• 물과 미래
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 1995

본 연구에서는 자연하천에서 수집하기 용이한 수리량 자료로부터 종확산계수를 추정하는 공식을 개발하였다. 차원해석을 수행하여 물리적 의미를 가진 변수를 선정한 후, 종확산계수를 추정하는 회귀식을 유도하기 위하여 비선형 다중회귀방법의 하나인 One-Step Huber 방법을 적용하였다. I 단계 연구에서 분석한 바 있는 미국 전역의 26개 하천 59지점의 수리 및 농도자료를 사용하여 새로운 종확산계수 추정식을 개발하였다. 59지점의 자료중 35지점은 종확산계수를 추정하는 회귀식을 유도하는 데 사용하고, 나머지 24지점을 사용하여 유도한 회귀식을 검증하였다. 기존의 공식과 비교한 결과, 본 연구에서 개발한 추정식이 자연하천의 확산 특성을 보다 정확하게 설명할 수 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study are to insure flow rate for rural stream in the rural area. The analysis of drying stream characteristics for two streams(Bong-mu, Wang-jang stream) from field survey data. Also, a study area has been determined, and criteria of estimation has been established : criteria such as, available hydrological data, the size of stream lengths and basin areas and regional characteristics. The spacial analysis is applied to stream slopes for upstream and downstream at weirs, stream networks and ground water pump stations, sinuosity of drying stream. As a result of drying streams survey analysis, drying stream characteristics are followed; levee types are earth and natural, cross sectional shapes are trapezoid, stream bed materials are gravels and sands, facilities in streams are weirs. The cause of the reduction analyzed by investigation of the current status of facilities for agricultural water use. Agricultural reservoirs block up the stream and water does not flow over the reservoirs except by storm. They also discharge water through diversion channels and the water diverted does not flow through the natural stream. Farmers directly take water from the stream by weirs.

• Water Engineering Research
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.171-185
• /
• 2000

A mathematical model to adequately predict complex mixing characteristics of sorptive polluants in natural streams with pools-and-riffes has been developed. In this model, sorption of pollutants onto the bed sediment as well as mass storage and exchange in the storage zones were incorporated into one-dimensional mass balance equatins. The geometric and hydraulic characteristics of the pool-riffle sequences were properly conceptualized. Simulations with parameters of pool-and-riffle streams better fit the measured data in overall shape and peak concentration than simulations with parameters for uniform channels. The analyses on the characteristics of the storage zone model parameters reveal that a linear relationship between the logrithm of the storage zone volume ratio and a function of the friction factor exists. A linear relatiohship might also be tenatively assumed between the logarithm of the dimensionless mass exchange coefficient and the logarithm of the aspect ratio of the storage zone if some of the high values of the dimensionless mass exchange coefficient collected on the successive bed forms are excluded.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(1)
• /
• pp.335-336
• /
• 2005

• Water Engineering Research
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.131-147
• /
• 2005

Today, a trend that tries to return the artificial space of a river to a natural one is expanding. But in Korea, which lies in the monsoon climate zone, rivers endure flood damage every year. Moreover, climatic change from global warming causes severe variations in precipitation patterns. Until recently, river restoration practices in Korea have followed partial restoration. These restorative treatments transformed artificial structures of the stream to natural ones and introduced natural vegetation by imitating natural or semi-natural streams. Treatment transformed the riparian structure and increased the diversity of micro-topography and vegetation. Furthermore, restoration recovered species composition, increased species diversity, and inhibited the establishment of exotic species. In particular, the Suip stream, which was left to its natural process for approximately 50 years, recovered its natural features almost completely through passive restoration. An urban stream, the Yangjae, and a rural stream, the Dongmoon, were restored partially by applying ecological principles. On the contrary, technological treatment applied to recover flood damage induced species composition far from the natural vegetation and decreased species diversity. Additionally, this treatment increased exotic species. The same results were found also in benthic invertebrate and fish fauna. The above-mentioned results reflect the importance of ecological considerations in river management.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.26-37
• /
• 2004

Most domestic small rivers and streams due to industrialization and urbanization have managed by concrete structures. The environmental functions of the river and stream are disappearing and urban streams play only the role of drainage systems. Also, the researches to restore natural streams are something yet to develop and not established the restoration for ecological functions of a small stream. Therefore the researches are required to develop ecological engineering system for watershed management system to handle various pollutants with restoration for ecological functions of a small stream. To develop this, the ecological engineering system for watershed management system could be developed with ecological conservation. In addition, ecological engineering system for watershed management system should be prior to conserve the habitat of biological resources and water conservation and applied to the original shape of streams. Also, it should be designed to restore the micro-topography of stream, the habitat of plant population in watershed. It is needed to develop the integrated researches to restore a small stream ecosystem.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.401-407
• /
• 2002

태백산 일대 주변 계류의 어류상을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 한강수계에서는 3목 4과 8종이 채집 또는 확인되었는데 이중 버들치(R. oxycephalus)는 각 지점별 출현도와 개체수에서 우점종으로 나타났다. 한반도 고유 어종은 금강모치(R. kumgangensis)와 미유기(s. microdorsalis)의 2종이었다. 열목어(Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis)는 동남천의 상지류인 정암사 계곡의 일부에서 서식하고 있었다. 낙동강수계에서는 4목 7과 74종이 채집 또는 확인되었다. 출현도와 개체수에서 버들치(R. oxycephalus)가 우점이고 갈겨니(Z. temmincki)가 차우점이었다. 고유어종은 8종으로 57.1%의 점유율을 차지하였다. 천연기념물이며 특정보호야생동물로 지정된 열목어(Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis)는 백천계곡과 현동천 상류의 계곡에서 서식하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.9-22
• /
• 2003

To consider environmental characteristics in the scope of geochemistry of streams, Hwasun area, soil, sediment and water samples near/in the streams were analyzed in texture and metal contents of soil and sediment and in quality in water. From those analyses, the soils are loamy sand, sandy loam, loam and silty loam in texture. And, the sediments are slightly gravelly sand, gravelly sand and gravelly muddy sand in facies. Metal contents in soils and sediments are of high near Hwasuneup and Hwasun coalfield. In peculiar, P, Co, Li, Ni, Zn and Pb exceed over crust mean contents. Physico-chemistry of above streams according to pH-Eh and Piper's diagrams indicates that the streams are, typically, assigned to natural river water. Water qualities of BOD, T-N and T-P in areas near Hwasun coalfield, Dongmyeon and Hwasuneup are polluted over V level. Enrichment factor(EF) representing metal condensation in P, Cu, Zn and Pb appear near Hwasun coalfield and Hwasuneup from the soil and sediment samples, in part. Additionally, river water in dry season is very high in BOD, T-N, $Na^+$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$. It is suggested that the relatively high metal contents in the stream be connected with above coalfield and urban areas.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2002

The rate of sewage treatment in South Korea was 68% in the late 1999. Sewage treatment is mostly made near big cities such as Seoul and Busan, and it is little in rural areas. Wastewater from households goes to streams directly without treatment in rural areas and pollutes streams. It is necessary to improve the progress for treatment of nutrients such as N and P which cause eutrophication in streams and lakes, because sewage treatment system in South Korea focuses on treatment of basic organic matters. Therefore it will contribute to improve discharged water quality if small sewage treatment systems by aquatic plants and microbes are introduced to rural areas where are not connected to local sewage treatment facility. This experiment was conducted to find out the best way using aquatic plants and microbes to purify wastewater from households through individual sewage treatment system. Phragmites communis, Iris pseudoacorus, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Typha orientalis and Oenanthe javanica were used for this experiment. BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were analyzed following standard methods for wastewater. The result shows that wastewater was roughly purified through pebbles and sands, and highly purified through aquatic plants and microbes especially in T-N and T-P. Iris pseudoacorus is the most effective in reduction of COD and BOD level. This system will work even in winter when plants die because microbes will be still working.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2019

Background: Habitat selectivity and ecology of freshwater fishes were studied in two selected streams and their junction point which consist a total of 39 microhabitats. The aims of this study were to describe the habitat preference and its availability to fish assemblage, as well as ecology, habitat use, and habitat characteristics. Methods: We collected fish with backpack electrofishing three times during August 2013, December 2013, and March 2014. Using a variation partitioning approach of R software, we studied the relationship of fish abundances with stream type, habitat type, and abundance of key macroinvertebrate taxa. Results: A total of 6554 fishes representing four species belonging to the family Cyprinidae were caught. A higher total fish abundance was recorded from Gereb Tsedo (4870; 74.3%) than from Elala stream (1684; 25.7%). Taking both streams together, the overall total relative fish abundance was significantly higher in pools (53%) than in runs (35%) and in riffles (12%) at P < 0.05. Species-wise comparisons showed that 71%, 15%, 13%, and 1% of the pool fish community were occupied by Garra blanfordii, Garra ignestii, Garra dembecha, and Garra aethiopica, respectively. Stream type, habitat type, and key macroinvertebrate taxa each explained a significant proportion of the variation in fish abundance. Based on the variation partitioning approach, fish abundance was higher in Gereb Tsedo stream (P < 0.01). Moreover, fish abundance increased with pool habitat type (P < 0.01) and with availability of key macroinvertebrate taxa (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Fish abundance differed between stream types, among habitats and among key macroinvertebrate taxa availability. Among the factors, habitat type was the most important driving factor behind variation among fish abundances, and pool supports the highest fish abundance.