• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1357-1364
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• 2013

Human skin is continuously exposed to ultraviolet (UV)-induced photoaging. UVA increases the activity of MMP-1 in dermal fibroblasts through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38, signaling. The irradiation of keratinocytes by UVA results in the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and the stimulation of MMP-1 in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a component of the cell wall of gram-positive Lactobacillus spp. of bacteria. LTA is well known as an anti-inflammation molecule. LTA of the bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum has an anti-photoaging effect, but the potential anti-photoaging effect of the other bacteria has not been examined to date. The current study showed that L. sakei LTA (sLTA) has an immune modulating effect in human monocyte cells. Our object was whether inhibitory effects of sLTA on MMP-1 are caused from reducing the MAPK signal in NHDFs. It inhibits MMP-1 and MAPK signaling induced by UVA in NHDFs. We also confirmed effects of sLTA suppressing TNF-${\alpha}$ inducing MMP-1 in NHDFs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.775-783
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• 2016

The identification of novel reagents that exert a biological ultraviolet (UV)-protective effect in skin cells represents an important strategy for preventing UV-induced skin aging. To this end, we investigated the potential protective effects of Ettlia sp. YC001 extracts against UV-induced cellular damage in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). We generated four different extracts from Ettlia sp. YC001, and found that they exhibit low cytotoxicity in NHDFs. The ethyl acetate extract of Ettlia sp. YC001 markedly decreased UVB-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract significantly inhibited the production of hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species. Moreover, it inhibited UVB-induced thymine dimers, as confirmed by luciferase assay and thymine dimer dot-blot assay. Thus, the study findings suggest Ettlia sp. YC001 extract as a novel photoprotective reagent on UVB-induced cell dysfunctions in NHDFs.

• International Journal of Molecular Medicine
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.1641-1652
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• 2019

Conditioned media from various sources comprise numerous growth factors and cytokines and are known to promote the regeneration of damaged tissues. Among these, natural killer cell conditioned medium (NK-CdM) has been shown to stimulate collagen synthesis and the migration of fibroblasts during the wound healing process. With a long-term aim of developing a treatment for skin photoaging, the ability of NK-CdM to prevent ultraviolet-B (UV-B) damage was assessed in neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and an in vitro reconstructed skin model. The factors present in NK-CdM were profiled using an antibody array analysis. Protein and mRNA levels in UV-B exposed NHDFs treated with NK-CdM were measured by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity of NK-CdM was determined to assess its ability to suppress reactive oxygen species. The anti-photoaging effect of NK-CdM was also assessed in a 3D reconstituted human full skin model. NK-CdM induced proliferation of UV-B-treated NHDFs, increased procollagen expression, and decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression. NK-CdM also exhibited a potent antioxidant activity as measured by the total antioxidant capacity. NK-CdM inhibited UV-B-induced collagen degradation by inactivating MAPK signaling. NK-CdM also elicited potential anti-wrinkle effects by inhibiting the UV-B-induced increase in MMP-1 expression levels in a 3D reconstituted human full skin model. Taken together, the suppression of both UV-B-induced MMP-1 expression and JNK activation by NK-CdM suggests NK-CdM as a possible candidate anti-skin aging agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2023

Protection of skin cells from chronic infrared-A (IRA) irradiation is crucial for anti-photoaging of the skin. In this study, we investigated the protective activity of Rg3(S) and Rg3(S)-incorporated anionic soybean lecithin liposomes (Rg3/Lipo) with a size of approximately 150 nm against IRA-induced photodamage in human fibroblasts. The formulated Rg3/Lipo showed increased solubility in aqueous solution up to a concentration of 200 ㎍/ml, compared to free Rg3(S). In addition, Rg3/Lipo exhibited superior colloidal stability in aqueous solutions and biocompatibility for normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). After repeated IRA irradiation on NHDFs, elevated levels of cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were greatly reduced by Rg3(S) and Rg3/Lipo. In addition, cells treated with Rg3/Lipo exhibited noticeably reduced apoptotic signals following IRA irradiation compared to untreated cells. Thus, considering aqueous solubility and cellular responses, Rg3/Lipo could serve as a promising infrared protector for healthy aging of skin cells.

• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

The identification of compounds with anti-senescence activity in cell culture system is a first step in aging research. Given that pyruvate can be used energy source by conversion to acetyl-CoA in mitochondria, and protects cultured cell from various stress-induced cell damage and cell death, synthetic media (e.g., DMEM) often includes 1 mM pyruvate, which is very higher than the pyruvate concentration in human blood (approximately 30 ��M). However, the use of medium containing high concentration of pyruvate is not suitable for screening anti-senescence compounds, because pyruvate also protects against the cellular senescence of primary human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) through NAD+ generated during conversion to lactate. In this study, four extracts, i.e., Sprouted seed and fruit complex, Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract, Jaum balancing complex, and Prunus mume extract were used for evaluation of different anti-senescence effect in the absence or presence of 0.1 mM pyruvate, similar to the physiological pyruvate concentration. The senescence in NHDFs cultured with DMEM in the presence of 0.1 mM pyruvate (approximately the physiological concentration in human blood) is accelerated, as observed in pyruvate deprivation conditions. The cytotoxicity of the Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract was protected by pyruvate, and Jaum balancing complex and Prunus mume extract had anti-senescence activity in the presence of 0.1 mM pyruvate, but not in the absence of pyruvate. Given that pyruvate is a powerful protector against both cytotoxicity and cellular senescence, the screening of candidate agents for anti-senescence in high pyruvate conditions using an in vitro cell culture system is not valid. Therefore, we recommend the use of a low concentration of pyruvate to evaluate the anti-senescence effects of candidates, which is more similar to in vivo aging conditions than excessive stress-induced senescence models, to exclude the effect of excessive pyruvate in vitro.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2023

자외선 B 조사는 세포의 산화 스트레스, 광노화, 염증을 유발하여 피부 질환을 유발한다. 본 연구의 목적은 인간 피부 섬유아세포에서 자외선 B 조사로 유도된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 모린의 보호 효과를 연구하는 것이다. 모린은 산화적 스트레스로 매개된 질환, 신경 퇴행성 질환, 염증의 잠재적인 치료 후보로 보고되었다. 모린이 항산화제로 보고되고 있기에, 본 연구에서는 모린이 피부 섬유아세포에서 산화적 스트레스 억제를 통한 UVB 유도 아포토시스를 완화할 수 있다고 추측했다. 세포생존율과 세포 내 활성 산소종레벨은 각각 MTT 분석법, H2DCFDA 및 DHE 형광 염색 방법을 사용하여 측정하였다. 단백질 카르보닐 형성과 지질 과산화는 ELISA 키트를 사용하여 측정하였다. DNA 분절법, comet assay는 산화적 DNA 손상을 평가하는데 사용되었다. Apoptosis 현상은 TUNEL 분석 및 Hoechst 33342 염색법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 아포토시스 관련 단백질의 발현은 Western blot 분석을 사용하였다. 모린은 자외선 B로 유도된 활성 산소종을 제거하고, 항산화 관련 단백질을 증가시켜 지질 과산화, 단백질 카르보닐화 및 DNA 손상을 억제하여 세포를 보호하였다. 모린은 항아포토시스 단백질 Bcl-2의 발현 증가 및 Bax, caspase-9와 caspase-3 발현을 억제함으로써 자외선 B로 유도된 세포 사멸로부터 보호하였다. 이러한 효과는 또한 p38 및 JNK 1/2의 인산화 감소에 의해 매개되었다. 따라서 모린이 자외선 B로 유도된 피부 손상에 대한 예방/치료 약물로 개발될 수 있음을 나타낸다.