Cu-SCR catalyst and the additional de-NOx performance of BaO was affected by the reduction reaction of the Cu-SCR catalyst. Among the three catalysts, the 7Cu-15Ba/Zeolyst SCR catalyst was resistant to thermal degradation. The same type of CuO due to thermal degradation migrates and agglomerates because BaO reduces the agglomeration of the main catalyst CuO particles.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2020

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is one of the six greenhouse gases, and it is essential to reduce N₂O by showing a global warming potential (GWP) equivalent to 310 times that of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a technology that converts ammonia into harmless N₂ and H₂O by using ammonia as a reducing agent to remove NOx, one of the air pollutants; the process also produces high denitrification efficiency. In this study, the Fe-BEA catalyst was steam-treated at 100 ℃ for 2 h before Fe ion exchange in the fixed bed reactor in order to investigate the effect of the steam-treated Fe-BEA catalyst on the NH₃-SCR reaction. NH₃-SCR reaction test of synthesized catalysts was performed at WHSV = 180 h^-1, 370 to 400 ℃ in the fixed bed reactor. The Fe-BEA(100) catalyst steam-treated at 100 ℃ showed a somewhat higher activity than the Fe-BEA catalyst at 370 to 390 ℃. The catalysts were characterized by BET, ICP, NH₃-TPD, H₂-TPR, and ²⁷Al MAS NMR in order to determine the cause affecting NH₃-SCR activity. The H₂-TPR result confirmed that the Fe-BEA(100) catalyst had a higher reduction of isolated Fe³⁺ than the Fe-BEA catalyst, and that the steam treatment increased the amount of isolated Fe³⁺ as an active species, thus increasing the activity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.64-71
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• 2013

In this study we designed a lean $NO_x$ trap (LNT) model with $GT-POWER^{TM}$ program and then the LNT model was compared to the bench flow reactor test results. This model consists of 9 kinetic reactions to represent the main steps of NO oxidation, $NO_x$ adsorption, $NO_x$ release and then its reduction. The comparison was performed on the operating conditions at the space velocity of 50,000 1/hr and 80,000 1/hr with the temperature range of $200^{\circ}C{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ with the even spaced temperature step of $50^{\circ}C$. The experimental results show that the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency was enhanced by the temperature up to $350^{\circ}C$ and then decayed at higher temperatures. The LNT model predicts the similar trend of the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency to the experimental results below $350^{\circ}C$, but overestimates above $350^{\circ}C$. This overestimation comes from the higher reduction efficiency which was obtained by the different reduction gas composition such as $C_3H_6$ in the model to replace $CH_4$, $C_2H_4$ in the bench test.