• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.242-246
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• 2000

The Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy(NIR) was used to evaluate nutritional diagnosis for rapid leaf analysis method, 177 'Fuji' apple and 130 'Campbell Early' grape leaves were measured by Near Infrared reflectance spectra in the NIR region(1,100~2.500nm). Total nitrogen content was measured by kjelldhal distillation, after salycilic acid-sulfuric acid digestion. An empirical equation to predict total nitrogen content from its spectral signature was developed by adapting the Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy analysis(NIRa) technique and the results were apple-0.965(R). 0.086(SEC), grape-0.926(R), 0.152(SEC). Standard Error of Prediction(SEP) of NIRa for predicting the total nitrogen of apple and grape leaves was 0.360 and 0.210, respectively. It was concluded that Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy analysis is promising method for rapid analysis of apple and grape leaves.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2011

To protect the steel structure in a high story buildings from fire, the sprayed fire-resistive materials are applied during the construction. Current standard methods to check the quality of sprayed fire-resistive materials are real fire test in lab, which take a long time (several weeks) and expensive. In this study, a simple analytical method to check the quality of sprayed fire-resistive materials is developed using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR). Total 9 kinds of sprayed fire-resisted materials and 3 kinds of normal sprayed material sets were used for the analysis. Each set of materials was 50 to 100 samples. Samples are grinded and make a fine powder. The spectral data acquisition was carried out using FT-NIR spectrometer with a integrating sphere. NIR methods successfully identify the sprayed fire resistive materials by a principle component analysis (PCA) after a vector normalization (SNV) pretreatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1525-1525
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• 2001

Non-destructive determination of soluble solids(Brix) in harvested fruits using near infrared(hereafter, NIR) spectroscopy has been reported by many researchers. We have just reported on non-destructive estimation of Brix in harvested melons using a NIR Systems Model 6500 spectrophotometer(Ito et al., 2000). There is a melon cultivar that is difficult to judge the harvest time from the external appearance. If we can determine Brix in growing fruits non-destructively in the field, immature fruits will not be harvested. A portable m spectrophotometer for field use has been just developed by Kubota Corporation. The spectral data of growing melons were measured by the portable spectrophotometer. A commercial program was used for multiple linear regression analysis. Brix in growing melons could be estimated by a multiple regression equation calibrated with harvested melons. Absorbances of 906 and 874 nm were included as the independent variables in the multiple regression equation, and these wavelengths are key wavelengths for non-destructive Brix determination.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.163-167
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• 1989

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis of commercial farm alfalfa hay for crude prowin (CP), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), and acid detergent fiber(ADF) was compared with wet chemistry results. There were no differences between NIRS and wet chemistry results in CP and ADF content, but there were differences (P <.05) between NIRS and wet chemistry results for sample No.2, 4, 5 in NDF content.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.261-265
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• 2003

Near-infrared (NIR) system was used to determine rapidly and simply indomethacin in buffer solution for a dissolution test of tablets and capsules. Indomethacin standards were prepared ranging from 10 to 50 ppm using the mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) and water (1 : 4). The near-infrared (NIR) transmittance spectra of indomethacin standard solutions were collected by using a quartz cell in 1 mm and 2 mm pathlength. Partial least square regression (PLSR) was explored to develop calibration models over the spectral range 1100∼1700 nm. The model using 1 mm quartz cell was better than that using 2 mm quartz cell. The PLSR models developed gave standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.858 ppm. In order to validate the developed calibration model, routine analysis was performed using another standard solutions. The NIR routine analysis showed good correlation with actual values. Standard error of prediction (SEP) is 1.414 ppm for 7 indomethacin samples in routine analysis and its error was permeable in the regulation of Korean Pharmacopoeia (VII). These results show the potential use of the real time monitoring for indomethacin during a dissolution test.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.58-63
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• 2007

This paper sums up all the different steps broached in this project : The NIR spectroscopy technique has been studied and implemented at CTP using a mobile spectrometer device and different optical materials. Methods, based on statistical data analysis (in particular PLS regressions), have been investigated. A laboratory "prototype" using these techniques and methods has been developed in order to control the recovered papers quality, in terms of humidity percentage and sample composition (paper, board, contaminants).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.spc1
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• pp.250-258
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1286-1286
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• 2001

Despite extensive theoretical and experimental studies the structure of the protein-solvent interface is subject of many controversy. Understanding the processes that occur in aqueous solution requires understanding of the solvent influence on the structure of protein. The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of NIR methods in the study of hydration phenomena in protein solutions. Temperature-induced changes in NIR spectra of -lactoglobulin (BLG) in aqueous solutions have been investigated by means of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) and principal component analysis (PCA). With the temperature increase the balance of forces between the BLG's interaction with itself and the BLGs interaction with its environment is disrupted leading to BLG unfolding. Significant differences of 2D signals and distinct discrepancies of loading on PC1 and PC2 were observed as a result of temperature increase. In the native folded conformation of BLC, most of the nonpolar amino acids are hidden in the centre of the structure, out of contact with water molecules, while charged groups are outside, in the contact with water. The polar groups promote low density Ih-type structure in the water outside this first hydration shell. When BLG unfolds it assumes a more extended configuration on which the previously buried nonpolar groups are exposed to water and promote the higher density II-type structure outside its first shell. Detailed assignments of bands attributed to the bulk water, different states of the hydrated water and the changed conformation of BLG are proposed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2010

Kjeldahl method used in many materials from various plant parts to determine protein contents, is laborious and time-consuming and utilizes hazardous chemicals. Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy, a rapid and environmentally benign technique, was investigated as a potential method for the prediction of protein content. Near-infrared reflectance spectra(1100-2400 nm) of coarse cereal grains(n=100 for each germplasm) were obtained using a dispersive spectrometer as both of grain itself and flour ground, and total protein contents determined according to Kjeldahl method. Using multivariate analysis, a modified partial least-squares model was developed for prediction of protein contents. The model had a multiple coefficient of determination of 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, 0.96 and 0.99 for foxtail millet, sorghum, millet, adzuki bean and mung bean germplasm, respectively. The model was tested with independent validation samples (n=10 for each germplasm). All samples were predicted with the coefficient of determination of 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, 0.91 and 0.99 for foxtail millet, sorghum, millet, adzuki bean and mung bean germplasm, respectively. The results indicate that NIR reflectance spectroscopy is an accurate and efficient tool for determining protein content of diverse coarse cereal germplasm for nutrition labeling of nutritional value. On the other hands appropriate condition of cereal material to predict protein using NIR was flour condition of grains.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.312-317
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• 2013

Purpose: Conventional methods used to evaluate seeds viability are destructive, time consuming, and require the use of chemicals, which are not feasible to implement to process plant in seed industry. In this study, the effectiveness of Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy to differentiate between viable and nonviable watermelon seeds was investigated. Methods: FT-NIR reflectance spectra of both viable and non-viable (aging) seeds were collected in the range of 4,000 - 10,000 $cm^{-1}$ (1,000 - 2,500 nm). To differentiate between viable and non-viable seeds, a multivariate classification model was developed with partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). Results: The calibration and validation set derived from the PLS-DA model classified viable and non-viable seeds with 100% accuracy. The beta coefficient of PLS-DA, which represented spectral difference between viable and non-viable seeds, showed that change in the chemical component of the seed membrane (such as lipids and proteins) might be responsible for the germination ability of the seeds. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the possibility of using FT-NIR spectroscopy to separate seeds based on viability, which could be used in the development of an online sorting technique.