• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1551-1559
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare benthic macroinvertebrate communities of urban stream and nature stream in Daegu-si, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsan-si, Andong-si, and Cheongsong-gun. The survey was carried out with 12 points in total six points for urban stream, six points for nature stream from Sept. 2011 to July 2012. In the urban stream were 33 species belonged to 24 families, 11 orders, 7 classes and 4 phyla while in the nature stream were 73 species belonged to 38 families, 12 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. In general, species diversity indices and species richness indices appeared low in urban stream but dominance indices was high. Functional feeding groups and Habitat Oriented Groups appeared comparatively simple in urban stream rather than nature stream. As a result of analysis of community stability, species included to area I and area III equally appeared in nature stream while species included to area I mostly appeared in urban stream. An analysis of the correlation between the population density and the number of species, the population number and biological indicators such as DI, H', RI, and ESB revealed that there was a significant correlativity with the diversity index and a very high correlativity with the number of species, abundance index and the ESB. On the other hand, the population number and the dominance index did not reveal any correlativity. For indicator species, Hydroptila KUa, Physa acuta appeared in urban stream while Paraleptophlebia chocolata, Epeorus pellucidus appeared in nature stream.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2016

Purpose: This paper is an attempt to explicate the principle of space and form-making in Le Corbusier's architecture from the viewpoint of integrating and relating architecture with the natural landscape. It shows thereby how the geometrical element of architecture and the non-geometrical element of the nature coexist in terms of form. It also explains how space is deployed for the construction of cognitive system between natural landscape and architectural scenery in terms of space, hoping to make a contribution to design method of contemporary house as an elementary datum. Method: Three issues are studied, focusing on the designs around nineteenth thirties in the earliest phase of Le Corbusier: How architectural form and nature is related, how natural greens is introduced into urbanism, and how natural landscape is introduced to house design. 1) it is studied how the relation between the nature and the formal elements of purism in Le Corbusier's architecture is formed. 2) it is studied how the relation between the nature and architecture proposed in Le Corbusier's urbanism is formed. 3) Le Corbusier's "four compositions" is analyzed in terms of relation-formation between architectural space and the nature. 4) it is studied how the natural landscape is introduced to Le Corbusier's house-design in the form of architectural promenade. Result: It has been found out that the natural landscape in Le Corbusier's architecture is not just a simple background, but a necessary element for the consummation of form and space in his architecture, and that architectural inspiration is maximized with coexistence with nature.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

1. Objectives: This research aims to study the general overview of the theories on the covetous desire and the relevant theories on cultivation mentioned in "Donguisusebowon (東醫壽世保元): Theories on Nature and Conduct (性命論)". 2. Methods: The theories concerning the covetous desire introduced in Dong-Mu's manuscripts, including "Gyukchigo 格致藁)", "Yougocho (遺稿抄)", "Dongmuyougo (東武遺稿)" and "Jaejungsinpyun (濟衆新編)", were comprehensively reviewed. Furthermore, the significance of the theories on the covetous desire and the relevant theories on self-cultivation were studied within the context of "Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元): Theories on Nature and Conduct (性命論)". 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) Among the four covetous desires (selfishness (私心), indiscretion (放心), indolence(逸心), acquisitiveness (慾心)), selfishness and acquisitiveness are the interpersonal components that deal with the relationship between individuals, whereas indiscretion and indolence are the intra-personal or self-concerned components that deal with the internal desires within the individual. 2) In the early concepts on the quaternity explaining the perspective on the human being as introduced in Dongmu's earlier manuscripts, the four covetous desires are thought of as the most important etiological components, that are also intimately related to the theories of self-cultivation. 3) Among the concepts introduced in "Donguisusebowon (東醫壽世保元): Theories on Nature and Conduct (性命論)", viciousness (邪心) and negligence (怠心) are primary, intra-personal (self-concerned) desires that are henceforth matched to indiscretion and indolence, respectively, while selfishness (arrogance, assertiveness, indiscrimination and exaggeration (驕矜伐夸)) and acquisitiveness (violation, extravagance, slothfulness and stealthiness(奪侈懶竊)) are secondary, interpersonal desires. 4) 'Preserving the mind (存其心)' and 'rectifying the body (修其身)' are Methods of overcoming viciousness (indiscretion) and negligence (indolence), the intrapersonal desires, while 'nurturing the nature (養其性)' and 'propping the course (立其命)' are Methods of eliminating selfishness and acquisitiveness, the interpersonal desires, which ultimately each leads to the completion of Nature (性) and Conduct/Course (命).

• 영어어문교육
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• 제5호
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• pp.259-272
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• 1999

The real nature of the west wind in Shelley's Ode to the West Wind is the divine providence which influences all things in this world- that is, whether they are on land, in the sky, or in the sea. The divine providence is the manifestation of something beyond the present and tangibel object. In the first stanza, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is the wild wind, the breath of Autumn's being, the unseen presence, the azure sister of the Spring, a Destroyer, a Preserver, the winged seed, a creator, a philosopher, a poet, Shelley, and the wild spirit moving everywhere. In the second stanza, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is cloud, the angel of rain and lightning, fierce Maenad, the approaching storm, the congregated might, the black rain, the fire, hail, solid atmosphere, the tremendous power of revolutionary change, and the power that influences all things in the sky. In the third stanza, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is the voice that makes the oozy woods which wear the sapless foliage of the Atlantic, and the power makes the blue Mediterranean wake from his summer dream. the fit medium of expression which Shelley's soul was seeking for, Shelley's passion, Shelley's partner, Shelley's co-worker, and a strong presence which influences in the sea. In the fourth stanza, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is the mightest presence, the power, the strength, the free presence, the uncontrollable, the wanderer over heaven, a vision, the tameless, the swift, the proud and the God who can save Shelley form the heavy weight of hours and lift Shelley as a wave a leaf, a cloud. In the fifth stanza, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is the mighty harmony, the fierce Spirit, Shelley's spirit, the impetuous spirit, incanation of this verse, spark, the trumpet of a prophecy, the Providence which can make the Winter depart and call Spring, and the prophet. To conclude, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is Shelley's accumulated insight that he visulize his impulse of revolutionary thought.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2017

This study aimed to develop strategies to re-establish the Park Nature Conservation Area in Bukhansan National Park, reflecting landscape ecological value by using the zonation program Marxan with Zones. Planning unit was set by watershed, and the basic data were mapped, considering topographical and ecological values. Mapped indicators were analyzed with the application framework of Marxan with Zones by indexing some indicators. The zones divided into Park Nature Conservation Area (Zone A), Park Nature Environment Area I(Zone B) which is reflected on the concept of Potential Park Nature Conservation Area and Park Nature Environment Area II(Zone C). The best solution for each of the scenarios was fixed through the sensitiveness analysis. From these, the final solution was selected considering five criteria including area ratio of conservation area and grouping. Lastly, the final solution was verified in the overlapped analysis with recent zonation. According to the results, the number of watersheds was 77, with an average area of $1,007,481m^2$. In terms of basic mapping and indexation, the slope index and number of landscape resources for topographical property were average 0.22 and 38 places, respectively. Biotope index was average 0.69 and legally protected species was 14 species, reflecting ecological values. As the social and economic indicators, trail index was average 0.04, and the number of tour and management facilities was 43 places. Through the framework of Marxan with Zones, the best solution for scenario 1 which was set by the highest conservation criteria was selected as the final solution, and the area ratio of Park Nature Conservation Area and grouping was excellent. As the result of overlapped analysis, suggested zonation of the Park Nature Conservation was better than the recent zonation in the area raito (28.3%), biotope grade I(15.4%) and the distribution points (10 places) of legally protected species with verification of proper distribution of conservation features according to the zone.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1158-1172
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• 2004

이 연구는 중등학생들이 가지고 있는 자연에 대한 관점중 인식론적 관점과 존재론적 관점과 그러한 관점의 원인을 알아보고자 하였다. 156명의 중등학생들이 참여했고, 자료는 설문지를 통해 수집되었다. 이 설문지는 선행연구에 기초하여 연구자들에 의해 개발되었다. 연구 결과, 중등학생들의 자연에 대한 관점 중에는 자연은 알 수 없다는 인식론적 관점이 가장 많았다. 이러한 관점의 근원은 자연의 규칙성과 조화, 예측 가능한 자연 현상, 자연 현상의 순환 과정이나 인과 관계, 자연과 인간과의 관계 등으로 매우 다양하였다. 중등학생들의 존재론적 관점에는 초자연적인 관점이 가장 많았다. 존재론적 관점들 중에서 학생들의 초자연적 관점은 그들의 신학적 측면의 영향이 광범위하게 나타났다. 과학이 다루는 세상이면서 동시에 과학의 대상물이 존재하는 물질세계인 자연에 대한 인식론적 관점과 존재론적 관점은 학습자가 과학 학습을 어떻게 이해하는지에 대한 바탕을 제공하는 중요한 자료가 된다. 앞으로 학생들이 가지고 있는 자연에 대한 인식론적 관점과 존재론적 관점과 그들의 과학 학습 과정 사이의 관련성의 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2006

Contemporary society is lately going through various changes in social, economic, and cultural aspects due to rapid growth of information and computer technology. The digital revolution generated from the development of network reflects the decentralizing characteristic that connects local and personal interconnections. The following paper is designed to develop a basic understanding of digital architecture and show that digital virtual reality is not accidental phenomenon but it is actually evolved from nature and recreated in cyber space. The relationship between nature and digital architecture will be explained through the background research of how digital architecture was born and how it has been transformed. Also, it is designed to find out modern trends of digital architecture through diagrams and virtual space of hyper architecture and follow up the new phenomena appearing in the field of architecture. It is said that digital architecture is a new trend of architecture created from computer bit but all architecture that has form and shape cannot be independent of nature. Nature is the root of everything and even mechanical abstraction such as 'digital' can find its form in the immanence melted in the pure essence of nature. The research found that the nature approach of digital architecture also needs no more than 5 sequential references to find its genuine sketch as the hypertext theory shows we need only 5 sequential references to prove we are all related. Additionally, the cyber space that is become a general living space and a indispensable factor of digital architecture is a space that has obscurity and more open culture. It represents the characteristics of contemporaries in various aspects of society.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.399-416
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between science teaching practices and beliefs about the nature of science. Defining teachers' beliefs as a broad construct, the researcher tried to examine not only the teachers' understanding about the nature of science, but also the effect and reflection in science teaching practices with regards to the nature of science. Guiding research questions were how the teachers' science teaching practices reflected their beliefs about the nature of science. The methodology of this study was qualitative approach that included interviews, classroom observations, and instructional materials. At an urban area of Korea, five beginning elementary teacher was chosen. The cross-case and grounded theory study design were adopted as data analysis process. The results of data analysis were checked by teachers for internal validity. This study identified the teachers' beliefs about the nature of science suggested by many researchers and revealed that these teachers' beliefs reflected a little in science teaching practices. On the occasion it was reflected, restricted merely within the narrow limits the way to teach the concepts and contents presented in science curriculum. In addition, some of the obstacles that these teachers' beliefs did not reflect the science teaching practices with regards to the nature of science were investigated in this study.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2007

이 연구에서는 교사양성 과정에 있는 예비 과학교사들의 과학의 본성에 대한 인식을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구참여자는 사범대학 과학교육학부 4학년에 재학 중인 학생 중에서 선정하였으며 물리교육 전공 5명, 생물교육 전공 8명, 지구과학교육 전공 1명, 화학교육 전공 8명으로 총 22명으로 구성되었다. 인식을 조사하기 위하여 개방형의 질문지를 개발하였다. 개발된 질문지는 크게 과학 지식의 본성, 과학적 방법의 본성, 과학이 미치는 영향의 세 가지 영역으로 이루어졌다. 면담은 반구조화된 형식으로 이루어졌으며, 참여자 1인당 평균 20분 정도 소요되었고, 면담 내용은 모두 녹음한 후 분석을 위하여 전사하였다. 대부분의 예비 과학교사들은 과학 지식의 가변성 및 발달적인 속성에 대해서는 비교적 이해를 잘 하고 있었으나 과학적 진설의 존재에 대한 이중적인 생각을 가지고 있었다. 대부분의 학생들은 과학이 개인 및 사회생활에 미친 영향으로 기술의 측면을 언급하고 있으며, 과학과 기술과의 관게에 대한 제한된 인식으로 가지고 있었다. 과학적 방법에 대해서는 가설연역적 방법을 이용한 실험연구가 더 과학적이라고 생각하는 경향이 있었으며 실험의 과정에 대해 일련의 정형화된 단계가 있는 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 이로부터 볼 때 예비 과학교사들은 과학의 본성의 다양한 측면들에 대해 제대로 이해하지 못하고 있으며 매우 제한된 인식을 갖고 있다고 생각된다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2007년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.7-19
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• 2007

[ ${\Box}$ ] Biomimetics is the abstraction of good design from nature. ${\Box}$ Nature works for Maximum achievement at Minimum effort. ${\Box}$ When designing a new product, we can often find the right qualities and properties in a natural product.