• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the number of measurements and visits for blood pressure measurement. We also analyzed the change of blood pressure based on the measurement method and measurement interval. Methods : Data of three clinical trials evaluating the effect of acupuncture, moxibustion, and qigong for pre and mild essential hypertension were used. Blood pressure was measured 3 times each visit with 1 or 5 minutes interval, and it was checked until $3^{rd}$ visit. Two trials used sphygmomanometer and another one trial used automatic device for blood pressure measurement. Results : The mean difference between $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$, and $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ measurement were significant in systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001). However, in automated measurement or measuring with 1 minute interval, the difference between $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ was not significant. The mean of $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ measurements was also significantly different from the mean of all three measurements in both systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001). While the difference between each visit was not significant in diastolic blood pressure, the systolic blood pressure difference was significant between $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ visit in automated and manual measurement. Conclusion : The mean of two measurements and three measurements were significantly different. The change of blood pressure was different according to the method and interval of blood pressure measurement.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.989-1002
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation on human gingival tissues. The patients, who were planned to be treated by clinical crown lengthening procedure and gingivectomy, were selected. All the patients received oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing at preoperation. The crest of gingival tissue on upper and lower anterior teeth was irradiated by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser(El. EN. EN060, Italy) with a fiber optic of 300 m in contact mode for 20 seconds. Gingival tissues were divided into 4 groups according to the laser power of 1.0W(10Hz, 100mJ), 2.0W(20Hz, 100mJ), 3.0W(30Hz, 100mJ) and 4.0W(40Hz, 100mJ). Immediately after the laser irradiation, the specimens were excised, fixed 10% neutral formalin, sectioned $4-6{\mu}m$ thick, stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff stain and observed under light microscope. The removed tissue depth and the coagulated layer depth due to a laser irradiation by a laser irradiation were measured on the microphotographs. The difference of measurements according to the different laser power was statistical1y analyzed by Kruskal Wallis Test with SAS program. The results were as follows : 1. In histologic findings of irradiated gingival tissues; a. In the irradiated gingival specimen with 1.0W laser power, some vesicles were observed in limited superficial layer of gingival epithelium. b. In the irradiated gingival specimen with 2.0W and 3.0W laser power, the epithelium was almost removed except for the traces of viable basal cell remnants at ret peg, and coagulation necrosis related with the thermal effect of laser was noted. c. In the irradiated gingival specimen with 4.0W laser power, complete removal of epithelium, partial removal of underlying connective tissue, and the coagulation necrosis of subjacent gingival tissue were shown. 2. The removed tissue depth was deeper in the irradiated specimens with higher power. There was a statistical significance in the difference of removed tissue depth between 1.0W group ($44.54{\pm}6.99um$) and 3.0W group ($99.75{\pm}6.64{\mu}m$), and between 1.0W group($44.54{\pm}6.99{\mu}m$) and 4.0W group($111.36{\pm}4.50{\mu}m$), and between 2.0W group($98.01{\pm}4.53{\mu}m$) and 4.0W group($111.36{\pm}4.50{\mu}m$)(P<0.05). 3. The coagulated layer depth was deeper in the irradiated specimens with higher power. There was a statistical significance in the difference of coagulated layer depth between 1.0W group($31.82{\pm}8.99{\mu}m$) and 3.0W group($55.99{\pm}20.94{\mu}m$), and between 1.0W group($31.82{\pm}8.99{\mu}m$) and 4.0W group($83.68{\pm}10.34{\mu}m$)(P<0.05). From this study, the results demonstrated that the effects of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation on gingival tissues seemed to depend on the laser power and that the irradiation with high power could be harmful to adjacent healthy tissue.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.3-5
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• 2001

ZnO thin films are deposited on $SiO_2$/Si (111) substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. The two-step deposition method is proposed to enhance both the c-axis orientation and the resistivity of ZnO films. This method consists of the following two procedures: the 1 st-deposition for 30 min without oxygen at l00W and the 2nd-deposition with oxygen added in the range of $O_2/(Ar+O_2)=10{\sim}50%$. Effects of thermal treatment on the properties of ZnO films are systematically investigated.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.36.1-36.1
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• 2009

최근 각종 환경 규제와 자동차의 안전성 증대를 위해 고장력 자동차 강판의 수요가 증대되고 있다. 차량의 많은 강판 비중을 차지하는 외판재의경우 안전성과 경량화를 위해서는 고장력강판이 유리하지만, 일반적으로 강도가 증가함에 따라 성형성이 감소되어 자동차 생산에 커다란 문제를 야기 시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자동차용 고장력강판의 집합조직 제어를 통해 강도의 변화없이 성형성을 증대시키고자, 고장력 자동차용 강판의 집합조직의 특징을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 강판은 $\gamma$-fiber (ND//[111]) 조직이 증가할수록 성형성의 증대를 가져올 수 있으며, 이는 압연과 열처리등의 공정 조건에 의해 제어된다. 자동차용 고강도강판의 열처리는 연속소둔방식으로 행하였으며, XRD와 EBSD 등을 통한 집합조직과 기계적인 특성을 분석하였다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 1974

In order to collect some necessary data to promote correcting the toothbrushing technic on the Korean public, the author had examined the number of present teeth on which had cervical abrasion and the most basic home dental care in 2,000 Korean male and female adults from 19 to 52 years in the age. Then, the cervical abrasion experience rate and the cervical abrasion experience teeth rate were calculated and evaluated. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Cervical abrasion experience rate was 32.45% 2. Cervical abrasion experience rate was gradually increased by ageing. 3. Cervical abrasion experience rate in male adults was higher than that in female adults. 4. Cervical abrasion experience rate in the lower jaw was higher than that in the upper jaw. 5. Cervical abrasion experience rate of the teeth at the right side was higher than that of the teeth at the left side. 6. Cervical abrasion experience teeth rate was 3.82%. 7. Cervical abrasion experience rate was highest on the first bicuspid, and followed in the sequence of the second bicuspid, canine, first molar, incisors, and 2nd and 3rd molars.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.111-124
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• 1995

This paper discuss on the strategies for rural economic development Maul purposes of this paper are as follow: First, to review importance of economic promotion in the integrated rural developmental scheme, Second, to identify structural problems of rural economy, and Third, to suggest promotional strategies for the development of rural economy. Economic vitalization is the very important strategy to support daily life of rural population. Since rural economy heavily depends on agricultural sector which has relatively low productivities, diversification of rural economy through introduction of 2nd and 3rd industrial sector is one of the most urgent tasks in rural Korea. Integrated, localized, and planning oriented approaches with reformation of incentive system for the development of rural economy are strongly recommended as new strategies.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2004

The sheet formability of single AA5182 sheets and sandwich sheets comprising of AA5182/polypropylene/AA5182 (AA/PP/AA) was studied. Rolling without lubrication and subsequent recrystallization annealing led to the formation of favorable ｛111｝//ND fiber textures in AA5182 sheets, which provided a higher plastic strain ratio of $R_m=1.5$. $R_m$ value of 1.58 was obtained in the AA/PP/Ah sandwich sheet sample. Furthermore, a proper combination of the sample direction of the upper and lower skin sheet gave rise to an optimization of the sheet formability of the sandwich sheets.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

Rhabdomyosarcoma, when it occurs in the head and neck, is primarily found in children. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is rarely seen in the oral lesion, comparing to the embryonal and the pleomorphic variants. This is a report of a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in the mandible in a ten-year old girl who complained of a non-painful swelling on the right cheek. The right lower 1st molar was mobile. Her radiographs revealed an extensive radiolucency with somewhat irregular border on the right mandibular ramus. The right mandibular 1st and 2nd molars lost their lamina dura and were floating. CT images revealed smooth-outlined soft tissue mass occupying the pterygomandibular space, the infratemporal space, and the masseteric muscle with thinning and perforation of the right mandibular angle and ramus. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings established the final diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure the life satisfaction of after-school classes. For this purpose, utilizing the theoretical background and the findings of previous studies, 147 questions from eight factors were selected for the 1st draft and 67 questions were selected for the 2nd draft by reviewing the validity of the contents after consulting with eleven professionals. A preparatory survey and factor analysis was then conducted using 291 people and a total of 32 questions were extracted from four sub-factors. Exploratory factor analysis by principal component analysis was conducted and orthogonal rotation was conducted by means of the VARIMAX method. The reliability of the class environment, operation management, program and teacher relationship sector were found to be very high. It is suggested that this study can be of great benefit in developing a child-centered scale and it's reliability was also found to be high.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.24-26
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• 2003

We fabricated Ni and Ni alloy substrates for YBCO coated conductors. The Ni and Ni alloy substrate was fabricated by powder metallurgy technique and cold rolling. The texture of substrates had a strong 4-fold symmetry and ［111］∥ND texture after annealing temperature of 100$0^{\circ}C$. The measured full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of in-plane and out-of-plane was in the range of 6$^{\circ}$-10$^{\circ}$. The powder metallurgy technique is fabrication of the substrates for considered to be suitable for the application of YBCO coated conductors.