• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1424-1427
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• 2002

This paper proposes a novel postprocessing algorithm for reducing the blocking artifacts in low bit rate block-based transform coded images, that use adaptive neural network filter (NNF) in wavelet transform domain. n this algorithm, after performing a 2-level wavelet transform of the decompressed image, the existence of locking artifacts is determined using statistical characteristic of neighborhood blocks. And then a different one-dimensional (1-D) or 2-D NNF is used to reduce the locking artifacts according to the classified regions. That is, for HL and LH subbands regions with the blocking artifacts, a different 1-D NNF is used. And 2-D NNF is used in HH subband. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm produced better results than those of conventional algorithms both subjectively and objectively.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.690-696
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• 2004

This paper is proposed a hybrid intelligent controller based on the vector controlled surface permanent magnet synchronous motor(SPMSM) drive system. The hybrid combination of neural network and fuzzy control will produce a powerful representation flexibility and numerical processing capability. Also, this paper is proposed speed control of SPMSM using neural network-fuzzy(NNF) control and speed estimation using artificial neural network(ANN) Controller. The back propagation neural network technique is used to provide a real time adaptive estimation of the motor speed. The error between the desired state variable and the actual one is back-propagated to adjust the rotor speed, so that the actual state variable will coincide with the desired one. The back propagation mechanism is easy to derive and the estimated speed tracks precisely the actual motor speed. This paper is proposed the theoretical analysis as well as the simulation results to verify the effectiveness of the new method.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.583-597
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• 2001

Tracking the targets of interest has been one of the major research areas in radar surveillance system. We formulate the tracking problem as an incomplete data problem and apply the EM algorithm to obtain the MAP estimate. The resulting filter has a recursive structure analogous to the Kalman filter. The difference is that the measurement-update deals with multiple measurements and the parameter-update can estimate the system parameters. Through extensive experiments, it turns out that the proposed system is better than PDAF and NNF in tracking the targets. Also, the performance degrades gracefully as the disturbances become stronger.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.176-178
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• 2004

Precise control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM) over wide speed range is an engineering challenge. This paper considers the design and implementation of novel technique of speed estimation and control for IPMSM using hybrid intelligent control. The hybrid combination of neural network and adaptive fuzzy control will produce a powerful representation flexibility and numerical processing capability. Also, this paper is proposed speed control of IPMSM using adaptive neural network fuzzy(A-NNF) and estimation of speed using artificial neural network(ANN) controller. The back propagation neural network technique is used to provide a real time adaptive estimation of the motor speed.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.220-227
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• 2005

This paper presents hybrid artificial intelligent(HAI) controller based on the vector controlled IPMSM drive system. And it is based on artificial technologies that adaptive neural network fuzzy(A-NNF) is to speed control and artificial neural network(ANN) is to speed estimation. The salient feature of this technique is the HAI controller The hybrid action tolerates any inaccuracies in the fuzzy logic assignment rules or in the neural network stationary weights. Speed estimators using feedforward multilayer and artificial neural network(ANN) are compared. The back-propagation algorithm is easy to derived the estimated speed tracks precisely the actual motor speed. This paper presents the theoretical analysis as well as the simulation results to verify the effectiveness of the new hybrid intelligent control.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.1245-1247
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• 2004

This paper considers the design and implementation of novel technique of speed estimation and control for IPMSM using hybrid intelligent control. The hybrid combination of neural network and adaptive fuzzy control will produce a powerful representation flexibility and numerical processing capability. Also, this paper is proposed speed control of IPMSM using adaptive neural network fuzzy(A-NNF) and estimation of speed using artificial neural network(ANN) controller. This paper is proposed the theoretical analysis as well as the simulation results to verify the effectiveness of the new hybrid intelligent control.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.413-423
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• 2008

The template matching method is used as a simple method to track objects or patterns that we want to search for in the input image data from image sensors. It recognizes a segment with the highest correlation as a target. The concept of this method is similar to that of SNF (Strongest Neighbor Filter) that regards the measurement with the highest signal intensity as target-originated among other measurements. The SNF assumes that the strongest neighbor (SN) measurement in the validation gate originates from the target of interest and the SNF utilizes the SN in the update step of a standard Kalman filter (SKF). The SNF is widely used along with the nearest neighbor filter (NNF), due to computational simplicity in spite of its inconsistency of handling the SN as if it is the true target. Probabilistic Strongest Neighbor Filter for m validated measurements (PSNF-m) accounts for the probability that the SN in the validation gate originates from the target while the SNF assumes at any time that the SN measurement is target-originated. It is known that the PSNF-m is superior to the SNF in performance at a cost of increased computational load. In this paper, we suggest an image tracking algorithm that combines the template matching and the PSNF-m to estimate the states of a tracked target. Computer simulation results are included to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm in comparison with other algorithms.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop a multicultural education practice scale for preschool teachers and to examine the reliability and validity of the scale. Participants for this study were 310 preschool teachers from Seoul and Gyeonggi. The multicultural education practice scale for preschool teachers was consisted of 3 factors, 'multicultural national to understand', 'interactions with multicultural children' and 'multicultural culturally to understand' with 13 items. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was ranged from .74 to .82. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that RMSEA=.08, SRMR=.06, NNF=.90, and CFI=.92. All these results show that the multicultural education practice scale for preschool teachers is quite reliable and valid.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.744-748
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (SSH) cultivation over the past three years from 2009 to 2011. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by rates of additional nitrogen fertilizer ($100kg\;ha^{-1}$) and decreased percentage of 30 50 70 100 fertilization in addition to non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties, growth and yield potential were examined. The results were as follows. The testing soil was showed strong alkaline saline soil with low organic matter contents and less available phosphate while exchangeable sodium and magnesium were higher. Soil salinity was increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, SSH was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was $18,345kg\;ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen at incorporation time was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8. Fresh and dry matter yield of SSH were higher in the order of 30%, CF, N50%, N70%d, N100%, and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield of SSH increased in the order of CF ($55,050kg\;ha^{-1}$, $16,250kg\;ha^{-1}$), N contents from 30% to 9%. Soil physical properties, such as bulk density were decrease with incoporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. Soil chemical properties, such as pH was decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter were increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium were decreased with incorporation of GMC than those before experiment. Thus, we assumed that incorporation of hairy vetch was more effective that can lead to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer and to improve soil environment in cultivating SSH on Saemangeum reclaimed land.