• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2004

Lepista nuda is a world-wide species which has and international reputation as a excellent edible species. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation and taxonomic relationship of L. nuda and other five Tricholomataceae species were analyzed by random amplied polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 15 kinds of random primers were used. The distance matrix was calculated using UPGMA and phyolgenetic relationship were inferred by neighnor-joining (NJ) method. Various bands of 100bp∼1600bp were observed in electrophoretic patterns of RAPD. Nei's genetic distance was calculated using a total of 228 DNA bands identified, and phylogenetic tree was made. The Nei's genetic variations of L. nuda, Lepista surdida, Collybia peronata, Collybia confluens, Lyophyllum cinerascens, Laccara laccata were 0∼21.3%, 21.2∼28.0%, 15.4∼23.0%, 14∼21.8%, 16.5∼34.6%, and 12.4∼27.4%, respectively The consistency index, the retention index and homoplasy index were 0.5217, 0.5769 and 0.5156, respectively. Also, two groups could be made by NJ tree. The genetic distance between L. nuda and C. confluens was closer than that between L. nuda and L. sordida.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.626-632
• /
• 2014

The genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship were investigated in Korean red spotted grouper populations using the nucleotide sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The COI gene was sequenced showed 99.1-99.8% identity with the EF607565 sequence previously reported. A total of twenty haplotypes were found, and the Korean population showed nineteen haplotypes. Among those, Hap_03 and Hap_08 showed Jeju-do and China-specific COI sequences, respectively. However, Hap_07 had twelve COI sequences from South Korea and records from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Neighbor-joining (NJ) trees constructed from the phylogenetic analyses based on the polymorphisms of the COI haplotypes showed a monophyletic branching pattern within the genus Epinephelus. This indicated that the red spotted grouper populations had evolved from common maternal ancestors. In addition, the Hap_08, which had the COI sequence recorded only from China Sea, was found in the middle of the NJ tree nearby Hap_07 and showed a close relationship with Hap_07. This indicates that Chinese red spotted grouper is also maternally related to other populations in East Asia. Consequently, East Asian red spotted grouper populations are maternally related, as well as sharing the same evolutionary history, and are still affected by the East Asian ocean current (Kuroshio). These findings help to explain the genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship of red spotted grouper and also contribute to research on artificial breeding and industrialization.

• Journal of Apiculture
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.227-237
• /
• 2018

The majority parasitic bee mites of Thailand in genus Tropilaelaps are infesting colonies of native bees (Apis dorsata) and introduced bees (A. mellifera). The investigation aims to study morphological and genetic variation of Tropilaelaps mites infected different hosts. Adult mites were collected from honey bee brood throughout Thailand. Traditional and geometrical morphometrics were measured on photograph by using TPS program. Additional, COI gene variations were examined by PCR-RFLP and nucleotides sequencing. Tree of mites relationships were constructed by NJ and MP assumptions. Morphometric results indicated T. mercedesae were major species infesting on A. dorsata and A. mellifera. Mophological variation represented at anal and epigynial plate, which the shape of the anal plate apex margin has been key character to identify between T. mercedesae (bell to blunt shape) and T. koenigerum (pear shape). However, the discriminant analysis suggested that geometric results were potential to classify Thai Tropilaelaps populations from different hosts better than traditional morphometric. Otherwise, PCR-RFLP clearly detected the site of Dra I and Xba I digestion of Thai Tropilaelaps morphotypes. The COI sequences of T. koenigerum were founded infesting only A. dorsata in Thailand and four sequences that related to the Thai T. mercedesae morphotypes. The NJ and MP tree were clearly classified Thai Tropilaelaps species which were suggested both from morphological and molecular analysis. This information might be basically of taxonomic status, but this should have implication for controlling these mites in Thailand and other countries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.921-926
• /
• 2012

In order to protect the genetic resource of native horse breeds, the genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop of three native horse breeds in western China were investigated. Forty-three 600 bp mtDNA D-loop sequences were analyzed by PCR and sequencing techniques, 33 unique haplotypes with 70 polymorphic sites were detected in these horses, which account for 11.67% of 600 bp sequence analyzed, showing the abundant genetic diversity of the three native horse breeds in western China. The Neighbour-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 247 bp of 43 D-loop sequences demonstrated the presence of seven major lineages (A to G), indicating that the three native horse breeds in western China originated from multiple maternal origins. Consistent with the front, the NJ phylogenetic tree based on 600 bp of mtDNA D-loop sequences of 43 Chinese western native horses and 81 sequences of six horse breeds from GenBank indicated that the three horse breeds had distributed into the seven major lineages (A to G). The structure of the phylogenic tree is often blurred because the variation in a short segment of the mitochondrial genome is often accompanied by high levels of recurrent mutations. Consequently, longer D-loop sequences are helpful in achieving a higher level of molecular resolution in horses.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.161-174
• /
• 2005

In order to presume the relationships between two species of P. ternata and P. tripartia, and their populations of the Korean Pinellia, RAPD analysis was performed. The length of the amplified DNA fragments ranged from 300 to 2,500bp. Seventy scorable RAPD makers were found from the PCR reactions with 7 random oligoprimers and were analyzed by Nei-Li's genetic coefficient. Also, some regional groups instead of same taxa were clustered from the phenogram of UPGMA analysis and NJ tree. Populations within each species were clustered at low genetic distance, there had the closed relationship. According to the regional individuals, Pinellia ternata was showed the variation pattern of morphological (leaf shape and flower color) and cytological characters(somatic chromosome numbers). So we suggested to difference of characteristic variety based on variety of habitat. According to this study, new species (Pinellia sp.) was affiliated with Pinellia and had the closest relationship with Hallasan and Japan population. The RAPD data was very useful to define the genetic variation and to discuss the relationships among the intraspecific taxa and their populations of the Korean Pinellia.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2005

RAPD analysis was performed to discuss the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships among the tribe Forsythieae and related groups. Two hundred and eighteen scorable polymorphic bands were detected from fourteen oligonucleotide primers. From the results of RAPD analysis by Nei and Li's genetic distance, each individuals of Abeliophyllum distichum showed high genetic relationships with ranging from 0.085 to 0.301, also the genus Forsythia showed from 0.042 to 0.655 among the species and populations. But, Abeliophyllum and Forsythia showed distinct dissimilarity, ranging from 0.610 to 1.258. And genetic differences among the population of Forsythia were 0.042 in F. koreana, 0.275 in F. saxatilis, 0.275 in F. ovata, 0.279 in F. nakaii, and 0.249 in F. viridissima. The UPGMA phenogram of tribe Forsythieae based on the results of RAPD analysis were presented that Abeliophyllum is distinct genus different from Forsythia. NJ tree which applied as the outgroups Fontanesia and Jasminum was derived, and it showed that tribe Forsythieae might be a monophyletic group. The genus Fontanesia was showed as sister group of tribe Forsythieae. Among the populations of taxa in Forsythia, F. koreana and F. saxatilis were more closely related, and F. ovata and F. nakaii were very closely related to F.japonica. And Fontanesia was the sister group of tribe Forsythieae.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.471-476
• /
• 2007

Little is known about the origin and genetic diversity of swamp buffaloes in China. To obtain more knowledge on genetics of the water buffalo in China, the complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences of 30 samples from 6 native types were investigated. The results revealed 12 mitochondrial haplotypes with 50 polymorphic sites. Among these polymorphic sites, there were 49 transitions and 1 transversion. The average nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity estimated from mtDNA D-loop region in 6 Chinese water buffalo types were 0.00684 and 0.798, respectively, showing rather abundant mitochondrial genetic diversity. The Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree of mtDNA of Chinese water buffaloes was constructed according to the 12 haplotypes. The NJ tree indicated two lineages being designated lineage A and lineage B, in which lineage A was predominant, and lineage B was at low frequency. The new lineage B was first discovered and defined in 6 Chinese water buffalo types. These results showed that two different maternal lineages were involved in the origin of domestic swamp buffaloes in China and the lineage B was probably an introgression from Southeast Asian buffaloes.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.293-297
• /
• 2012

The movement of vesicles from the neuronal cell body to specific destinations requires molecular motors. The squid giant axon represents a powerful model for studies of the axonal transport mechanism because the axoplasm can readily be separated from the sheath by simple extrusion. In a previous study, vesicular movements in the axoplasm of the squid giant axon were inhibited by the kinesin antibody. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the cDNAs for squid brain KIFs. Amplification of the conserved nucleotide sequences of the motor domain by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using first-strand cDNAs of the squid optic lobe identified six new KIF proteins. Motif analysis of the motor domains revealed that the squid KIFs are homologous to the consensus sequences of the mouse KIFs. The phylogenetic tree generated by using the maximum parsimony (MP) method, the neighbor-joining (NJ) method, the minimum evolution (ME) method, and the maximum likelihood (ML) method showed that squid KIFs are closest to mouse KIFs. These data prove the phylogenetic relationships between squid KIFs and mouse ones.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.1696-1700
• /
• 2005

Five China native cattle breeds have been characterized by using 10 microsatellite DNA markers. The studied populations can be divided into five groups: Luxi cattle, Nanyang cattle, Jinnan cattle, Qinchuan cattle and Yanbian cattle. Allele frequencies were calculated and used for the characterization of the breeds and the study of their genetic relationships. Heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, the effective number of alleles was calculated. Nei' standard genetic distance (1978) was calculated and used for a neighbor-joining tree construction. NJ tree showed that Luxi cattle, Nanyang cattle, Jinnan cattle and Qinchuan cattle are closely related, whereas Yanbian cattle are clearly distinct from other four populations. The genetic relationship of five breeds corresponds to their history and geographic origins. This work analyzes the recent origin of these populations and contributes to the knowledge and genetic characterization of China native breeds.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 2009

A molecular phylogenetic relationship inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence was developed based on analysis of Zacco species distributed in Korea as well as China, Japan and Taiwan. A maximum parsimony (MP) tree showed that Korean Z. temminckii and Z. koreanus formed a monophyletic clade, but the populations of Z. temminckii and Z. koreanus in the 'South Korean Subdistrict' region had genetic similarity with Japanese Z. temminckii. Korean Z. platypus had a closer relationship with Japanese members of the clade than with Chinese Z. platypus, which was more closely related to Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis. The analysis of neighbor joining (NJ) tree may support a hypothesis that the clade of Z. platypus had genetically diverged from the common ancestor of Zacco species comprising Z. koreanus, Z. temminckii, Z. sieboldii and other species; thereafter a cladogenesis of Z. koreanus and Z. temmminckii had occurred from the ancestor of Z. sieboldii. Moreover, the Chinese Z. platypus had diverged far from the Korean Z. platypus and formed a phylogenetic relationship with O. uncirostris amurensis. Therefore, a more detailed study of the taxonomy and systematics of Zacco species in regard to their zoogeographical distributions is needed.