• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2017

We have studied on the keratinocytes differentiation and skin barrier function using Adenophorae radix (A. radix) root extract, which was known to contain triterpenoid, saponin and starch. A. radix root extracts showed the $PPAR{\alpha}$ expression level of Wy-14,643 $0.5-1.0{\mu}M$ in CV-1 cells. The cornified envelop formation (CE) of human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and normal human keratinocyte (NHK) showed a statistically significant increased compared to the control. When HaCaT cells were treated with A. radix root extract, transglutaminase (TGase-1) was significantly increased. As a result of clinical study of the simple cosmetic formulation containing A. radix root extract for about 2 weeks, TEWL values were significantly decreased and water contents were increased. The ceramides, which were obtained from the inner forearm, were also significantly increased statistically. We suggest that the A. radix root extract can be used as a preventive and therapeutic agent for skin diseases such as dry skin and atopy.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 1999

The 'Hard Matte' was the method being wide-screen to the directors wanted more vivid and made real films to the audience at the beginning of cinematography. The hard matte have changed as unique device in films as opening and closing credit titles making impressions which being captured strongly to the people at the time the wide-screen has developed. In HDTV has invented in NHK the hard matte is called 'letter box style and on music video channel we can see the style as easily. That kind of hard matte images on music video have effected to commercial films are seen recently. But some of commercial films have problems like only expending horizontal way. The hard matte is one of important ways that could regulate the art contents with art form. Korean film image makers as directors and production designers must know the role and function of hard matter has arranged reasonable in foreign films.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.275-290
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• 1998

Nowadays, mankind is suffering from serious pollutions. In proportion to industrial modernization, polltional problems have been increased and arised new one endlessly. Todays, we are cope with a newkind pollution materials threatening the life of mankind with root out. It is Environmental Hormon, that is, Endocrine Disrupting Chemical(EDs). EDs was made by dioxin, PCB, DDT, cadmium, lead, ether and even diethylstillbestrol(DES) that used to contraceptive pill etc. These EDs makes changing from normal human hormon to abnormal one and it kill off or fade out spermatozoa. Then the spermatozoa was infected with EDs makes man imposex, sexual malformations and infertility also. It is the more critical phenomenons that EDs invade into the field of wild-life; birds, invertebrate animals, fishes, mammalia especially. England TV(BBC) journalist Cadury, D. introduced a lot of case studies that many kind of male animals was changed feminization by EDs in her book (The Feminization of Nature;1997). Otherwise, Gibbs, P.E. and Bryan, G. W. reported about dog-whelk snail (a sort of sea shell) was changed gender from male to female by EDs in their study. Briefly speaking, Environmental Hormon (EDs) stem from polluted materials maloperate human and animal informational codes of hormon. It is a significant event to an individual ontogeny and ecological system. To overcome these problem WHO, OECD, UNEP held many work-shops, international seminars and researches but it is not enough yet. On May of 1997, the International Meeting of Environmental Administrators makes a $\ulcorner$Declaration on EDs Problems$\lrcorner$ for solving it fortunately and NHK(japan) reported Super Critical Fluid as a new materials for decrease toxicity of dioxin in recent. Key Words : Environmental Hormon, EDs, imposex feminization, gender, DES, spermatozoa. Super Critical Fluid.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 2020

Right before the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937-1954), the Great Eastern Broadcasting Station (GEBS) was established in Shanghai under the aegis of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (MOFA). Prior to the launching of the GEBS, Japan had not owned similar radio stations in China for years. As a result, the Embassy of Japan in China held rounds of discussions on the plan and Japanese governments, ranging from the MOFA, the Navy, the Army, the Ministry of Communications (MOC), and NHK-Japan Broadcasting Corporation (Nihon Hoso Kyoku) provided financial, technological, and equipment support. In the mid-1930s when the Sino-Japanese relations became intensified, the GEBS assumed the primary role of disseminating government policies to over 30,000 Japanese expatriates in Shanghai to make sure that they could remain settled while supporting military endeavors of the Japanese army once the war between China and Japanese broke out. After 1937, the GEBS became an essential propaganda tool to advance imperial policies of Japan. Although the station differed from the Army-controlled Greater Shanghai Broadcasting Station (Dai Shanhai Hoso Kyoku) in many aspects, it was in line with the latter in terms of advancing wartime ideology of the Japanese empire. As the Japanese-occupied areas were enlarged, target audience of the GEBS also expanded to Chinese people and foreign nationals when Japanese, English, Russian, and Shanghai-dialect news was broadcast by the station. Suffice it to say that the GEBS was closely related to wartime propaganda of the Japanese imperial expansion.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.13-30
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• 2017

Referred to as a 'media war,' there is a fierce competition for media discourse between different countries. Twenty four hour global news channels like Al Jazeera, France 24, RT, NHK World, China's CCTV and teleSUR emerged to offer their own perspectives and stance in the global society, and to face the monopolization and distorted information created by the hegemony of English news channels which have swayed international public opinions for a long time. As a tool of public diplomacy, the media's role in determining the image of the nation and winning the 'Hearts and Minds' of the international community is decisive, but it cannot be said that they all have a similar influence or play a positive role in media diplomacy. A global news channel, which is both a media diplomatic subject and a journalism organization, can be in the position of acting as a public relations organization or a propaganda agency for the government depending on the regime's attitude because most of global news channels receive support from the government. Sometimes it is difficult for these media to implement quality journalism because of financial difficulties. Media discourse also has limitations in that it is dependent upon changes in foreign policy of its own government. This study examines the current status of global news channels, the dilemma these channels are facing, and suggests some potential directions that can be taken by global news channels in order to become more effective. It is becoming increasingly important for all nations to respond to distorted information about their own countries, to appropriately identify various issues and changes in the international community and to convey their views and positions to the international community. For now, there is a lack of awareness about the importance of media diplomacy in Korea: There are many English-language media, but as yet no global news channel which could have an influence on the international stage. However, there seems to be some understanding about the need for the media to present the Korean alternative discourse to the senseless dependency on Western media. We hope that this study will be an opportunity to think in depth about the attitude of the Korean global media, whether existing global media or new global news channels, in order to help them become more effective in media diplomacy.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.17-22
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• 2002

만약 사용자가 원하는 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 원하는 시간에 TV를 통해서 볼 수 있게 된다면, 다시 말해서 보고 싶을 때, 보고 싶은 방송을 포함한 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 원하는 시간에 바로 볼 수 있게 된다면 사용자는 방송시간에 맞추어 TV를 보지 않아도 되고 원하는 콘텐츠를 검색하느라 시간을 보낼 필요도 없어질 것이다. 예약 녹화의 경우에는 시간정보를 가지고 미리 예약을 해야 하는 경우이므로 이와는 다른 경우라 하겠다. 이러한 서비스는 바로 디지털 콘텐츠와 이를 가정에서 저장할 수 있는 장치의 발달이 바탕이 되고 있다.(표 1 생략, 원문이미지 참조) 표 1은 영국의 BBC사에서 1998년에 조사한 자료로 디지털 멀티미디어 데이터를 저장하고 재생할 수 있는 저장장치의 가격과 용량의 전망을 나타낸다. 여기에서 데이터는 5.5 Mbps급의 MPEG-2 스트림을 기준으로 하였다. 표 1에서 보수적 견해는 매 18개월마다, 현실적 견해는 매 10개월마다 동일 가격의 용량이 2배가 되는 것으로 계산한 것이다. 여기서 보듯 저장장치의 가격 대비 성능이 갈수록 나아지고 있어 가정에서 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 저장할 수 있는 가정용 서버의 등장이 멀지 않았음을 보여준다. 1999년 가을에 활동을 접은 DAVIC의 마지막 활동이 바로 이러한 저장장치를 이용한 "TV Anytime Service"였다 . Anytime Ser vice란 저장장치를 통해 사용자가 원하는 콘텐츠를 저장해 놓았다가 사용자가 원하는 시간에 언제나 볼 수 있다는 개념이다. 이를 소비자관점에서 보면 Personalized service라고 할 수 있다. 이어 1999년 여름에 창설이 된 "TV Anytime Forum"이라는 단체에서 이러한 저장장치를 이용한 서비스를 위한 환경을 구축하고 있다. TV Anytime Forum은 가정에서 저장장치가 있는 단말인 PDR(Personal Digital Recorder)을 이용한 서비스, 즉 Anytime Service 위한 응용을 가능하게 하기위한 콘텐트 개발자에서부터 가전기기에 이르는 분야에서 Interoperable한 규격을 만들어 보자는 것이 그 목적이다. 특히 여러가지 디지털미디어 전달방식, 예를 들어 DVB, ATSC, ARIB 등에 독립적인 규격을 만드는 것을 원칙으로 하고 있다. 1999년 7월에 첫 번째 회의를 하면서 설립이 되었다. 2001년 말 기준으로 BBC, NHK, Microsoft, Sony, IBM, Phillips, NTT, Intel, Canal+, Tivo, 대우전자, 삼성전자, LG전자, KETI, ETRI 등 콘텐츠 사업자, 방송업자, 네트웍 사업자, 가전업체, 소프트웨어 개발회상에 이르기까지 총 157개 회원사로 구성되어 있으며 년 6회 회의를 개최한다. 2000년 11월에는 서울에서 회의를 개최하였으며 2003년 6월에 다시 한국에서 개최하기로 확정되어 있다. 본 글에서는 이러한 Anytime Service 환경이 구축되었을 때의 각 산업별로 얻을 수 있는 이득에 대해서 알아보고 TV Anytime Forum의 각 Working Group들의 작업 내용들, 그리고 지난 1월에 열렸던 15차 회의의 결과들에 대해서 살펴보고 국내의 TV Anytime 활동에 대해서 간단하게 소개하고 마치도록 하겠다. 현재 디지털 방송기술, 비디오 스트리밍 기술이나 MPEG 등과 같은 기술수준으로도 충분히 이러한 서비스를 시작할 수 있으며 소비자들도 이러한 욕구를 서서히 느끼고 있다. 정보와 서비스를 선택할 수 있게 만들자는 목표를 설정하고 있다. 이러 목표는 통신$.$컴퓨터$.$멀티미디어 기술발전으로 가능하게 되었다.