• 제목/요약/키워드: NIRS

검색결과 269건 처리시간 0.022초

Discrimination of Ginseng Habitat by Using Instrumental Analysis Techniques

  • Sohn H. J.;Lee S. K.;Cho B. G.;Kim S. J.;Lee N. Y.;Choi D. S.;Jeong M. S.;Bae H. R.;Yang J. W.
    • 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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    • pp.238-252
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    • 2002
  • In order to screen out indicators for the discrimination of ginseng habitat, some physical and chemical characteristics of Korean red ginsengs (94 kinds) and Chinese red ginsengs (50 kinds) were analyzed by using a rheometer, an electronic nose system, a combined technique of solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC/ECD), an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS), a near infrared spectrometer (NIRs) and high performance liquid chromatography equipped with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC/ELSD). The results are summarized as follows: (i) The rhizome strengths of Korean red ginsengs were significantly higher than those of Chinese red ginsengs. (ii) The electronic nose patterns of Korean red ginsengs were significantly different from those of Chinese red ginsengs. (iii) Some unidentified peaks were detected not in the headspace of Korean red ginsengs but in the headspace of Chinese red ginsengs when the headspace volatiles prepared by the SPME technique were analyzed by GC/ECD. (iv) Either the content ratios of K to Ca or Mn to Fe were significantly different between Korean red ginsengs and Chinese red ginsengs. (v) The reflectance ratios of NIRs wavenumbers such as $904\;cm^{-1}\;to\;1088\;cm^{-1}$ for Korean red ginsengs were significantly different from those for Chinese red ginsengs. (vi) The content ratios of ginsenoside-Rg to ginsenoside-Re of Korean red ginsengs were significantly higher than those of Chinese red ginsengs. These results indicate that the rhizome strength, the electronic nose pattern, the occurrence of ECD-sensitive headspace volatile components, the content ratios of K to Ca and Mn to Fe, the NIRs pattern and the content ratio of ginsenoside-Rg to -Re may be indicators for the discrimination of ginseng habitat.

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생물 과제의 자기조절 활동에서 나타나는 중등학생의 연령별 두뇌 활성 -fNIRS 연구 (Age-Specific Brain Activation in Secondary School Students' Self-Regulating Activities on Biological Tasks -fNIRS Study)

  • 이서리;권용주
    • 과학교육연구지
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.30-39
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    • 2022
  • 이 연구의 목적은 중등학생의 자기조절 과정에서 동화, 갈등, 조절의 세부 과정에 대한 뇌 활성을 비교하고 분석하는 것이다. 자기조절 과제는 생물학적 계통발생 과제로 제시되었고, 뇌활성은 fNIRS로 측정 및 분석되었다. 그 결과 동화 과정과 비교하여 갈등 과정에서 좌측 DLPFC, OFC, FP 영역에서 유의미한 활성이 발견되었고, 조절 과정에서는 DLPFC, VLPFC에서 유의미한 활성화가 발견되었다. 중등학생의 학년이 높아질수록 갈등 과정에서도 DLPFC가 증가하고 동화 과정에서도 VLPFC가 증가한다. 또한, 갈등과 조절 과정을 비교한 결과, 7학년 학생들은 오른쪽 VLPFC에서 유의미한 뇌 활동을 보였고, 9학년 학생들은 조절 과정에서 왼쪽 FP와 DLPFC 영역에서 유의미한 뇌 활동을 보였지만, 11학년 학생들은 이 과정에서 유의미한 뇌 활동을 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 신경학적 연구 방법이 인지 활동과 강의실 교육 상황과 관련된 교육 연구에 적용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

Classficiation of Bupleuri Radix according to Geographical Origins using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Combined with Supervised Pattern Recognition

  • Lee, Dong Young;Kang, Kyo Bin;Kim, Jina;Kim, Hyo Jin;Sung, Sang Hyun
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.164-170
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    • 2018
  • Rapid geographical classification of Bupleuri Radix is important in quality control. In this study, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with supervised pattern recognition was attempted to classify Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origins. Three supervised pattern recognitions methods, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and radial basis function support vector machine (RBF-SVM), were performed to establish the classification models. The QDA and RBF-SVM models were performed based on principal component analysis (PCA). The number of principal components (PCs) was optimized by cross-validation in the model. The results showed that the performance of the QDA model is the optimum among the three models. The optimized QDA model was obtained when 7 PCs were used; the classification rates of the QDA model in the training and test sets are 97.8% and 95.2% respectively. The overall results showed that NIRS combined with supervised pattern recognition could be applied to classify Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.

Nondestructive Determination of Humic Acids in Soils by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

  • Seo, Sang-Hyun;Park, Woo-Churl;Cho, Rae-Kwang;Xiaori Han
    • Near Infrared Analysis
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.31-35
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    • 2000
  • Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) was used to determine the humic acids in soil samples from the fields of different crops and land-use over Youngnam and Honam regions in Korea. An InfraAlyzer 500 scanning spectrophotometer was obtained near infrared relectance spectra of soil at 2-nm intervals from 1100 to 2500nm. Multiple linear regression(MLR) or partial least square regression (PLSR) was used to evaluate a NIRS method for the rapid and nondestructive determination of humic acid, fulvic acid and its total contents in soils. The raw spectral data(log 1/R) can be used for estimating humic acid, fulvic acid and its total contents in soil by MLR procedure between the content of a given constituent and the spectral response of several bands. In which the predicted results for fulvic acid is the best in the constituents. The new spectral data are converted from the raw spectra by PLSR method such as the first derivative of each spectrum can also be used to predict humic acid and fulvic acid of the soil samples. A low SEC, SEP and a high coefficient of correlation in the calibration and validation stages enable selection of the best manipulation. But a simple calibration and prediction method for determining humic acid and fulvic acid should be selected under similar accuracy and precision of prediction. NIRS technique may be an effective method for rapid and nondestructive determination for humic acid, fulvic acid and its total contents in soils.

Nondestructive determination of humic acid in compost by NIRS

  • Seo, Sang-Hyun;Han, Xiao-Ri;Cho, Rae-Kwang;Park, Woo-Churl
    • 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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    • pp.1623-1623
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    • 2001
  • Composting is a biological method used to transform the organic waste into stable, humified organic amendments. Humification is indicated as the key factor in improving the quality of compost, because of the importance of humic substances to soil ecology, fertility and structure, and their beneficial effects on plant growth The compost constituents vary widely, however, the degree of maturity is very important factor in compost quality. So this experiment carried out to determine the rapid estimation of the quality in cattle, pig, chicken and waste composts using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS). Near infrared reflectance spectra of composts was obtained by Infra Alyzer 500 scanning spectrophotometer at 2-nm intervals from 1100 to 2500nm. Multiple linear regression(MLR) or partial least square regression (PLSR) was used to evaluate a NIRS method for the rapid and nondestructive determination of humic acid contents in composts. The results summarized that NIR spectroscopy can be used as a routine testing method to determine quantitatively the humic acid content in the compost samples ondestructively. Especially, we supposed that absorbance around 2300nm is related to humic acid as a factor of compost maturity. However the NIR absorption approach is empirical, it actually requires many combinations of samples and data manipulations to obtain optimal prediction.

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Discrimination between Artemisia princeps and Artemisia capillaris Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined Multivariate Analysis

  • Lee, Dong-Young;Jeon, Min-Ji;Suh, Young-Bae;Kim, Seung-Hyun;Kim, Young-Choong;Sung, Sang-Hyun
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.377-380
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    • 2011
  • The Artemisia princeps (Compositae) has been used in traditional Korean medicine for the treatment of microbial infections and inflammatory diseases. Since A. princeps is generally difficult to be discriminated from A. capillaris, A. caplillaris has been misused in place of A. princeps. To solve this problem, a rapid and nondestructive method for discrimination of A. princeps and A. capillaris samples was developed using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the present study. A principal component analysis (PCA) and a partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to discriminate two species. As a result, with the use of PLS-DA, A. princeps and A. capillaris were clustered according to their genus. These outcomes indicated that the NIRS could be useful for the discrimination between Artemisia princeps and Artemisia capillaris.

근적외 분광분석법을 이용한 버어리종 잎담배 화학성분 분석

  • 김용옥;장기철;이경구
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.95-101
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to analyze chemical components in burley tobacco using near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS). Samples were collected in '96 and '97 crop year. Calibration equations were developed by modified partial least square. The standard error performance(SEP) of '96 crop year samples between NIRS and standard laboratory analysis were 0.25% for nicotine, 0.18% for total nitrogen, 0.59% for crude ash, 0.32% for ether extracts, and 0.14% for chlorine, respectively. The analytical results of '97 crop year samples were similar to those of '96 crop year samples. The analytical result of '97 crop year samples analyzed by '96 calibration equation was more inaccurate than that of '96 crop year samples. The SEP of '96 or '97 crop year samples applying calibration equation derived from '96 plus '97 crop year samples was similar to that of '96 or '97 crop year samples analyzed by '96 or '97 calibration equation, respectively. The SEP of '97 crop year samples analyzed by calibration equation derived from '96 plus '97 crop year samples was more accurate than that of '97 crop year samples analyzed by '96 calibration equation. To improve the analytical inaccuracy caused by the difference of crop year between calibration and prediction samples, we need to include the prediction sample spectra which were different from calibration sample spectra in recalibration sample spectra, and then develop recalibration equation. The NIRS can apply to analyze burley leaf tobacco, leaf process or tobacco manufacturing process which were required the rapid analytical result.

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Estimation of Nuclear Interaction for $^{11}C$ Cancer Therapy

  • Maruyama, Koichi;Kanazawa, Mitsutaka;Kitagawa, Atsushi;Suda, Mitsuru;Mizuno, Hideyuki;Iseki, Yasushi
    • 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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    • pp.199-201
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    • 2002
  • Cancer therapy using high-energy $^{12}$ C ions is successfully under way at HIMAC, Japan. An alternative beam to $^{12}$ C is $^{11}$ C ions. The merit of $^{11}$ C over $^{12}$ C is its capability for monitoring spatial distribution of the irradiated $^{11}$ C by observing the $\beta$$^{+}$ decay with a good position resolution. One of the several problems to be solved before its use for therapy is the amount of nuclear interaction that deteriorates the dose concentration owing to the Bragg curve. Utilizing the dedicated secondary beam course for R&D studies at HIMAC, we measured the total energy loss of $^{11}$ C ions in a scintillator block that simulates the soft tissue in human bodies. In addition to the total absorption $^{11}$ C peak, non-negligible bump-shaped contribution is observed in the energy spectrum. The origin of the bump contribution can be nuclear interaction of the incident $^{11}$ C ions with hydrogen and carbon atoms. Further studies to reduce the ambiguity in dose distribution are mentioned.

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Preliminary Study of Gender-Based Brain Lateralization Using Multi-Channel Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

  • V, Zephaniah Phillips;Kim, Evgenii;Kim, Jae Gwan
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.284-296
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    • 2015
  • It has been thought that males tend to use their brain hemispheres more laterally than females. However, recent fMRI studies have shown that there may be no difference in brain lateralization between genders. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents a unique opportunity to acquire real time measurements of blood oxygenation changes to observe neural activity specific to the brain's left and right hemispheres. Using an in-house built multichannel fNIRS system, brain lateralization was observed from seven males and four females according to specially designed tasks for left and right hemisphere activation. The Pearson correlation coefficient and a modified Lateralization Index metric for continuous wave fNIRS systems were calculated to quantify brain lateralization. The preliminary results point to no significant difference in lateral hemodynamic changes between the genders. However, the correlation of symmetrical channel pairs decreased as the experiments progressed. To further develop this study, the subject's performance and the removal of global interference must be implemented for an improved study of brain lateralization.

Fast systemic evaluation of amylose and protein contents in collected rice landraces germplasm using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)

  • Oh, Sejong;Lee, Myung Chul;Choi, Yu Mi;Lee, Sukyeung;Rauf, Muhammad;Chae, Byungsoo;Hyun, Do Yoon
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.70-70
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to characterize the amylose and protein contents of 4,948 rice landrace germplasm using the NIRS model developed in the previous study. The amylose contents estimated by NIRS in the standard rice were Sinseonchal (6.881%) 4.994%, Chucheong (19.731%) 18.633%, Goami (23.246%) 20.548%. Protein contents were Sinseonchal (6.890%) 6.824%, Chucheong (6.350%) 6.869%, Goami (6.777%) 7.839%. The NIRS analysis showed that 1.1-2.7%point lower in amylose and 0.4-0.6%point higher in protein than standard contents. The average amylose content of the germplasm was 20.39% with a range of 3.97-37.13%. The average protein content was 8.17% with a range of 5.20-17.45%. Amylose contents with a range of 20.06-27.02% represented 62.20% of the germplasm. Protein contents with a range of 6.78-9.75% represented 81.60% of the germplasm. Korean landrace comprised 24.9% among the 4,948 germplasm collected from 41 countries. A specific range of amylose contents showed in Korea 16.58-20.06%, in Japan 20.06-23.25%, in North Korea 23.25-27.02% and in China 27.02-37.13%. Protein contents exhibited 5.20-17.45% evenly in the whole landraces, whereas Chinese landrace particularly observed with 6.78-8.27% and 9.75-17.45%. Fifty resources were selected with low and high amylose ranging from 3.97-6.66% to 30.41-37.13% respectively. Similarly fifty resources were selected with low and high protein ranging from 5.20-6.09% to 13.21-17.45% respectively. Landraces with higher protein should be adapted to practical utilization of food sources.

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